Answer:
The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang ...
Explanation:
Hubble's law best supports the big bang theory of the origin of the universe.
What are the features of Hubble's law?Hubble's law, which says simply that a galaxy's velocity (or as is sometimes plotted, its redshift) is directly proportional to its distance, also tells us something important about the state of the universe.
Hubble law is the exploration in big bang cosmology that the speed at which galaxies travel away from the Earth is directly related to their distance.
Edwin Hubble provided the first observational evidence for the universe having a finite age. Using the largest telescope of the time, he discovered that the more distant a galaxy is from us, the faster it appears to be receding into space.
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Pls answer will mark brainliest to first person! I will report if it does not relate. Research an internal organism that has adapted over time to allow the species to perform specialized functions. Describe how the internal structure helps the organism survive in its ecosystem.
Answer:
An organism that was adapted over time to perform specialized functions is the saddleback tortoise which adapted slowly over time. Saddleback tortoise have shells that rise in front, like a saddle. This adaptation makes it easier for them to lift their heads high to eat tree cactus. This helps the tortoise survive by letting it reach a food source and not starve.
Explanation:
Answer:b
Explanation:
The structure
⚠️Pangea was the last supercontinent on the Earth. However, by the late Triassic period it had begun to separate. By the Jurassic, Pangea had split into the northern continent of Laurasia, and the southern continent of Gondwana, separated by a narrow ocean called the Tethys Sea. Which statement below best describes what likely happened here?
1. How does calcium ion concentration in blood affect muscle contraction? Does it lead to tetany in certain cases? How will you correlate fluctuation in blood calcium with tetany?
Calcium ion concentration in the blood affects muscle contraction because actin and myosin filaments return to their initial places as calcium ions leave the muscle cells, causing the muscle to relax.
The muscle relaxes as calcium ions leave the muscle cells, causing the actin and myosin filaments to return to their initial positions. In other words, a lower calcium level in muscles is indicated by a larger level of calcium ions in the blood. Muscle contraction will suffer as a result of this.
Muscle contraction results from the thin and thick filaments sliding apart from one another when Ca2+ is present in the cytosol. Similar to this, as the Ca2+ level drops, the binding sites are covered, causing contraction to cease.
Low calcium levels in bodily fluids due to impaired parathyroid gland function occur in cases of tetany. Periodic, excruciating muscle spasms (wild contractions) and trembling are symptoms of tetany.
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Anna went to her physician complaining of fatigue and swelling in her legs. She explained the doctor that she exercises often and does not drink water. She also revealed that she is smoker. Doctor sad that she was dehydrated, had edema and probably hypoproteinemia (low plasma protein concentration). He ordered some blood tests and ECG. ECG revealed that she had atrial fibrillation, which he said might explain her fatigue. Doctor advised her perhaps exercise more moderately, drink water and that she should definitely stop smoking.
- How might a blood test help to diagnose the cause of Jessica’s fatigue and edema?
- How does her hypoproteinemia relate to her edema?
- How would dehydration influence blood volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output?
- What is atrial fibrillation, and how does it appear on an ECG?
- How might atrial fibrillation explain Anna’s fatigue?
the citric acid cycle role is
Answer:
The citric acid cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and amino acids. It is the most important metabolic pathway for the energy supply to the body.
Evolution is Blank 1 Blank 2 in a Blank 3 of organisms.
'Evolution is adaptive changes in a trait of organisms, which mainly occurs through the process of natural selection.
What is the evolutionary process of natural selection?The evolutionary process of the natural selection process by Darwin refers to the differential survival and reproduction of organisms in order to adapt to an ever-changing enviroment that may hamper these features.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the evolutionary process of natural selection is based on differential survival as well as the strategies of reproduction which lead to change in organisms and thus perpetuate across time.
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1. The (incorrect) belief that life is produced by a mysterious spirit or force is called: a. spiritualism b. recidivism C. vitalism d. hoodoo-voodooism
Answer:
it has the word spirit in it. Spiritualism
Lactobacillus acidophilus has one ring-shaped chromosome. What is true for this
genome?
A. Genome is prokaryotic
B. Genome is eukaryotic
C. Genome contains histone proteins and basa
D. Genome has extensive spacer DNA
Lactobacillus acidophilus has one ring-shaped chromosome. Its Genome is prokaryotic.
The bacteria have been correctly remoted from a business yoghurt drink and identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus using gram staining, scanning electron microscope, motility, catalase and carbohydrate fermentation exams.
Lactobacilli are Gram-positive, catalase-poor, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that produce lactic acid as the fundamental quit product of fermentation.
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a Gram-positive rod with rounded ends that arise as single cells, as well as in pairs or in short chains. The typical length is 0.6 to 0.9 μm in width and 1.5 to 6 μm in length. it is non flagellated, nonmotile and non spore-forming, and is intolerant to salt.
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Turbellaria flatworms can reproduce asexually by
a.
regeneration.
c.
producing polyps.
b.
forming larvae.
d.
exchanging both sperm and eggs.
Answer:
a. regenation
Explanation:
hope its hrlp
Describe how the amphipathic nature of phospholipids leads to the formation of the phospholipid bilayer organization observed in membrane structure. Based upon this information, how would you design a drug delivery system to cross the cell membrane?
The amphipathic nature of the phospholipid leads to the formation of the phospholipid bilayer organization because the phospholipid molecules contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Phospholipids' amphipathic nature means that their molecules have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics. The fatty-acyl tail of the phospholipid is non-polar in nature, but the head group of the phospholipid is polar.
Thus, this property of phospholipids caused the arrangement of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, where the non-polar fatty-acyl tail is buried inside the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer, which is away from the aqueous phase, and the polar head groups face the cytosolic and extracellular faces, which are exposed to the aqueous medium.
Similar to how lipophilic molecules may easily penetrate the cell membrane, polar drugs must be changed in order for them to do so since they cannot do so in the polarized condition.
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Which plate boundary interaction is shown in the picture?
A. convergent boundary
B. divergent boundary
C. transform boundary
The plate boundary interaction which is shown in the picture is referred to as transform boundary and is denoted as option C.
What is a Transform boundary?
This refers to a fault zone which is characterized by two plates sliding past each other horizontally in the earth .
On the other hand, Divergent boundaries refers to the plates moving apart while convergent boundaries refers to the plates are colliding with each other as a result of different types of factors such as temperature, pressure etc.
This is therefore the reason why transform boundary was chosen as the most appropriate choice according to the picture given in the question.
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PLZZ HELPP
Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?
Energy from the Sun
Magnetic Pole Reversal
Convection currents in the mantle
Faults in Mountain Ranges
1. The arctic hare in the picture is shown camouflaged in the
snow from possible predators.
What would happen if the arctic hare was introduced into a
new environment without snow and ice?
A. The species would become overpopulated.
B. The chance of young hares surviving to adulthood and
reproducing would be greatly diminished.
C. The hare would be a popular target for game hunters.
D. All of the above.
Lab 9: Kingdom Plantae (12 Points) Introduction Plants are defined as multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. Nearly all of them contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. Being photoautotrophs, plants can make all their own organic molecules. All they need is energy from light, carbon from carbon dioxide, water, and various elements (like N, P, K, Ca, and Mg). Water can be absorbed into a plant by osmosis, but it can only travel a few cells away from a source. In order to transport water long distances, some groups of plants have specialized tissues (vascular tissue). Plants without vascular tissues must live in wet areas and cannot grow very tall. Consult the plant lecture, slides, and links on Canvas for more information on defining features of plants and groups of plants. Part 1: Comparing major groups of plants Within the plant kingdom, biologists separate plants into four major groups: bryophytes (mosses and llverworts), pteridophytes (ferns), gymnosperms (conifers), and anglosperms (flowering plants). The separations are primarily based on anatomical structures, particularly the ones they use to transport water in their bodies, and on the different ways in which plants reproduce sexually. **What to submit for this activity** Use the information from lectures, the textbook, and any other sources of your choice to fill out the table comparing the four major groups of plants. Submit your completed table as part of what you upload to the Canvas lab assignment for this week. (5 Points) What are one or more examples? Do they have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)? Which part of the life cycle/generation is more dominant in structure? (Gametophyte or Sporophyte?) What other characteristics can help you identify this group? (List at least 2 or more) Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes) Ferns and relatives (Pteridophytes) Conifers (Gymnosperms) Flowering plants (Angiosperms)
Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes):
- Example: Mosses (e.g., Sphagnum moss) and liverworts (e.g., Marchantia)
- Vascular tissue: No true vascular tissue (lack xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Gametophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves; instead, they have rhizoids.
2. Reproduce via spores and require water for fertilization.
Ferns and relatives (Pteridophytes):
- Example: Ferns (e.g., Polypodium) and horsetails (e.g., Equisetum)
- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Reproduce via spores produced in structures called sporangia.
2. Exhibit well-developed leaves called fronds and often have underground stems (rhizomes).
Conifers (Gymnosperms):
- Example: Conifers such as pine trees (e.g., Pinus) and spruces (e.g., Picea)
- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Produce seeds in cones.
2. Typically have needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often evergreen.
Flowering plants (Angiosperms):
- Example: Flowering plants include roses (e.g., Rosa), sunflowers (e.g., Helianthus), and oak trees (e.g., Quercus)
- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Produce flowers for sexual reproduction.
2. Seeds are enclosed within fruits.
3. Have a wide range of forms, from small herbs to large trees.
Please note that the examples provided are just a few representatives of each plant group, and there are many more species within each group.Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes):
- Example: Mosses (e.g., Sphagnum moss) and liverworts (e.g., Marchantia)
- Vascular tissue: No true vascular tissue (lack xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Gametophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves; instead, they have rhizoids.
2. Reproduce via spores and require water for fertilization.
Ferns and relatives (Pteridophytes):
- Example: Ferns (e.g., Polypodium) and horsetails (e.g., Equisetum)
- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Reproduce via spores produced in structures called sporangia.
2. Exhibit well-developed leaves called fronds and often have underground stems (rhizomes).
Conifers (Gymnosperms):
- Example: Conifers such as pine trees (e.g., Pinus) and spruces (e.g., Picea)
- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Produce seeds in cones.
2. Typically have needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often evergreen.
Flowering plants (Angiosperms):
- Example: Flowering plants include roses (e.g., Rosa), sunflowers (e.g., Helianthus), and oak trees (e.g., Quercus)
- Vascular tissue: Have true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Dominant structure: Sporophyte generation is more dominant in structure
- Other characteristics:
1. Produce flowers for sexual reproduction.
2. Seeds are enclosed within fruits.
3. Have a wide range of forms, from small herbs to large trees.
Please note that the examples provided are just a few representatives of each plant group, and there are many more species within each group.
What does DNA use to store information
DNA stores biological information in sequences of four bases of nucleic acid — adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) — which are strung along ribbons of sugar- phosphate molecules in the shape of a double helix.
The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is
turned off only when glucose is present in the growth medium.
turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium.
turned on only when glucose is present in the growth medium.
turned on only when tryptophan is present in the growth medium.
permanently turned on.
The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium.
The tryptophan operon is a collection of genes that are transcribed together and encode the enzymes that produce tryptophan in bacteria. The trp operon was discovered in many other bacteria after being discovered in Escherichia coli. The tryptophan binds to the trp repressor, causing it to change shape and become active (DNA-binding). The trp repressor attaches to the operator, preventing RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and thus preventing operon transcription.
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Which action is necessary for a solar eclipse to occur?
The Moon needs to be full.
Earth needs to pass in front of the Sun.
The Sun needs to pass in front of the Moon.
The Moon needs to pass between Earth and the Sun.
Ryan is about to board an airplane to fly to Florida for Spring Break. He is very anxious to fly, but he knows his body is having this normal reaction to a stressor. His palms start to sweat, his heart starts racing, and his breathing becomes much faster in anticipation of the flight. Construct an argument using the observations above of how the body is a system of interacting subsystems. Be sure to include at least two body systems involved and how they are working together during this stress response.
The body is a system of interacting subsystems as seen in the instance of Ryan for the following reasons:
the nervous system interacts with the respiratory system to increase the breathing ratethe nervous system interacts with the cardiovascular system to increase blood flow.What are organ systems?Organ systems refer to the system of organs found in the body that work together to perform one or more specific functions.
There are several organ systems in the body that interact with each other.
Some of the organ systems in the body interacting with each other include:
nervous systemmusculoskeletal systemdigestive systemexcretory systemrespiratory systemThe stress response in the body is an example of the interaction of the organ systems in the body.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST ANSWER QUICK
How can a person reduce their own food waste?
Use clean energy in food production facilities and storage.
When you are ordering out, order just enough for one meal.
Reduce the distance of imported items used to make food products.
Use energy-efficient technology in food production and storage.
Just buying enough food for one meal when we order out is one approach to decrease food waste.
How can we manage to reduce food waste?
Plan for the meals. Instead of buying whatever is left on the shelves, try to buy only what we eat, and eat what we buyEnjoy the meal to the last leaf, practically. Unusual components, including leftovers and fruit peels, can be reused.Issue of Food waste:
The issue of food waste needs to be addressed because it is so significant. Massive foodstuff manufacturing has increased to try to keep up with the rise in the global population. Nearly half of the foodstuff produced worldwide is wasted, and a large portion of it occurs at home because individuals have a practice of throwing leftovers away when they could be reusing them.Eating the leftovers is one way to prevent food waste. If we overcook or if we purchase an excessive amount of fresh items, refrigerate the remainder or apply the bleach method to freeze the fruits, veggies, and vegetables.Therefore, the correct choice is an option (B).
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Option B: When you are ordering out, order just enough for one meal.
Part one
The sedimentary rock known as conglomerate typically forms in _______ environments in which particles can become rounded, such as fast-flowing rivers.
An example of _______ is when moving water slows down and particles being transported in the water begin to settle out (sediment) in a new location.
_______ is a type of sediment that feels smooth to your fingers but gritty in your mouth.
The most common chemical sedimentary rock is _______.
Limestone typically doesn't accumulate in the ocean at depths below 4,000 meters because below that depth, calcite is _______.
Based on the principle of original horizontality, geologists conclude that layers of sedimentary rock that have been tilted must have been subjected to _______.
Based on the principle of inclusions, the cobbles in conglomerate must have been formed _______ the conglomerate.
Geologists use the principle of _______ to justify using fossils in a sample of sedimentary rock to determine the rock’s age.
Partings between adjacent beds of sedimentary rock may represent periods of _______, which could range from a few decades to a few centuries.
Some graded beds, especially those resulting from deposition by a fast-moving debris flow, are reversed, which means _______ material is at the top instead of at the bottom.
Part 2
During metamorphic processes, increased pressure and temperature can affect the _______ of minerals in rock.
Rocks subjected to very high pressure are typically _______ than others because mineral grains are squeezed together, and the atoms are more closely packed.
During metamorphic processes, water facilitates the transfer of ions between and within minerals, which can _______ the rate at which metamorphic reactions take place.
The growth of new minerals within a rock during metamorphism has been estimated to be about _______ per million years.
_______ metamorphism is commonly associated with convergent plate boundaries, where two plates move toward each other.
During contact metamorphism, a large intrusion will contain _______ thermal energy and will cool much more slowly than a small one.
Metamorphosed sandstone is known as _______.
The metamorphic rock _______, made from metamorphosed shale, was once used to make blackboards for classrooms.
The proper response to the rocks and minerals are;
1. high-energy environments 2. An example of deposition
3. Silt is a type of sediment 4. sedimentary rock is limestone.
5. calcite is soluble. 6. subjected to tectonic forces
7. before the conglomerate. 8. principle of faunal succession
9. periods of non-deposition, 10. which means coarser material
What more should you know about rocks and minerals?
In response to part 2 on rocks and minerals;
1. temperature can affect the structure and composition of minerals in
rock.
2. Rocks subjected to very high pressure are typically denser
3. water facilitates the transfer of ions between and within minerals, which can increase the rate at which metamorphic reactions take place.
4. The growth of new minerals within a rock during metamorphism has been estimated to be about 1 mm per million years.
5. Regional metamorphism is commonly associated with convergent plate boundaries,
6. During contact metamorphism, a large intrusion will contain more thermal energy
7. Metamorphosed sandstone is known as quartzite.
8. The metamorphic rock slate, made from metamorphosed shale, was once used to make blackboards for classrooms.
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what is geological substratum
Answer:
Explanation:
Geological substratum refers to the solid rock or layer of Earth's crust that lies beneath the soil, sediment, or other surface materials.
Hope it helps!!
i begging you please help me
Theme . Anatomical and functional features of
TMJ at children depending of age. Clinical examination of patient with TMJ pathology, classification of diseases. Diseases of TMJ in children, clinical symptoms of acute and chronic diseases. Differential diagnostics, principles of treatment, prevention of diseases.
1. The clinical signs of MPD are following except:
A. teeth frequently have wear facets
B. daytime clenching or nocturnal bruxism.
C. range of mandibular movement may be decreased.
D. diffuse, poorly localized, preauricular pain..
E. crepitus, located directly over the TMG.
2. Radiographic appearance of DJD:
A. decreased joint space, surface erosions, osteophytes, and flattening of the condylar head.
B. radiographs of the tmjs are usually normal.
C. MRI images usually demonstrate anterior displacement of the disk.
D. erosive changes in the anterior and posterior aspects of the condylar heads.
E. irregular articular surfaces of the condyle and fossa, with varying degrees of calcified connection between these articulating surfaces.
3. Synovial fluid is a:
A. liquid of lymphatic systems
B. serous exudate from articular cavitas.
C. oral liquid which mixed blood lubricant.
D. filtrate of plasma that passes through fenestrations in the subendothelial capillaries.
E. secret of epithelial lining which covered articular surfaces.
4. Click occurring during the opening movement. It’s sign of:
A. disk displacement disorders.
B. mpd.
C. djd.
D. ankylosis.
E. acute infectious arthritis.
5. When the mandibular condyle translates anteriorly in front of the articular eminence and dislocations can’t be reduced may be necessary:
A. limitation of motion.
B. anesthesia of the auricular temporal nerve and the muscles of mastication.
C. using of stronger analgesics.
D. emg biofeedback and relaxation training, ultrasound, spray and stretch, and pressure massage.
E. occlusal splints.
6. Tricyclic antidepressants are administered in patient with:
A. systemic arthritic conditions.
B. acute arthritis.
C. anterior disk displacement without reduction.
D. degenerative joint disease.
E. mpd causing bruxism
7. The articular disc receives nutrition from:
A. intercellular space.
B. true vessels.
C. vessels of fibrous cartilage.
D. sinovial fluid. E. oral liquid.
8. By MPD the pain is a result of:
A. damage of articular disk
B. increased pressure in joint space.
C. abnormal muscular function or hyperactivity.
D. accumulate exudate in joint space.
E. articular surface flattening, erosions.
9. The pain syndrome in infectious arthritis of TMJ is result of:
A. increased pressure in joint space.
B. abnormal muscular function or hyperactivity.
C. damage of articular disk.
D. accumulate exudate in joint space.
E. articular surface flattening, erosions.
10. Etiologic factors suggested as contributing to the development of TMD are following except:
A. trauma.
B. immaturity of connective tissue structures.
C. occlusal factors.
D. parafunctional habits. E. posture.
11. Malocclusion associated with TMD is following:
A. all of above listed.
B. skeletal anterior open bite.
C. overjet greater than 6 to 7 mm.
D. retrocuspal position (centric relation) to intercuspal position (centric occlusion) slides greater than 4 mm.
E. unilateral lingual cross bite.
12. The muscles should be palpated for the presence of following features except:
A.spasm.
B. tenderness.
C. fasciculations.
D. fiber disruption
E. trigger points.
13. Normal range of movement of an adult's mandible is about:
A. 45 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 10 mm protrusively and laterally.
B. 35 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 15 mm protrusively and laterally.
C. 25 mm vertically (i.e.,
interincisally) and 10 mm protrusively and laterally.
D. 15 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 15 mm protrusively and laterally.
E. 55 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 20 mm protrusively and laterally.
Explanation:
I have provided the answers to the questions based on the given text below:
1. E. crepitus, located directly over the TMG.
2. A. decreased joint space, surface erosions, osteophytes, and flattening of the condylar head.
3. B. serous exudate from articular cavitas.
4. A. disk displacement disorders.
5. E. occlusal splints.
6. E. mpd causing bruxism
7. C. vessels of fibrous cartilage.
8. C. abnormal muscular function or hyperactivity.
9. D. accumulate exudate in joint space.
10. B. immaturity of connective tissue structures.
11. A. all of above listed.
12. D. fiber disruption. 13. A. 45 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 10 mm protrusively and laterally.
If you want your friend to guess whether you have a bacteria or yeast sample by answering the clues you have about their properties like shape, size, composition.
What two clues you can give to make them easily distinguish between bacteria and yeast
b. What two clues you can give them to make them confused so that they can’t. decide whether they are bacteria or plant cell
The answers include the following:
The two clues you can give to make them easily distinguish between bacteria and yeast is that yeast has a single nucleus per cell, while bacteria does not have a nucleus.The two clues which can make them confused so that they can’t. decide whether they are bacteria or plant cell is that they both possess cell wall.What is Yeast?This is an organism which belongs to the fungus kingdom and is an eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms with the presence of one nucleus which is what differentiates it from bacteria as it possesses none.
Bacteria and yeast have cell wall which is the organelle responsible for maintaining their structural integrity while bacteria has no nucleus and yeast has one which differentiates them which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct answer.
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Which are the most abundant elements in the bio molecules?
Answer:
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
Answer:
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Explanation:
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which phrese does not describe oceans near the equator
Low lightning does not describe oceans near the equator. thus option D is correct..Low tempretare, low salinty and low density are the other options which are not mention in question.
Which oceans are near the equator?The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans are all located along the equator.
Low lighting does not describe oceans near the water because they receive maximum sunlight in the daytime. As a result, the equator experiences significantly stronger sunshine than the north and south poles, which warms the water there.Low tempretare, low salinty and low density are phrase describe ocean near the equator.
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HELP: WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Answer the blank
The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and requires acetyl coenzyme-A (acetyl-CoA) that is produced from both lipids and carbs.
What is the Krebs cycle of cell respiration?The Krebs cycle of cellular respiration is the second step of this metabolic pathway which occurs in the mitochondrial matrix to generate NADH and FADH which are used during oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the Krebs cycle of cell respiration is the second stage of this process and produces molecules required for ATP synthesis.
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Animals have cells of various sizes and shapes. Fat cells are roughly spherical and can be quite large. The cells lining the gut, on the other hand, are much smaller and have highly folded plasma
membranes on one side, as represented in the figure. Which of the following describes the effect of a cell's shape and size on its ability to exchange substances with its environment?
As a cell gets bigger, diffusion becomes less efficient because the surface-to-volume ratio decreases. As the sphere or animal gets bigger, the surface area for diffusion gets smaller.
Describe a cell example:All of these plants and animals, including trees in a forest, fish in a river, horseflies on a farm, lemurs in the jungle, reeds in a pond, and worms in the soil, are comprised of the building blocks known as cells. Many living organisms, like these examples, are made up of many cells cooperating with one another.
What does a cell perform?They provide the body with structure, absorb the nutrients from food, turn those into energy, and carry out specific functions. Furthermore, cells have the ability to replicate themselves that contain the brain's genetic material.
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Green plants can use energy from the sun to make their own food. What do plants need in order to turn energy from the Sun into matter they can use for growth?
Answer:
by photosynthesis, because plants are autotrophs
(d) a species of intertidal plant has thick shiny leaves that reflect sunlight make a claim about which area of the intertidal zone this plant is best adapted to live in
Based on the description of the plant having thick, shiny leaves that reflect sunlight, it can be inferred that this plant is best adapted to live in the upper intertidal zone.
Where is the plant foundThe upper intertidal zone is the area that is exposed to air and sunlight during low tide and is submerged during high tide. Plants that live in this area are exposed to high levels of sunlight and heat, as well as desiccation (drying out) during low tide. Therefore, plants in this zone need to be adapted to withstand these harsh conditions.
The thick, shiny leaves of the plant described would help to reflect sunlight and reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the plant, which can help prevent overheating and damage from the sun. Additionally, the thickness of the leaves could help reduce water loss during low tide when the plant is exposed to air and is at risk of desiccation.
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Elizabeth is a carrier of PKU and is married to Alan, who is homozygous recessive for the PKU disease. They just gave birth to their first child, a girl named Sarah.
Draw a Punnett square for Elizabeth and Alan.
To draw a Punnett square for Elizabeth and Alan, we need to consider their genotypes for the PKU disease.
Elizabeth is a carrier of PKU, which means she has one normal allele (denoted as N) and one PKU allele (denoted as p). Therefore, her genotype is Np.Alan is homozygous recessive for PKU, meaning he has two PKU alleles (pp) and does not have a normal allele.
The Punnett square will show the possible combinations of alleles that their child, Sarah, could inherit.
| N | p |
-----------------------------
p | Np | pp |
-----------------------------
p | Np | pp |
-----------------------------
In the Punnett square, the top row represents the alleles from Elizabeth (Np), and the left column represents the alleles from Alan (pp).
From the Punnett square, we can see that there are two possible genotypes for Sarah: Np and pp.
If Sarah inherits the genotype Np, she will be a carrier like her mother Elizabeth. She will have one normal allele and one PKU allele, but she will not have the disease.If Sarah inherits the genotype pp, she will have PKU since she has received two PKU alleles from both parents.
It's important to note that Punnett squares provide a theoretical representation of genetic outcomes and do not guarantee the actual genetic inheritance of a child.
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