Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. Hydrolysis break down molecules and typically release energy, dehydration build up molecules and typically demand energy.
Hydrolysis & dehydration kinds of reactions can assemble and disassemble nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, however the monomers in each case vary. Because dehydration reactions have a rule for creating polymers from monomers, when they assemble large biological molecules and begin to form more monomers that are connected to one another by covalent bonds until they form a chain of monomers, they must first lose a water molecule before they can begin to synthesise and form a new bond. In a similar vein, when polymers are broken down into monomers by hydrolysis reactions, a water molecule must be added because dehydration reactions also have a rule.
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biology: how life works. 3rd edition. james morris, daniel hartl, andrew knoll, robert lue, melissa michael, andrew berry, andrew biewener, brian farrell, n. michele holbrook
The science of biology is the study of living things and how they function. Numerous disciplines are included under the umbrella of biology, including botany,marine biology, medicine, conservation, ecology, evolution, genetics, microbiology, physiology, and zoology ,molecular biology, .
what is biology ?The study of life in science is known as biology.It is a natural science with a wide range, yet it has a number of common threads that make it work as a single, cohesive discipline.For instance, every creature contains cells that process genetic information that may be passed on to future generations. This information is contained in genes.Evolution, which explains both the unity and variety of life, is an important additional subject.As it enables movement, growth, and reproduction in living things, energy processing is essential to life.The ability to control one's internal environment is a trait shared by all living things.The anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, their molecular biology, population evolution, and other aspects of life may all be studied by biologists.To know more about biology , refer to the following link:
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Was combustion part of the carbon cycle before humans used fossil fuels?
Yes, combustion was indeed part of the carbon cycle before humans began using fossil fuels. Combustion is a natural process that involves the rapid reaction of carbon-containing substances with oxygen, resulting in the release of energy, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
Prior to human influence, combustion primarily occurred through natural processes such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions. These events released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as a natural part of the carbon cycle.
Additionally, biological processes such as respiration by living organisms, including plants and animals, also contributed to the release of carbon dioxide through the combustion of organic matter.
However, the combustion associated with human use of fossil fuels has significantly altered the carbon cycle. Fossil fuel combustion, such as burning coal, oil, and gas, has substantially increased the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.
This additional carbon dioxide has led to an increase in atmospheric concentrations, contributing to climate change and disrupting the natural balance of the carbon cycle.
Therefore, while combustion was a component of the carbon cycle before humans used fossil fuels, human activities have greatly intensified their impact on carbon dioxide levels and the global carbon cycle.
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Consider the inheritance pattern for the ABCC11 gene. This pedigree follows the inheritance of dry and wet earwax. Match the following individuals with their genotype. w al OOHN 1 2 3 11-3: AA 1-2:aa III-1: Aa II-6: aa 11-2: AA 11-4: Cannot determine, A_
AA (homozygous dominant for dry earwax), aa (homozygous recessive for wet earwax), Aa (heterozygous for dry and wet earwax), 11-3: AA (homozygous dominant for dry earwax), 1-2: aa (homozygous recessive for wet earwax) and III-1: Aa (heterozygous for dry and wet earwax)
Based on the information provided, the genotypes of the individuals in the pedigree are as follows:
AA (homozygous dominant for dry earwax)aa (homozygous recessive for wet earwax)Aa (heterozygous for dry and wet earwax)11-3: AA (homozygous dominant for dry earwax)1-2: aa (homozygous recessive for wet earwax)III-1: Aa (heterozygous for dry and wet earwax)II-6: aa (homozygous recessive for wet earwax)11-2: AA (homozygous dominant for dry earwax)11-4: Cannot determine, A_ (could be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous for dry earwax)It is important to note that the genotypes listed above are based on the assumption that the inheritance pattern for the ABCC11 gene follows simple Mendelian inheritance. If the inheritance pattern is more complex, the genotypes may not be accurately predicted using this method.
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Ever since she suffered damage to her _______, Melissa has found it hard to do things like writing and clapping her hands.
A. basal ganglia
B. cerebellum
C. mirror neurons
D. hippocampus
Ever since she suffered damage to her cerebellum, Melissa has found it hard to do things like writing and clapping her hands, option B is correct.
The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, plays a crucial role in motor coordination and movement control. It receives information from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain, allowing it to fine-tune and coordinate voluntary movements.
Damage to the cerebellum can result in difficulties with motor skills, including impaired coordination, precision, and timing. In Melissa's case, her damaged cerebellum has disrupted her ability to perform tasks that require fine motor control, such as writing and clapping her hands. Rehabilitation techniques and therapies may be helpful in assisting her recovery and improving her motor function, option B is correct.
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Which of the following would most likely occur if enzymes were not present in living cells?
A. Slow rate of reaction
B High rate of reaction
C Reaction requiring higher temperatures
D No reaction
Answer:
A. Slow rate of reaction
Explanation:
Normal biochemical reactions that keep you alive could take days to months without enzymes in your cells. Thus, removing enzymes slows down the rate of reaction and makes life impossible to persist. Some reactions could still happen without enzyme but would be very very veryyyyyyyyyyyyyy slooooowwwwwww
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The chemical reactions would occur too slowly to be of any benefit to the cell. The chemical reactions would take place faster than normal,
copying genetic information from dna to rna is called ----using the infrmation contained in mrna is called -----a- trans cription, translation, b- translation, transcripition, c-dna replication, translation
Copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called transcription.
Using the information contained in mRNA is called translation.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
a) Transcription (for copying genetic information from DNA to RNA)
b) Translation (for using the information contained in mRNA)
Copying inheritable information from DNA to RNA is a pivotal step in gene expression and is known as recap. Recap involves the conflation of a reciprocal RNA patch using one beachfront of the DNA as a template. The process of recap is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which recognizes specific regions on the DNA called promoters and initiates the conflation of RNA.
During recap, the DNA double helix unwinds, and the RNA polymerase binds to the protagonist region. The enzyme also moves along the DNA template beachfront, adding reciprocal RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA chain. Adenine( A) dyads with uracil( U) in RNA, cytosine( C) dyads with guanine( G), and thymine( T) dyads with adenine( A) in DNA. This process continues until the RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence, motioning the end of recap.
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two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. after a rainstorm,flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. when the mice from the first populationreproduce with members of the second population, what can be said about the offspring compared to the parentalpopulations
When mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, the offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety, option D is correct.
This mixing of genetic material introduces new combinations of genes, leading to increased genetic variety in the second population. This genetic variety is beneficial as it can enhance the population's adaptability and resilience to changing environmental conditions.
It provides a broader pool of genetic resources for natural selection to act upon, potentially leading to the emergence of advantageous traits. This increased genetic diversity can contribute to the overall fitness of the second population, allowing it to better respond to selective pressures and increasing its chances of long-term survival in the forest ecosystem, option D is correct.
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The complete question is:
Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?
A. All of the offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.
B. The offspring will be forced to leave the second population.
C. The offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.
D. The offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety.
What happens to the protein as it is threaded through the ER lumen?
As a protein is threaded through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, it undergoes a number of modifications and interactions with chaperone proteins that help to ensure its proper folding and function.
Here are several crucial actions that take place:
Through a protein channel known as the translocon, the protein is threaded into the ER lumen while it is being produced by the ribosome.The protein starts to fold into its proper shape as soon as it enters the ER lumen. The protein is stabilised and kept from aggregating or misfolding by chaperone proteins in the ER lumen.Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), which are found in the ER lumen, are the enzymes that create disulfide bonds, chemical interactions between sulphur atoms that aid in stabilising proteins.The addition of additional carbohydrate chains (a process known as glycosylation) or the deletion of specific amino acids may be applied to the protein as it continues to fold and develop.For such more question on eukaryotic:
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According to cell theory which is made of cells
Answer:
All units of life
Explanation:
Answer:
All living things.
Explanation:
A. What percentage of earth's water can be found in soil?
B. What percentage of earth's water is stored in ice and snow?
C. What percentage of earth's fresh water is stored in ice and snow?
Answer:
a: 30 percent
b: 1.7 percent
c:68.7 percent
Biologists focus on the role of _____ in human development. sociologists focus on the role of _____ in human development.
Biologists focus on the role of genes and biology in human development. Sociologists focus on the role of society and social factors in human development.
Biologist study how genetic factors influence traits, behaviors, and physical characteristics that develop as a person grows. For example, they may investigate how genes affect the risk of developing certain diseases, the process of aging, or the inheritance of traits like eye color. Sociologists, on the other hand, focus on the role of society and social factors in human development. They examine how cultural norms, social structures, and social interactions shape individuals' development. For instance, sociologists may explore how societal expectations influence career choices, how family dynamics impact child development, or how social inequalities affect access to education and opportunities. While biologists study the biological underpinnings of human development, sociologists emphasize the social context and its impact. Both perspectives are important in understanding the complex interplay between biology and society in shaping human development.
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7. In Model 2, the reactants are?
Answer:
I Think
Methane and oxygen (oxygen is a diatomic — two-atom — element) are the reactants, while carbon dioxide and water are the products. All the reactants and products are gases (indicated by the g's in parentheses). In this reaction, all reactants and products are invisible.
Explanation:
I think this is correct answer
Answer:
No reaction given
Explanation:
Let me explain you what is reactant and products .
Look at the below equation .
\(\\ \sf\longmapsto H_2+O_2\longrightarrow H_2O\)
Here
Hydrogen and Oxygen are reactants and Water is the product.
which type of membrane protein transmits information into the cell by responding to signal molecules?
a. receptor protein b. channel protein c. carrier protein d. glycoprotein
The type of membrane protein that transmits information into the cell by responding to signal molecules is a receptor protein.
Receptor proteins are integral membrane proteins that bind to specific signaling molecules outside the cell, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, and trigger a signaling pathway within the cell. These pathways can lead to changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, and other cellular functions. Receptor proteins are highly specific, recognizing only particular ligands, and can be either intracellular or extracellular depending on their mechanism of action. Examples of receptor proteins include G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and ligand-gated ion channels. Dysfunction of receptor proteins can result in a wide range of diseases and disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of these proteins in cellular signaling and communication.
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What is the main source of energy for weather everywhere on Earth?
A. Wind
B. Gravity
C. Sun
D. Precipitation
Answer:
C= sun
Explanation:
The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system is the first of seven Essential Principles of Climate Sciences.
A monosaccharide is the building blocks of *
(2 Points
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lab #4: Telescope Optics (continued) Page of 6 Telescopes that collect light use enses or mirrors modify the paths of light rys. Light rays entering transparent substance such as glass or plastic will bend in accordance with the law of refraction. Light rays falling upon reflectire substance such as polished aluminum will bounot accordance with the law of reflection: In thep procedures that follow, arrange the components in the Ray Optics Demonstration Set as shown_ measure the angles = of refraction and reflection, and make Rraph = illustrating the behavior of light rays in each case: The Law of Refraction INCIDENCE Center the protractor sheet the white magnetic board 1 shownn Note orientation of thezero degree index: Positian the reer Ray Box (LRB) so that only one enters the plastic LRB half round lens shown For the angles of incidence in 1 the table on page fOur, record angles retructin_ Then plot the points on the NOIjJYd:3U = graph using unfilled circles: INCIDENCk The Law of Reflection Center the prutractor sheet 1 on the white magnetic board a5 shown: Position the Laser Ray Box that only one ray falls upon the flat mirror Fhmint For the angles of LRB incidence in ethe table page fOur; record the angles of reflection: Then plot the L MIRROR mointe the graph using SIDE filled circles: Jto3 Inno more than = few AcenenGm compare what happens to the light ray rincreased In ench case: the angle ofincidence
Telescopes use lenses or mirrors to manipulate light paths. Transparent substances follow refraction, while reflective surfaces follow reflection.
Telescopes utilize optical components such as lenses or mirrors to manipulate the paths of light rays. When light rays pass through transparent substances like glass or plastic, they undergo a change in direction due to the phenomenon of refraction. This bending of light follows the law of refraction, which relates the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction.
On the other hand, when light rays encounter reflective surfaces like polished aluminum, they undergo reflection, obeying the law of reflection. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, with both angles measured relative to the normal of the surface.
In the given lab instructions, the Ray Optics Demonstration Set is used to measure the angles of refraction and reflection and create a graph illustrating the behavior of light rays in each case. By comparing the angles of incidence and observing how they change with increased incidence, students can analyze the behavior of light rays in different optical configurations.
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Movement is a characteristic of a living thing. Discuss
Answer:
All living organisms show movement of one kind or another. All living organisms have internal movement, which means that they have the ability of moving substances from one part of their body to another.
What are the proteins embedded in the cell membrane and what is their function?
Proteins embedded in the cell membrane are known as integral membrane proteins. They are essential components of the cell membrane and play a variety of important functions,
Transport: Some integral membrane proteins act as channels, pumps, or carriers, allowing molecules to move across the membrane.
Receptors: Some integral membrane proteins serve as receptors for signaling molecules, allowing cells to communicate with each other.
Enzymes: Some integral membrane proteins are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions on the inside or outside of the cell.
Structural support: Some integral membrane proteins provide structural support to the cell membrane, helping to maintain its shape and stability.
Cell adhesion: Some integral membrane proteins are involved in cell-to-cell adhesion, allowing cells to stick together and form tissues.
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Which of the following substances must enter the cell through the cell membrane for the cell to live
A. Urea
B. Carbon monoxide
C. Nutrients
D. Carbon dioxide
Answer: C
The substance that must come through the cell membrane for the cell to live is nutrients. Cells would die if they did not get nutrients. Nutrients are what keeps the cell running.
What is the major difference between an endospore of a bacterium and an exospore of a fungus? 27 Answers AD A Fungal exospores are not for reproduction B Endospore of bacteria are dormant forms which are highly resistant too C Endospores are developed in all bacteria but not all fungi form exospores D Endospores are formed as a mean of reproduction in bacteri
The major difference between an endospore of a bacterium and an exospore of a fungus is that B, endospores are dormant forms which are highly resistant to environmental stresses, while exospores are not.
What are endospore and exospores?Endospores are formed by some bacteria, such as Bacillus anthracis, as a means of survival in harsh environments. They are metabolically inactive and can withstand extreme temperatures, radiation, and chemicals. When conditions improve, the endospore can germinate and the bacterium can resume its normal life cycle.
Exospores are formed by some fungi, such as actinomycetes. They are not as resistant to environmental stresses as endospores, but they can help the fungus to disperse and colonize new areas.
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A ___ is a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells. This type of cell also removes dead cells and stimulates the action of other immune cells.
A macrophage is a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells. This cell type also removes dead cells as well as stimulates the action of other immune cells.
Leukocytes are the white blood cells present inside the body. These are synthesized in the bone marrow of the bones. The cells may be present in blood as well as the lymph fluid. The most important function of leukocytes is to help in maintaining and increasing the immunity of the body by fighting the foreign invaders.
Immunity is the ability of the body to protect itself by fighting with the foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses etc. More healthy and disease-free an organism is, more is his immunity.
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A mouse's tail gets cut off. If the mouse has babies later, how will this affect the length of the tails of its offspring
Answer:
no it will not affect the length of the tails of any of the offspring.
5) During which part of the water cycle is energy absorbed by water?
Answer:
hope this helps you!!!!!
I will give 50 points PLEASE HURRY
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Answer:
thats only 5.
Explanation:
In German cockroaches, bulging eyes, bu, are recessive to normal eyes, bu , and curved wings, cv, are recessive to straight wings, cv . Both traits are encoded by autosomal genes that are linked. A cockroach has genotype bu bu cv cv, and the genes are in repulsion. Which set of genes will be found in the most common gametes produced by this cockroach
In the given scenario, the German cockroach has the genotype bu bu cv cv, with bulging eyes (bu) and curved wings (cv) being recessive traits.
The genes are in repulsion, meaning the dominant and recessive alleles are on opposite homologous chromosomes. Due to genetic linkage, the alleles will be inherited together more frequently than expected by chance.
In this case, the most common gametes produced by this cockroach will contain the linked genes bu and cv. Since both traits are recessive, the alleles are less likely to be separated during recombination. Therefore, the most common gametes from this cockroach will have the combination of bulging eyes (bu) and curved wings (cv).
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A double stranded dna fragment contains 12 denine residues. calculate the percentage cytosine residues.
The percentage of cytosine residues is 25%.
In DNA double helix, A always pairs with T and G always pairs with C.
Therefore, the number of adenine (A) is equal to the number of thymine (T), and the number of guanine (G) is equal to the number of cytosine (C).
This implies that, if there are 12 adenine residues in a DNA molecule, there will also be 12 thymine residues.
Therefore, we can calculate the percentage of cytosine residues as follows:
Number of guanine (G) = Number of cytosine (C)
Number of adenine (A) = Number of thymine (T)
Total number of nucleotides
= Number of adenine (A) + Number of thymine (T) + Number of guanine (G) + Number of cytosine (C)
= 12 + 12 + G + C
= 24 + G + C
Thus, percentage of cytosine residues is given by:
Percentage of cytosine (C) = (Number of cytosine / Total number of nucleotides) x 100
We can express the number of cytosine as:
G = C,
thus, 24 + G + C = 24 + 2C
Therefore, Percentage of cytosine residues:
= (C / (24 + 2C)) x 100
To get the value of C, we substitute G = C in the equation above:
24 + 2C
= 12 + 2C + C12
= C
Thus, Number of cytosine residues = 12
Percentage of cytosine residues:
= (12 / 24+2(12)) x 100
= (12 / 48) x 100
= 25%
Thus, the percentage of cytosine residues is 25%.
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How many reactants are in the fermentation chemical equation?
How is the process of translation essential for the regular functions in a
living thing? (HS-LS1-1) *
a.Translation is a process where the cell changes DNA into RNA
b.Translation is a process where the cell uses DNA to create viruses
c.Translation is a process where the cell uses DNA to create proteins
d.Translation is a process where the cell changes DNA into bacteria used for digestion
Other:
Answer:
I think the answer is A I think
which animals can hear a sound wave that has 18,500 cycles in 0.75 seconds? check all that apply. bats moths cats humans birds fish crickets
Bats can hear the 18,500 cycle sound wave. Moths, on the other hand, have sensitive hearing organs that can detect ultrasonic sounds as a means of avoiding bats that use echolocation to hunt them.
The sound wave that has 18,500 cycles in 0.75 seconds is in the ultrasonic range, which means that it is too high-pitched for humans to hear. However, certain animals are capable of hearing these high-frequency sounds. Bats are well-known for their ability to navigate and locate prey using echolocation, which involves emitting ultrasonic sounds and interpreting the echoes. Therefore, bats can hear the 18,500 cycle sound wave. Moths, on the other hand, have sensitive hearing organs that can detect ultrasonic sounds as a means of avoiding bats that use echolocation to hunt them. Thus, moths can also hear the sound wave. Cats, humans, and fish, however, cannot hear this frequency because their hearing ranges are limited to lower frequencies. Birds, while having a broader range of hearing than humans, also cannot hear this ultrasonic sound wave. Finally, crickets produce sounds in the audible range, so they cannot hear ultrasonic sounds either. In conclusion, only bats and moths can hear the 18,500 cycle sound wave.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
What is a benefit of using nonrenewable resources?
Sustainable energy
No pollution
Clean fuel
Saves money
Answer:
I would say Sustainable energy
Explanation:
nonrenewable resource refers to a natural features that is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed.