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Scientists do not actually know how life began, but they are developing theories based on observations and research. Oparin and Haldane hypothesized that life formed in pools of water containing common chemicals found in living organisms. What happened that resulted in this hypothesis being supported by other scientists? Group of answer choices Ancient organisms were discovered to be still on Earth. Further experimentation produced results that supported the hypothesis. All scientists had to agreed with the hypothesis. A chemist confirmed the hypothesis.
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Answer: The hypothesis proposed by Oparin and Haldane that life formed in pools of water containing common chemicals found in living organisms was supported by further experimentation and observations that produced results consistent with their hypothesis. Over time, other scientists conducted experiments and made observations that provided evidence to support the idea that life could have emerged from non-living matter in a primordial soup. While not all scientists may have agreed with the hypothesis, the accumulating evidence led to its acceptance as a plausible explanation for the origins of life on Earth. Therefore, the correct answer is "Further experimentation produced results that supported the hypothesis."
Explanation: Hope that covers it :)
2. Monosaccharides are to polysaccharides as amino acids are to
a. nucleic acids
c. polynucleotides
b. dipeptides
d. polypeptides
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Answer:
B. Dipeptides
Explanation: 2 amino acids make a dipeptide
The difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the nerve fiber when the nerve is at rest is ____ mv.
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The difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the nerve fiber when the nerve is at rest is -70 mv.
A neuron's inner is around 70 millivolts more negatively charged than its exterior when the cell is at rest (70 mV; note that this value varies depending on the species and type of neuron). This voltage, which is caused by fluctuations in the quantities of ions inside and outside the cell, is known as the resting membrane potential. If the membrane were equally permeable to all ions, each type of ion would pass through it, and the system would eventually reach equilibrium. Because ions cannot simply cross the membrane at will, there are different concentrations of some ions inside and outside the cell.Learn more about the resting membrane potential with the help of the given link:
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Describe how nuclear envelope dynamics are regulated during
mitosis
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During mitosis, the dynamics of the nuclear envelope are tightly regulated to ensure the proper segregation of genetic material. The regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics involves several key processes that facilitate its breakdown and reformation.
Firstly, the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, also known as nuclear envelope disassembly, is triggered by phosphorylation events. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) play crucial roles in phosphorylating specific proteins within the nuclear envelope, leading to its disassembly. These phosphorylation events promote the dissociation of nuclear pore complexes and the disassembly of the nuclear lamina, allowing the chromosomes to be released into the cytoplasm.
Secondly, the reformation of the nuclear envelope occurs during telophase, the final stage of mitosis. This process is regulated by the dephosphorylation of proteins that were phosphorylated during nuclear envelope disassembly. The dephosphorylation of these proteins allows the reassembly of the nuclear lamina and the reintegration of nuclear pore complexes. The nuclear envelope reforms around the chromatin, enclosing the separated sets of chromosomes within individual nuclei.
Overall, the regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics during mitosis is tightly controlled by the interplay of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. This precise regulation ensures the proper coordination of nuclear envelope disassembly and reformation, allowing for the faithful segregation of genetic material during cell division.
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one trophic level not shown on a food web is the decomposer. these organisms, which include bacteria, fungi, and some invertebrates, eat dead and decomposing organic matter. if you were to draw a decomposer on a food web, what arrows would be pointing to it?
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One trophic level not shown on a food web is the decomposer. these organisms, which include bacteria, fungi, and some invertebrates, eat dead and decomposing organic matter. if you were to draw a decomposer on a food web, the arrows would be pointing to it would be "Downward arrows" or "Arrow Pointing from Above."
The food web consists of a complex network of feeding relationships that exist between the various organisms present in an ecosystem. In a food web, the arrows point from the organism that gets eaten to the one that does the eating. The arrows represent the transfer of energy from one organism to another.The decomposers are the organisms that feed on the dead and decomposing organic matter, thereby returning the nutrients to the soil. Since they eat the dead organic matter, they do not have any predator or consumer, so they are not connected to any of the trophic levels on a food web. Therefore, there are no arrows pointing to them on the food web.
However, to show the presence of decomposers, a separate chain is added to the food web that starts from the dead organic matter and ends at the decomposers. In the case of the decomposers, the arrows would be pointing from above or downward arrows. This is because the decomposers are at the base of the food chain, and the arrows always point from the organism that is being eaten to the one that is doing the eating.
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many physical systems, tissues, and cells become more susceptible to injury and disease with advanced age. this increased susceptibility, or normal alterations over time in the body and its organ systems, is known as
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With advancing age, numerous physical systems, tissues, and cells become more prone to damage and illness. Ageing is the term used to describe these gradual changes in the body's organ systems and increased sensitivity.
Why does aging make humans more prone to illness?The immune system could experience the following changes: The immune system's reaction time slows down. This makes becoming sick more likely.
How does tissue development alter as we get older?Waste materials accumulate in tissue as we age. Many tissues accumulate lipofuscin, a fatty brown pigment, along with other fatty compounds. With aging, connective tissue becomes more rigid.. As a result, the airways, blood vessels, and organs get rigid.
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Plants that are generally rooted at the bottom and are completely underwater, except for seed heads or flowers.
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Answer:
Submerged plant.
Explanation:
An aquatic plant can be defined as any specie of plant that typically grows, lives or reproduces in bodies of water such as river, ocean, and sea. There are three (3) main types of aquatic plant and these includes;
I. Floating plant.
II. Emergent plant.
III. Submerged plant.
Submerged plant refer to plants that are generally rooted at the bottom and are completely underwater, except for seed heads or flowers. Some examples of submerged plants are eelgrass, coontail, hydrilla, pondweed, elodea, etc.
Describe how an action potential arriving at a presynaptic membrane of a neurone can result
In the depolarisation of the membrane of a post-synaptic neurone.
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2. Nat, moves sideways / attracted to areas at resting potential,A local circuit
3. causes, Na+ ion channels to open / 2nd depolarisation
4. (transmission) in one direction due to, hyperpolarisation / refractory period
5. myelin sheath / Schwann cell
sheath insulates, axon / dendron / neurone
6. depolarisation / action potential, only at nodes of Ranvier / unmyelinated part ora
7. saltatory conduction / action potential
'umps' from node to node
What features are present in both a plant cell and bacterial cell
A. Cell membrane, cell wall , and chloroplasts
B. Chloroplasts ,ribosome, and nucleus
C. Cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosome
D. Cell membrane, ribosome, and nucleus
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The features which are present in both a plant cell and bacterial cell are: D. Cell membrane, ribosome, and nucleus.
A cell can be defined as the basic (fundamental) functional and smallest unit of life found in all living organisms.
Cell organelles can be defined as the organs that are typically responsible for the performance of various tasks and functions in the body of a living organism, especially for the survival of the organism.
Some examples of cell organelles found in living organisms are:
Chloroplast. Mitochondria. Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Chromosome. Golgi apparatus (bodies). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Vesicles.Ribosome.In both a plant and bacterial cell, the following features are present:
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Which statement best represents a hypothesis that could be supported or not supported by evidence? A. Students should get more sleep if they want to do well on tests. B. If students get more sleep, they will perform better on tests. 0 C. How does sleep affect a student's performance on tests? D. Students who get more than eight hours of sleep will feel better on the day of a test.
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B. If students get more sleep, they will perform better on tests. 0 is the best statement represents a hypothesis that could be supported or not supported by evidence
The statement that best represents a hypothesis that could be supported or not supported by evidence is option B: "If students get more sleep, they will perform better on tests." This statement presents a clear cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and test performance, allowing for the possibility of gathering evidence to either support or refute the hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through observation and experimentation. In this case, the hypothesis suggests that increasing sleep duration will lead to improved test performance in students. By conducting research and collecting data on the sleep habits and test scores of students, it is possible to gather evidence that supports or contradicts the hypothesis.
The other options (A, C, and D) do not present hypotheses that can be as easily tested or measured. Option A states a general recommendation without a specific cause-and-effect relationship. Option C poses a broad question without making a specific prediction. Option D suggests a correlation between sleep duration and feeling better on the day of a test, but it does not directly address test performance. Therefore, option B is the most suitable hypothesis for investigating the relationship between sleep and test performance. Therefore, Option B is correct.
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According to the mechanism of natural selection, explain how the change you described in part (a) will occur.
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Natural selection favors traits that confer a reproductive advantage, leading to their increased frequency in a population over time.
Natural selection is the process by which advantageous traits are more likely to be passed on to future generations. Individuals with traits that increase their likelihood of survival and reproduction are more likely to produce offspring with those traits, leading to their increased frequency in the population over time.
Conversely, traits that decrease an individual's reproductive success will become less common. This process drives the evolution of populations over time, as advantageous traits become more prevalent and less advantageous traits become rarer. Overall, natural selection is a powerful mechanism for shaping the diversity of life on Earth.
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How are alleles represented in genetics?
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Biologists refer to dominant alleles as uppercase letters and recessive alleles as lowercase letters when referring to genotype.
What are alleles?Genetics and evolution define an allele as a variant of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same location on a lengthy DNA molecule.
The variant DNA sequences at a locus are known as alleles, and the chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is referred to as a locus.
Alleles can be identified using just one capital or lowercase letter, two, three, or more letters, or letter/number combinations. Superscripts, subscripts, or both may be present in alleles.
Alleles that are recessive are denoted by lowercase letters, while dominant alleles are denoted by capital letters.
Thus, this way, the alleles are represented.
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Describe one path carbon can take through the environment (through the systems and bodies of living things and back in our land, oceans, and atmosphere). Be sure to include at least five specific places that the carbon atom can be found as it makes its cycle.
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Carbon is stored on our planet in the following major sinks :
(1) as organic molecules in living and dead organisms found in the biosphere.
(2) as the gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
(3) as organic matter in soils.
(4) in the lithosphere as fossil fuels and sedimentary rock deposits such as limestone dolomite and chalk.
(5) in the oceans as dissolved atmospheric carbon dioxide and as calcium carbonate shells in marine organisms.
The picture shows a cell model and the solutions
associated with it. In this situation the cell model will
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Answer:
Increase in solute content
Explanation:
oping
Clehtific knowledge
Fill in the blanks with the word that best completes each statement.
Scientists develop knowledge by making
about the natural world that may lead to a
scientific question
A scientific question may lead to a(n)
which can be tested.
The results of
can lead to changes in scientific knowledge.
) Intro
Done
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As filtrate moves through the ascending limb of the nephron loop, it becomes ___ concentrated because ___.
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As the filtrate moves through the ascending limb of the nephron, it becomes less concentrated because more ions are absorbed.
The ascending loop of the Henle has two regions:
Thick ascending loop of the Henle.Thin ascending loop of the Henle.These loops of the henle are impermeable to water but permeable to Na⁺, K⁺ , and Cl⁻ ions, so these ions are reabsorbed in this section. As the ions move out of the filtrate, the concentration of the filtrate decreases.
So, the correct answer is ' less; ions are reabsorbed '.
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Raising and cultivating fish and shellfish in controlled bodies of water is known as _________________________________.
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The process of raising and cultivating fish and shellfish in controlled bodies of water is known as Aquaculture.
What is Aquaculture?Aquaculture, also called aquafarming, is the breeding and raising of fish, shellfish, plants, and other organisms in controlled bodies of water, including ponds, tanks, and oceans. Fish farming is a significant component of the aquaculture industry, with carp, salmon, tilapia, and catfish being the most commonly raised fish species in the world.The goal of aquaculture is to produce food in a manner that is environmentally sustainable and economically viable.
Aquaculture has the potential to address some of the world's food insecurity problems by increasing the supply of fish and other aquatic products, which are important sources of protein and other essential nutrients, especially in developing countries. It also offers a way to decrease the pressure on wild fish stocks, which are already overexploited in many regions.Overall, Aquaculture is a wide area and the concept is very vast which needs a long answer.
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Which biological property of a pathogen could block the successful design of an effective vaccine? Group of answer choices
Expresses one immunodominant antigen shared amongst all strains
Has high antigenic variation through increased mutation rates
Lack of infrastructure required to transport and store vaccines
Stimulates robust immune memory response
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High antigenic variation through increased mutation rates. The biological property of a pathogen that could block the successful design of an effective vaccine is having a high antigenic variation through increased mutation rates.
Antigenic variation is a biological property of pathogens that involves changes in their antigenic structure, and it could block the successful design of an effective vaccine. Increased mutation rates cause the emergence of new antigenic variants that are different from previously existing ones. This makes it challenging to design a vaccine that targets all the existing antigenic variants, particularly if they are continually emerging or evolving. This means that even if an effective vaccine is intended for a particular variant, it may not be effective against other variants, limiting its efficacy.
Antigenic variation is common in RNA viruses like influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. The influenza virus has a high mutation rate, which explains why people need to get vaccinated annually because the vaccine efficacy reduces due to the emergence of new strains. HIV also undergoes antigenic variation, which makes it challenging to design a vaccine that targets all existing strains.
In conclusion, the high antigenic variation through increased mutation rates is a biological property of pathogens that could block the successful design of an effective vaccine.
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Your patient weights 176lbs. The order is to have Heparin 25,000units in 250ml of NS increased to 10units/kg/hr. Calculate this infusion rate in ml/hr.
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The infusion rate is 7.9832 ml/hr. As per the given information, the patient weight is 176 lbs and the order is to have Heparin 25,000 units in 250 ml of NS increased to 10 units/kg/hr.
As per the given information, the patient weight is 176 lbs and the order is to have Heparin 25,000 units in 250 ml of NS increased to 10 units/kg/hr.
To calculate the infusion rate in ml/hr, we need to follow the steps given below:
Step 1: Convert the patient's weight in kg
Patient's weight in kg = Patient's weight in lbs ÷ 2.2046= 176 ÷ 2.2046= 79.832 kg
Step 2: Calculate the total dosage of Heparin
Total dosage of Heparin = 25,000 units
Step 3: Calculate the infusion rate in ml/hr.
Infusion rate (ml/hr) = Total dosage of Heparin ÷ Volume of the solution ÷ time in hours
Infusion rate (ml/hr) = (10 units/kg/hr × 79.832 kg × 1 hr) ÷ (25,000 units ÷ 250 ml)Infusion rate (ml/hr) = (798.32 units/hr) ÷ (100 units/ml)Infusion rate (ml/hr) = 7.9832 ml/hr
Therefore, the infusion rate is 7.9832 ml/hr.
Hence, answer is as follows: Given Information: Patient's weight = 176 lbs
Heparin dosage = 25,000 units in 250 ml of NS
Dosage increased to = 10 units/kg/hrThe patient's weight needs to be converted from pounds to kilograms before calculating the infusion rate.
1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds.
Patient's weight in kg = 176 ÷ 2.2046 = 79.832 kg
The next step is to calculate the total Heparin dosage: Total dosage of Heparin = 25,000 units
The final step is to calculate the infusion rate in ml/hr using the following formula: Infusion rate (ml/hr) = Total dosage of Heparin ÷ Volume of the solution ÷ time in hours
Infusion rate (ml/hr) = (10 units/kg/hr × 79.832 kg × 1 hr) ÷ (25,000 units ÷ 250 ml)
Infusion rate (ml/hr) = (798.32 units/hr) ÷ (100 units/ml)Infusion rate (ml/hr) = 7.9832 ml/hr
Therefore, the infusion rate is 7.9832 ml/hr.
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Which one is different in RNA than DNA
A:Guanine
B:Adenine
C:Uracil
D:Cytosine
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Answer:I go with a
Explanation:
How do male bears fighting over female bears result in an overall better adapted beat population?
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This phenomenon produces a better generation because competition gives rise to a most adapted population with higher fitness.
What is natural selection?Natural selection refers to the differential reproduction of individuals in a population which lead to its evolution across time.
The better-adapted individuals will have more chances to reproduce and therefore they will perpetuate their genes in the offspring (next generation).
In conclusion, this phenomenon produces a better generation because competition gives rise to a most adapted population with higher fitness.
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How is genetic variation beneficial to a population ?
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True or false - DNA and RNA store heredity to make proteins?
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in my own opinion I think it's false ..,
A biotech company’s successful exit strategy may include all of the following except
a. IPO
b. Acquisition
c. Joint Venture
d. Bankruptcy
e. Royalty Payments
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A biotech company’s successful exit strategy may include all of the following except Bankruptcy. Option d is correct.
Bankruptcy is not a desirable exit strategy for any company, including biotech companies. The other options listed are all potential exit strategies that a biotech company may pursue to maximize returns for investors and shareholders. An IPO (initial public offering) allows a company to raise capital by selling shares of stock to the public.
Acquisition involves selling the company to another entity, often a larger company in the same industry. A joint venture is a partnership between two companies to pursue a specific project or goal. Royalty payments are a type of revenue-sharing agreement in which a company receives a percentage of sales from a product or technology that they have licensed to another entity. Hence Option d is correct.
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Why is it important for each cell to be surrounded by a cell membrane that prevents large molecules from leaving the cell?
Answers
Explanation:
because cell membrane protect the cell
During respiration, oxygen will combine with haemoglobin to form a new substance. Write down the word equation for this reaction in the space below
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Answer:
The overall (unbalanced) chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6+O2→CO2+H2O+energy.
The pedigree below depicts a dominant trait. What is the genotype of individual I-1 (use the letter A for a dominant allele and a for a recessive allele)? How did you come to this conclusion? Using your best grammar, write 3-5 sentences.
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Individual I-1 is heterozygous (Aa) for the dominant trait. This is because they have a child (II-1) who is homozygous recessive (aa). The only way for this to happen is if individual I-1 is heterozygous.
What is the conclusion on the pedigree?Pedigree analysis: A pedigree is a diagram that shows the inheritance of a trait from parents to offspring. In this pedigree, the dominant trait is represented by a solid symbol and the recessive trait is represented by an open symbol.
Genotype: The genotype of an individual is their genetic makeup, or the combination of alleles that they have for a particular trait. The phenotype of an individual is their physical appearance, which is determined by their genotype and the environment.
Heterozygous: An individual is heterozygous for a trait if they have one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This means that they have the potential to express the dominant trait, but they may also express the recessive trait if they are in an environment that is not favorable for the dominant trait.
Homozygous: An individual is homozygous for a trait if they have two copies of the same allele for that trait. This means that they will always express the trait, regardless of the environment.
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Describe an interstitial site, and name various classifications
in cubic cells and the respective coordination numbers.
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Interstitial site is a type of point defect in a crystal structure that forms when an additional atom or molecule is inserted between atoms in the crystal structure.
In contrast to substitutional impurities, interstitial impurities do not substitute for existing atoms; instead, they enter the lattice structure in the voids between atoms.
The atom is not part of the crystalline lattice, but it can occupy interstices that are not occupied by atoms of the main lattice. They can be easily distinguished from vacancies since interstitial sites are the addition of atoms and vacancies are the absence of atoms. Classification of interstitial sites in cubic cells is given below:
1. Body-centered cubic (bcc)
Classification Coordination number Examples
Tetrahedral 4 Li in Fe, C in bcc metals
Octahedral 6H in bcc metals
2. Face-centered cubic (fcc) Classification Coordination number
Examples Tetrahedral 4Interstitial C in Ni, H in fcc metals
Octahedral 6O in fcc metals
The octahedral void is an interstitial site created when a cube is surrounded by six equidistant atoms and has an atom in the middle.
The tetrahedral void is a space created when four equidistant atoms surround a central point, resulting in a tetrahedron.
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Why can't humans grow limbs?
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Answer:
Except they do!
Explanation:
Arms, Legs
Do Orcas provide oxygen?
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orcas are a mammal and needs oxygen like humans, they have blowhole on the top of their head which help them breathe.
whenever they need oxygen, they come outside the water and take-up oxygen.
Like humans, they have lungs but is unable to take up oxygen all the time.
The whales can also store up oxygen as they have high content of hemoglobin and utilize it by slowing the metabolic rates and heart rates, while resting.
And they also cannot breathe through their mouth as the trachea is not connected to the whale throats.
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