which law motion is used to explain how to a rocket takes off

Answer:

joules

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a system to its surroundings or from one object to another as a result of a difference in temperature. Heat is measured in joules (J).

Explanation: Mrk me brainliest please

Answer: Joules or calories

The Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause forbid the government from establishing a national religion or preventing citizens from practicing any particular religion, respectively.

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In a physical change, the substance's shape or appearance changes, but the type of matter it contains stays the same. But when matter undergoes a chemical change, at least one new substance with novel properties is created.

Chemical synthesis, or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances, occurs when one substance reacts with another to create a new substance.

Physical modifications are those that affect a chemical substance's form but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are usually unable to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds, but they can be used to separate mixtures into their component compounds.

An overview was given as your information is incomplete.

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The results indicate that the reaction was performed at an elevated temperature, which can have a significant impact on the outcome. In general, elevated temperatures can increase reaction rates and lead to the formation of different products.

The negative result for the presence of phenols with ferric chloride test suggests that the final product does not contain any phenolic groups, which would typically give a positive result with this test. This could be due to the reaction conditions leading to the formation of a different product, or it could be due to the elevated temperature causing the degradation or rearrangement of the original starting material.

The melting point of the final product being 122-125°C is consistent with this conclusion, as it suggests that the product is different from the expected one. The melting point of a substance is a physical property that is dependent on the molecular structure and bonding, so a significant change in the melting point indicates that the final product has a different structure from the expected product.

It is important to note that the reaction conditions and the final product could be significantly different from what was intended, so the results should be interpreted with caution and further investigation is needed to determine the exact structure of the final product.

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Answer:

This question lacks options. The options are:

A. The two substances underwent a physical change

B. The two substances were melting

C. A new substance was forming

D. A change in the mass of the two substances

The answer is C

Explanation:

Changes in chemistry can either be physical or chemical. A physical change as the name implies does not alter the chemical content of the susbtances involved. However, chemical changes affect the chemical composition of the substances, hence, new substances are produced.

A chemical change is also characterized with a color change, temperature change, gas evolution etc. In this question, Mia mixed two substances in a test tube and noticed that the test tube became warm, gas came out from the test tube. This implies a CHEMICAL CHANGE, LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF NEW SUBSTANCES.

If the initial amount of radionuclide is 50 mci and the half-life is 75 days. Then, the activity remaining after 200 days is approximately 2.19515 mCi.

To determine the activity remaining after a certain time, we can use the radioactive decay equation;

A = A₀ × \((1/2)^{(t}\) / T₁/₂)

Where; A is the remaining activity after time t

A₀ is the initial activity

T₁/₂ is the half-life of the radionuclide

Given; A₀ = 50 mCi (millicuries)

T₁/₂ = 75 days

t = 200 days

Plugging in the values into the equation, we get;

A = 50 mCi × (1/2)²⁰⁰ / 75)

Calculating this expression, we find;

A ≈ 50 mCi × 0.043903

A ≈ 2.19515 mCi

Therefore, the activity remaining after 200 days will be 2.19515 mCi.

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To write the net ionic equations for the given acids behaving as acids in water, we first need to know their ionization reactions in water. When acids are added to water, they donate a proton (H+) to the water molecule, forming hydronium ions (H3O+).

The remaining part of the acid molecule, which has lost the proton, is called the conjugate base.
For nitric acid (HNO3), the ionization reaction in water is:
HNO3 + H2O(l) → H3O+ + NO3-
The net ionic equation is:
H+ + H2O(l) → H3O+
For hydrocyanic acid (HCN), the ionization reaction in water is:
HCN + H2O(l) → H3O+ + CN-
The net ionic equation is:
H+ + H2O(l) → H3O+
For ascorbic acid (H2C6H6O6), the first ionization reaction in water is:
H2C6H6O6 + H2O(l) → H3O+ + HC6H6O6-
The net ionic equation is:
H+ + H2O(l) → H3O+
In all the above reactions, the acids donate a proton to the water molecule, forming hydronium ions, and the conjugate base is formed. The net ionic equation shows only the species that are directly involved in the reaction and excludes spectator ions.

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Explanation:

Speed is the rate of an object moving along a path, whereas velocity is the direction of motion

Electricity is the flow of electric charge

Answer:

Describe the scientific method/process and list its steps:

The scientific method consists of six steps:

1. Define purpose

2. Construct hypothesis

3. Test the hypothesis and collect data

4. Analyze data

5. Draw conclusion

6. Communicate results

But what is it?

The scientific method is a process with the help of which scientists try to investigate, verify, or construct an accurate and reliable version of any natural phenomena.

-

Define speed and velocity:

Speed is the quantitative measure of how quickly something is moving. Velocity defines the direction of the movement of the body or the object. Speed is primarily a scalar quantity. Velocity is essentially a vector quantity. It is the rate of change of distance.

List the three Laws of Isaac Newton and provide an example for each law.

1 -  An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. It may be seen as a statement about inertia, that objects will remain in their state of motion unless a force acts to change the motion.

(example: A coin put on top of a paper on the table will stay in place when the paper is pulled.)

2 - That force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration, i.e. F = m*a.

(example: A truck which carries less mass will have a bigger acceleration that a truck which carries more mass)

3 - States that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

(example: Our hand feels pain when we hit the table because the table gives force as a reaction to our hand)

List the two types of waves.

1. Mechanical Wave -->  A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter and is responsible for the transfer of energy through a medium.

2. Electromagnetic Wave -->  Electromagnetic waves are created by a fusion of electric and magnetic fields. The light you see, the colours around you are visible because of electromagnetic waves.

-

What is electricity?

Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge.

-

Discuss what is electromagnetism.

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that is about the electromagnetic force that is between electrically charged particles. Electromagnetism is the basic reason why the electrons are bound to the nucleus and responsible for the complete structure of the nucleus!

Answer:

The final temperature will be "12.37°".

Explanation:

The given values are:

mass,

m = 0.125 kg

Initial temperature,

c = 22.0°C

Time,

Δt = 4.5 min

As we know,

⇒  \(q=mc \Delta t\)

On putting the estimated values, we get

⇒     \(=0.125\times 22.0\times 4.5\)

⇒     \(=12.37^{\circ}\)

Explanation:

The valence number represents the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. Interestingly, in a group 1 -8 periodic tale, the number represents the valence electrons.

Thus means that group 3 electrons have a valency of 3; that is all group 3 elements have 3 electrons in their outermost shell.

Metals easily lose electrons rather than gain electrons while non metals gain electrons.

In the periodic table; groups 1, 2, 3 represents metals and from group 4 upwards we have non metals.

Going through the options now, the correct option is;

3:if the valence electron number is either 1,2 or 3 then it is a Metal and if the valence electron number is either 4,5 or 6 then it is a Non Metal

Group  7 elements ( Valency of 7) are also non metals.

Answer:

Carbon dioxide goes in and oxogen comes out

P.S. Sunlight needed for this process to work

Explanation:

An infrared wave has a wavelength of 0.00005 m. this wavelength in scientific notation is 5.0 × 10⁻⁵ m.

Scientific notation is also called as standard form. Scientific notation is used to express the number that is too large number  or too small is  convenient written in a decimal form. scientific notation contains two part decimal number multiply power of 10.

given data is as follows :

infrared wave has wavelength = 0.000005 m

the scientific notation of the wavelength given is = 5.0 × 10⁻⁵ m

Thus, An infrared wave has a wavelength of 0.00005 m. this wavelength in scientific notation is 5.0 × 10⁻⁵.

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Answer:

i think it's D

Because O is added to Na

and

H is added to Cl

Answer:

d. NaCl + H2So4 --> Na2 SO4 + 2HCl

Explanation:

The reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a redox reaction.
In a redox reaction, one reactant loses electrons and is oxidized, while the other reactant gains electrons and is reduced. In this reaction, sodium chloride is oxidized and sulfuric acid is reduced.

Sodium chloride is oxidized because it loses an electron to sulfuric acid. The oxidation state of sodium in sodium chloride is +1, and the oxidation state of sodium in sodium sulfate is +2. This means that sodium has lost an electron.

Sulfuric acid is reduced because it gains an electron from sodium chloride. The oxidation state of sulfur in sulfuric acid is +6, and the oxidation state of sulfur in sodium sulfate is +4. This means that sulfur has gained an electron.

The overall reaction can be written as follows:

NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + HCl

This reaction is a redox reaction because it involves the transfer of electrons between sodium chloride and sulfuric acid.

Answer:

meter or metric system

Explanation:

The reason why ruthenium does not have a noble gas configuration is because it does not follow the Aufbau principle.

The  Aufbau principle is the principle that can be applied when we are filling the electrons that are in a substance into energy levels. We know that the  Aufbau principle states that in the filling of electrons into energy levels, we tend to fill the energy levels that have a lesser energy before we fill in the electrons into the orbitals that have a higher energy.

There are standard rules that need to be applied in the filling of electrons into orbitals. These rules are not followed by all the atoms and such there are some atoms that disobey the  Aufbau principle.

Ruthenium is one of the elements whose atoms do not follow the  Aufbau principle when we are filling electrons into its orbitals. As such, when we are filling the electrons into the orbitals we have to write; [Kr] 4d^7 5s1. This is why it does not have a noble gas configuration.

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The different possible ways of arranging the particles of a system are called states. The greater the number of these states, the higher the entropy of the system.

By ascribing definite values to a satisfactory amount of variables, one can define the state of a system. In simple terms, it is the description of a system condition in terms of properties that are measurable or observable, for example, pressure, temperature, etc.

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system, and an increase in the number of states corresponds to an increase in entropy. The S.I. unit for entropy is joules per kelvin. Entropy is a measurable physical property. In a thermodynamic system, it is an extensive property.

Example: There is an increase in entropy when a block of ice melts.

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In a sample of ground beef, there were 18.9% protein and 21.4% fat, both expressed in mass. Therefore, 125g of ground beef has 147.5 kilocalories.

The now-defunct kinetic theory of heat served as the basis for the calorie, a unit of energy. For historical reasons, the term "calorie" has two main definitions that are often employed.

Originally, the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kg of water by one degree Celsius was referred to as a large calorie, dinner calorie, dietary nutrient, and kilo calorie (or one kelvin). A minuscule calorie or tiny calorie is the term used to describe the quantity of heat needed to produce the same increase in one kilogram of water.

The needed number of calories for ground beef is m.

protein in it = .18m

fat in it =  .21m

1 gram of protein gives 4 cals .

1 gram of fat gives 9 cals .

4 x .18m  + 9 x  .21m = 350

m = 147.5kilocalories

Therefore, 125g of ground beef has 147.5 kilocalories.

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To make a 1% agarose gel, weigh 1 g of agarose powder and dissolve it in 100 ml of electrophoresis buffer by heating and stirring.

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique in molecular biology for separating DNA fragments. To prepare a 1% agarose gel, first, weigh 1 g of agarose powder and add it to 100 ml of electrophoresis buffer (such as TAE or TBE). Heat the mixture while stirring until the agarose powder dissolves completely. Allow the solution to cool until it reaches approximately 60°C.

Then, pour the solution into a casting tray with a comb inserted. Allow the gel to solidify at room temperature for about 30 minutes. After the gel is solidified, carefully remove the comb and place the gel into the electrophoresis chamber. Fill the chamber with electrophoresis buffer and carefully load the DNA samples into the wells. Run the gel at a suitable voltage until the desired separation is achieved.

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The compound that is a network solid at STP is SiC (Silicon Carbide). A network solid, also known as a covalent solid, is a chemical substance in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material.

A network solid is a type of solid that is usually hard, brittle, and has a high melting point.The molecular formula of silicon carbide (SiC) is SiC, which is a covalent compound containing one atom of silicon (Si) and one atom of carbon (C) that are connected by a covalent bond. At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), SiC exists in the solid state as a network of atoms that are linked together by covalent bonds forming a giant macromolecular lattice.

The compound has a high melting point, is extremely hard and brittle, and is an excellent electrical and thermal conductor, and it is commonly used in the manufacturing of semiconductors, high-performance ceramics, and abrasives. C (SiC) Is correct.

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If 180 grams of sugar is dissolved in 100 grams of water at 20˚C, this solution would be considered saturated.

Sugar is the generic term for a variety of sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, most of which are utilized in food. Glucose, fructose, as well as galactose are examples of simple sugars, often known as monosaccharides.

Compound sugars are molecules composed of two bound monosaccharides; typical examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), as well as maltose (two molecules of glucose). If 180 grams of sugar is dissolved in 100 grams of water at 20˚C, this solution would be considered saturated.

Therefore, if 180 grams of sugar is dissolved in 100 grams of water at 20˚C, this solution would be considered saturated.

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The specific heat of the metal alloy is 0.288 J/g°C.

The specific heat of a metal alloy can be calculated using the equation for heat transfer:

q = m × ΔT × c

where q is the heat transfer, m is the mass of the metal alloy, ΔT is the change in temperature, and c is the specific heat of the metal alloy.

We are given that the metal alloy has a mass of 45 g and that it caused a temperature change in 100 g of water from 25 °C to 37 °C, so we can use the equation to find the specific heat:

q = (100 g) × (37 - 25) × c = (100 g) × 12 × c

q = 45 g × (85 - 37) × c = 45 g × 48 × c

So, solving for c:

c = q / (m × ΔT) = (45 g × 48) / (100 g × 12) = 0.288 J/g°C

Therefore, the specific heat of the metal alloy is 0.288 J/g°C. This means that it takes 0.288 joules of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the metal alloy by 1 degree Celsius.

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The heat capacity of an object is a measure of how much heat it must absorb or release to change its temperature by a certain amount.

The units for specific heat capacity (C) are Joules per gram per degree Celsius or Calories per gram per degree Celsius.

The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 Joules per gram per degree Celsius, which is greater than that of many other substances.

Specifically, it is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one unit of mass by one degree Celsius. This means that water can absorb a lot of heat energy without experiencing a large increase in temperature. The high specific heat capacity of water results in slow changes to the temperature of a large body of water, such as a lake or ocean. This can have important effects on climate and weather patterns, as well as on the distribution and abundance of aquatic life.

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To determine the molarity of the dichromate in the volumetric flask before it reacts with the Fe(II) in the sample, please follow these steps.

1. Identify the initial concentration and volume of the dichromate solution. This information is usually given in the problem or can be found through a series of calculations.

2. Calculate the moles of dichromate ions using the initial concentration and volume. To do this, use the formula: moles = concentration x volume.

3. Find the volume of the volumetric flask. This information is typically given in the problem or can be measured.

4. Determine the molarity of the dichromate in the volumetric flask. To do this, use the formula: molarity = moles / volume of the flask.

By following these steps, you can determine the molarity of the dichromate in the volumetric flask before it reacts with the Fe(II) in the sample.

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The measured Kc is different from the calculated Kc, the system is not at equilibrium. There is either too much hydrogen iodide and/or too little hydrogen and/or iodine in the cylinder.

To determine whether the system is at equilibrium, we can use the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction;

H₂(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is;

Kc = [HI]² / [H₂] [I₂]

We are given the partial pressures of each component in the cylinder, so we can calculate the concentrations using the ideal gas law.

[P] = n/V = (m/M) / V

where P is the partial pressure, n is the number of moles, V is the volume, m is the mass, M is the molar mass, and the square brackets denote concentration.

For hydrogen (H₂)

[P] = n/V = (m/M) / V

[m/M] = [P] x V

[m/M] = 0.127 atm x V / R x T

For iodine (I₂)

[P] = n/V = (m/M) / V

[m/M] = [P] x V

[m/M] = 0.134 atm x V / R x T

For hydrogen iodide (HI)

[P] = n/V = (m/M) / V

[m/M] = [P] x V

[m/M] = 1.055 atm x V / R x T

Switching these expressions into the equilibrium constant expression, we get;

Kc = ([HI]/V)² / ([H₂]/V) x ([I2]/V)

Kc = ([HI]² / V²) / ([H₂] x [I2] / V²)

Put in the values we get:

Kc = [(1.055 atm / V)² / (0.127 atm / V) x (0.134 atm / V)]

Kc = 8.37 atm² / V²

If the system is at equilibrium, the measured concentrations should give the same value for Kc as calculated above. If the measured Kc is different, then the system is not at equilibrium.

Therefore, we can calculate the measured Kc as;

Kc = ([HI]² / V²) / ([H₂] x [I2] / V²)

Kc = [(1.055 atm / V)² / (0.127 atm / V) x (0.134 atm / V)]

Kc = 8.87 atm² / V²

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The pH at the equivalence point for the titration of 20.00 mL of 0.0250 M formic acid with standard 0.0250 M NaOH is 3.74.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

HCOOH + NaOH → H₂O + NaHCOO⁻

Firstly, let's calculate the number of moles of formic acid in 20.00 mL of 0.0250 M formic acid.

Number of moles = concentration × volume

Number of moles = 0.0250 M × 20.00 × 10⁻³ L

Number of moles = 5.00 × 10⁻⁴ mol

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between formic acid and NaOH tells us that one mole of formic acid reacts with one mole of NaOH to form one mole of NaHCOO⁻.

Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH required for complete neutralization of 5.00 × 10⁻⁴ mol of formic acid is also 5.00 × 10⁻⁴ mol.

As the concentration of NaOH is also 0.0250 M, the volume of NaOH required for complete neutralization can be calculated as follows;

Number of moles = concentration × volume

Volume = number of moles / concentration

Volume = (5.00 × 10⁻⁴ mol) / (0.0250 M)

Volume = 0.0200 L or 20.00 mL

So, the volume of NaOH required for complete neutralization is 20.00 mL.

The pH at the equivalence point can be calculated using the following formula;

pH = pKa + log [salt]/[acid]

Here, the salt is sodium formate (NaHCOO⁻) and the acid is formic acid (HCOOH).

At the equivalence point, the number of moles of HCOOH = number of moles of NaHCOO⁻ . Therefore, the concentration of HCOOH and NaHCOO⁻ would be the same.

Concentration of HCOOH = Number of moles / Volume = 0.0250 M

Concentration of NaHCOO- = Number of moles / Volume = 0.0250 M

Therefore, the ratio of [salt] / [acid] = 1.

Substituting the values into the formula;

pH = pKa + log [salt]/[acid]

pH = 3.74 + log 1

pH = 3.74

Therefore, the pH at the equivalence point for the titration of 20.00 mL of 0.0250 M formic acid with standard 0.0250 M NaOH is 3.74.

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Answer: a) The pH of the MES buffer prepared using 0.3616 g NaOH is 6.5. b) 0.3616 g NaOH is required to be added to the MES solution to make a buffer at pH 6.5

pH of 1 liter of a 200 mM MES aqueous solution can be obtained as follows: Let x be the quantity of NaOH in grams needed to be added to the MES solution to create a buffer at pH 6.5.The volume of the solution (assuming a density of 1 g/mL) can be determined as follows :

To prepare 1 L of the buffer, the total quantity of NaOH required will be:The final concentration of MES in the buffer can be calculated as follows:To calculate the pH of the buffer, we can make use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Hence, the pH of the MES buffer prepared using 0.3616 g NaOH is 6.5.

The mass of NaOH that needs to be added to prepare the MES buffer at pH 6.5 can be calculated as follows:To prepare a buffer with a pH of 6.5, 0.3616 g NaOH is required.

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A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions that share or transfer valence electrons.

Answer:the liquid

Explanation: its harmful

The grams of the magnesium metal present is 40.56 g.

Let us recall that the magnesium hydroxide is composed of two ions and these are the magnesium ions and the hydroxide ions.

Looking at the ions that we have we now would be able to find the number of moles of the compound that we have from the formula;

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 97.8 g/58 g/mol

= 1.69 moles

The amount of the magnesium ions here is 1.69 moles

Mass of the metal = 1.69 moles * 24 g/mol

= 40.56 g

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