which greenhouse gas listed here has the longest atmospheric lifetime? carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide all greenhouse gases have approximately the same atmospheric lifetimes

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer:

ones in magnets r close together while others can be spread apart

The hydronium ion concentration when pH = 7 is :  8.75 * 10⁻⁹ mole/liter

Given that :

pH = 8.0

Hydronium ion concentration = 1 * 10⁻⁸ mole/liter

Resolving the question

8.0 = 1 * 10⁻⁸ mole/liter

7.0 =  x

therefore :

x = 7 ( 1 * 10⁻⁸ ) / 8.0

  = 8.75 * 10⁻⁹ mole/liter

Hence we can conclude that The hydronium ion concentration when pH = 7 is :  8.75 * 10⁻⁹ mole/liter

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Two substances, a and b were heated. Both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.

Changes within the size or form of matter are examples of physical change. Physical changes include transitions from one state to a different , like from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting are a number of the processes that create physical changes.

Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that doesn't change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical process in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances combine or break up to form new substances.

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Answer:

Carbon atoms each form four strong bonds. The bonds are covalent (atoms share electrons). This gives graphite its characteristic properties such as high melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity, and softness. Use as pencil 'lead', as a lubricant in oil, furnace linings, electrodes, neutron moderators in nuclear power stations.

Diamond atoms each form three strong covalent bonds in the same layer and one weak bond to an atom in another layer.  Diamonds have a high level of hardness, thermal conductivity, and optical dispersion. It is used for jewellery, oil-well drills, abrasives and cutting tools.

Explanation:

Structure of Graphite and Diamond (attached below):

In structure (a), four pairs of electrons give tetrahedral electron geometry. The lone pair would cause lone pair-bonded pair repulsions and would have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.

In structure (b), five pairs of electrons give trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position to minimize lone pair-bonded pair repulsions, and the molecule would have a square pyramidal molecular geometry.

In structure (c), six pairs of electrons give octahedral electron geometry. The two lone pairs would occupy opposite positions to minimize lone pair-lone pair repulsions, and the molecule would have a square planar molecular geometry.

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According to the law of conservation of mass, matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction, and the total mass of the reactants will be equal to the total mass of the products. In other words, the amount of matter before the reaction will be the same as the amount of matter after the reaction.

In the case of Keesha's chemical reaction, although the products looked quite different from the reactants, the total mass remained unchanged. This means that the chemical reaction resulted in the rearrangement of atoms, but the total number of atoms remained constant. Bonds between atoms were broken and new bonds were formed to create new substances, but no atoms were gained or lost in the process.

It is important to note that the law of conservation of mass only applies to closed systems where no matter enters or leaves. In an open system, such as a reaction that occurs in an open container where gas can escape, the mass may appear to change due to the loss or gain of matter. However, in a closed system, the law of conservation of mass holds true.

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Answer:

3 ans

Explanation:

bend toward the south pole of a magnet

Answer:

Water

Explanation:

Water is a chemical molecule structurally consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom to form the chemical formula, H2O. It is geometrically a bent shape due to electron position in each atom that makes it up.

Water is the only molecule on Earth that exists in the three different states of matter. This means that water can exist in a solid, liquid and gaseous form.

- Water as a SOLID is called ICE

- Water as a LIQUID is called WATER

- Water as a GAS is called VAPOUR

Answer:

Chemical Change

Explanation:

Mixing these elements together creates a chemical change

Making of a salad dressing is a physical change  as there is no change in the chemical composition.

Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.

Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.

They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.

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In chemistry, the density of many substances is often compared to that of water. It has a density of 1 g/cm3, which makes it easy to remember and a good point of reference for other substances.

For example, if a substance has a density of 0.7 g/cm3, you can immediately tell that it is less dense than water and will therefore float in it.

This property of water also makes it an ideal medium for many chemical reactions, as most substances will easily dissolve in it and react with each other without the need to be heated or mixed in a special environment. This makes it an essential component of many laboratory experiments, as it can be used to create solutions quickly and safely.

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The K value of 5.62 x 10-102A may be used to determine the hydroxide concentration of an equilibrium ammonia solution at a concentration of 0.10 molar. The equilibrium constant for the reaction of ammonia with water to produce ammonium and hydroxide ions is known as the K value.

The reaction's equation is as follows: NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH- This equation is used to determine the K value: K = [NH3][NH4+][OH-] The K value may be modified to get the hydroxide concentration .

Since the ammonia concentration is 0.10 molar: [OH-] = K x [NH3] = 5.62 x 10-102A x 0.10 = 3.17 x 10-12 molar As a result, the hydroxide concentration of an equilibrium ammonia solution at 0.10 molar is 3.17 x 10-12 molar.

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Answer: 2

Explanation:

To calculate the moles :

\(\text{Moles of solute}=\frac{\text{given mass}}{\text{Molar Mass}}\)

\(\text{Moles of} Fe_3O_4=\frac{275g}{233.5g/mol}=1.18moles\)

\(3Fe(s)+4H_2O(g)\rightarrow Fe_3O_4(s)+4H_2(g)\)  

According to stoichiometry :

1 mole of \(Fe_3O_4\) are produced by = 4 moles of \(H_2O\)

Thus 1.18 moles of \(Fe_3O_4\) will be produced by=\(\frac{4}{1}\times 1.18=4.72moles\)  of \(H_2O\)

Mass of \(H_2O=moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=4.72moles\times 18g/mol=85.0g\)

Thus 85.0  g of \(H_2O\) will be required and 2 steps are required to get the answer.

Answer:

C. Helium Atom

Explanation:

Helium has less mass than hydrogen, proton, and electron

The molar mass of the compound is 26.25 kg/mol.

The freezing point depression (ΔTf) of a solution is given by the equation:

ΔTf = Kf·m·i

where Kf is the freezing point depression constant of the solvent, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van't Hoff factor, which is the number of particles that the solute dissociates into when it dissolves in the solvent.

Assuming the solute does not dissociate in \(CCl_4\), i = 1. Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the molality of the solution:

m = ΔTf/(Kf·i)

We are given that the freezing point depression of \(CCl_4\) (Kf) is 30.0 K·kg/mol. To calculate the molality of the solution, we need to convert the masses to moles. The molar mass (M) of the solute can be calculated as follows:

M = m·(mass of solvent)/(moles of solute)

We can use the formula:

moles of solute = mass of solute / molar mass

To calculate the moles of solute, we need to know the mass of the solute. Since the mass of the solvent is 750 g, the total mass of the solution is:

mass of solution = mass of solvent + mass of solute = 750 g + 100 g = 850 g

Now we can calculate the molality of the solution:

m = ΔTf/(Kf·i) = 10.5 K/(30.0 K·kg/mol·1) = 0.35 mol/kg

Next, we can use the molality and masses to calculate the molar mass of the compound:

M = m·(mass of solvent)/(moles of solute)

M = 0.35 mol/kg·(750 g)/(100 g / M)

M = 26.25 kg/mol

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

...

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Any experiment with the right results is good no matter the difficulty.

The concentration of hydroxide ions is roughly 2.53 x 10-9 M. The closest value is 3.0 x 10-9, but the right response is A) 2.97 x 10⁻¹⁰, which is the outcome in rounded significant figures.

This indicates that the pH and pOH are both 7.00 and that the concentrations of [H+] and [OH-] are both 1.0  10-7 M at typical temperatures, more particularly, at room temperature.

The equation for the ion product of water can be used to get the hydroxide ion concentration given the hydrogen ion concentration:

Kw = [H+][OH-]

where Kw is the ion product constant of water, which is equal to 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C.

Rearranging the equation, we get:

[OH-] = Kw/[H+]

When we replace the specified value of [H+], we obtain:

[OH-] = (1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴)/3.95 x 10⁻⁶

[OH-] = 2.53 x 10⁻⁹.

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C6H12O6 is the chemical  formula for Glucose. If you need to consume 20.0 grams of (C6H12O6) each day, then you should drink 693.8 milliliters of juice.

The concentration of a solution is modeled using molarity. The number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of a solution is its molarity. As a carbohydrate,

(C6H12O6)  has a molar mass of 180.16 g/mol.

As a result, moles of  (C6H12O6)  are calculated as follows: 25g/180.16g/mol = 0.138765mol.

Thus, volume of  (C6H12O6) equals moles of glucose/molarity equals 0.138765mol/0.20M = 0.6938 L = 693.8 ml, where 1000 ml equals 1 liter.

Thus, 693.8 ml of a  (C6H12O6) solution containing 0.20 M are required.

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The Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is -83.9 kJ/mol and the reaction is spontaneous.

To calculate the Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) for the reaction A + B → C, you can use the following equation:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is the change in entropy. Given the provided thermochemical data:

ΔH = -43.7 kJ/mol
ΔS = 135 J/mol·K (which needs to be converted to kJ/mol·K)
Temperature (T) = 298 K

First, let's convert ΔS to kJ/mol·K:

ΔS = 135 J/mol·K × (1 kJ / 1000 J) = 0.135 kJ/mol·K

Now, we can calculate ΔG:

ΔG = (-43.7 kJ/mol) - (298 K × 0.135 kJ/mol·K)
ΔG = -43.7 kJ/mol - 40.23 kJ/mol
ΔG = -83.9 kJ/mol

The calculated Gibbs Free Energy is -83.9 kJ/mol (rounded to three significant figures). Since ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.

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The correct answer is a) Henry's Law. This law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the overlying space.

This means that as the partial pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules will dissolve in the liquid. Henry's Law is important in many areas of science, including chemistry, environmental science, and biology.

For example, it is used to understand the behavior of gases in the atmosphere and their impact on climate change, as well as the ability of aquatic organisms to obtain oxygen from water.

Henry's Law can also be applied to industrial processes such as gas purification and carbonation of beverages.

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Because hydrogen and oxygen are combining to create a single product, the formation of water from these two elements is a combination reaction. The following happens as a result: 2H2(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(l)

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Explanation:

Metallic bond, force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance

The two molecules shown are constitutional isomers, as they have the same molecular formula (C3H7Cl) but different structural arrangements of the atoms.

Constitutional isomers differ from conformational isomers, diastereomers, and enantiomers in that they have different arrangements of atoms in their structures.

Conformational isomers have the same arrangement of atoms, but differ in the 3D shape of the molecule; diastereomers have different chiral centers and hence different configurations; and enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

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The calculated wavelength and amplitudes of waves are as 0.5 m: Wavelength: 0.5 m, Frequency: 1/4 Hz, Amplitude: 0.5 m

1.0 m: Wavelength: 1.0 m, Frequency: 1/2 Hz, Amplitude: 1.0 m

1.5 m: Wavelength: 1.5 m, Frequency: 3/4 Hz, Amplitude: 1.5 m

2.0 m: Wavelength: 2.0 m, Frequency: 1 Hz, Amplitude: 2.0 m

By looking at the properties of a wave, one can determine its amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.

The wave's maximum displacement from its equilibrium position is known as its amplitude, and it is typically measured in meters (m). Measured in meters (m), the wavelength is the distance between any two successive points in the same phase of the wave.

The number of complete wave cycles that pass through a given point in a given amount of time is known as the frequency, and it is measured in hertz (Hz). Measure the maximum displacement, the distance between two wave crests, and the number of wave cycles that occur over a given time period in order to determine a wave's amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.

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1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane is prepared through the bromination of trans-stilbene, a reaction involving an electrophilic addition mechanism.

The reaction starts with the generation of a bromine radical (Br•) by a free-radical initiator. This radical reacts with trans-stilbene, producing a brominated stilbene radical (Ph-CH=CH-Ph•Br). The brominated radical further reacts with another bromine radical to form the final product, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane (Ph-CHBr-CHBr-Ph).

Arrow pushing in the mechanism:
1. The π bond of trans-stilbene donates an electron pair to Br•, forming a bond between the carbon and bromine.
2. The brominated stilbene radical donates an electron pair to another Br•, forming a bond between the second carbon and bromine.

A potential undesired side reaction is the formation of 1,1-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, a regioisomer. This occurs when the brominated stilbene radical reacts with another bromine molecule (Br₂) instead of a bromine radical. The carbon-bromine bond in the intermediate species can break, forming a carbocation (Ph-CHBr-CH⁺-Ph) and a bromide ion (Br⁻). The carbocation then captures the bromide ion, resulting in the undesired product (Ph-CHBr₂-CHBr-Ph).

Arrow pushing in the side reaction:
1. The brominated stilbene radical donates an electron pair to Br₂, forming a bond between the second carbon and one bromine.
2. The carbon-bromine bond in the intermediate species breaks, producing a carbocation and a bromide ion.
3. The carbocation captures the bromide ion, forming the undesired product.

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To solve this problem, we will use the formula:q = m × c × ΔTwhereq is the amount of heat absorbed or released, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the substance.

In this case, we are trying to find the amount of heat absorbed by 75 grams of water when its temperature increases from 20°C to 35°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C. So, let's substitute the given values into the formula:q = m × c × ΔTq = 75 g × 4.18 J/g°C × (35°C - 20°C)q = 75 g × 4.18 J/g°C × 15°Cq = 4693.5 J

So the amount of heat absorbed when the temperature of 75 grams of water increases from 20°C to 35°C is 4693.5 J. Therefore, the answer is 4700J.

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PV = nRT Pressure of the mixture is given by:

P = (nR/V)T

= (1/0.2)×8.314×400

= 1662.8 kPa ≈ 1.66 MPa. Kay's rule:

P = (1.66 × 0.99) + (1.66 × 0.4 × 0.9)

= 2.218 MPa ≈ 2.22 MPa. Pressure of the mixture is given by:

P = (0.6 × 1.66 × 0.8) + (0.4 × 1.66 × 0.7)

= 1.3112 MPa ≈ 1.31 MPa.

a) The ideal gas equation of state: Firstly, we know that:

R = 8.314 J/(mol•K) and

T = 400 K.

n = 1 kmol of mixture

V = 0.2 m³ of mixture Mole fraction of C₂H6 (ethane)

= 0.4n (CO2)

= 0.6 kmoln (C2H6)

= 0.4 kmol From the ideal gas equation of state:

PV = nRT Pressure of the mixture is given by:

P = (nR/V)T

= (1/0.2)×8.314×400

= 1662.8 kPa ≈ 1.66 MPab) Kay's rule together with the generalized compressibility chart: Kay's rule is given by:

P = P₁Φ₁ + P₂Φ₂ where Φ₁ and Φ₂ are the fugacity coefficients of CO2 and C2H6 respectively. From the generalized compressibility chart, the compressibility factor (Z) for CO2 and C2H6 at 400 K and a pressure of 1 MPa are 0.8 and 0.7 respectively.

The fugacity coefficient of CO2 and C2H6 are:

Φ₁ = 0.99Φ₂

= 0.9 Therefore, using Kay's rule:

P = (1.66 × 0.99) + (1.66 × 0.4 × 0.9)

= 2.218 MPa ≈ 2.22 MPac) Additive pressure rule and compressibility chart: The additive pressure rule is given by:

P = P₁Z₁ + P₂Z₂ where Z₁ and Z₂ are the compressibility factor of CO2 and C2H6 respectively. From the generalized compressibility chart, the compressibility factors (Z) for CO2 and C2H6 at 400 K and a pressure of 1 MPa are 0.8 and 0.7 respectively. Pressure of the mixture is given by: P = (0.6 × 1.66 × 0.8) + (0.4 × 1.66 × 0.7)

= 1.3112 MPa ≈ 1.31 MPa The pressure obtained by ideal gas equation of state is slightly lower than that obtained by Kay's rule and additive pressure rule. This is because the ideal gas equation does not take into account the interactions between the gas molecules, unlike the Kay's rule and additive pressure rule that account for the non-ideality of the gas mixture.

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Answer:

Each section of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum has characteristic energy levels, wavelengths, and frequencies associated with its photons. Gamma rays have the highest energies, the shortest wavelengths, and the highest frequencies.