Which device requires electrical energy to produce a chemical change?

1. Electrolytic cell

2. Salt bridge

3. Voltaic cell

4. Voltmeter

Answer:

1.60217663 × 10-19 coulombs

Explanation:

The electron is the lightest known stable subatomic particle.

It has a negative charge that is equivalent to 1.602176634 coulombs, which is regarded as the fundamental unit of electric charge.

Part A: 0.015 moles of NaNO3 in 125 mL of 0.120 M solution. Part B: 0.294 moles of NaNO3 in 125 g of 0.200 M solution. Part C: 1.4 g of NaNO3 in 125 g of 1.1% solution.

Part A: The number of moles of NaNO3 in 125 mL of 0.120 M solution can be calculated as follows:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

0.120 M = moles of NaNO3 / 0.125 L

moles of NaNO3 = 0.120 M * 0.125 L = 0.015 moles

Expressed to three significant figures, the number of moles of NaNO3 is 0.015 moles.

Part B: The number of moles of NaNO3 in 125 g of 0.200 m solution can be calculated using the formula:

moles of solute = mass of solute / molar mass

mass of NaNO3 = 0.200 m * 125 g = 25 g

molar mass of NaNO3 = 85.00 g/mol

moles of NaNO3 = 25 g / 85.00 g/mol = 0.294 moles

Expressed to three significant figures, the number of moles of NaNO3 is 0.294 moles.

Part C: The mass of NaNO3 in 125 g of 1.1% solution can be calculated as follows:

mass of NaNO3 = 1.1% * 125 g = 1.375 g

Expressed to two significant figures, the mass of NaNO3 is 1.4 g.

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Answer:

i think D

Explanation:

True. When ionic compounds are dissolved or thrown into water, they typically dissociate into ions and become electrolytes.

An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electric current when dissolved in water or molten form due to the presence of freely moving ions. Ionic compounds consist of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions held together by electrostatic forces. When they come into contact with water, the water molecules surround the ions and weaken the forces holding them together, causing the compound to dissociate into its constituent ions. These ions are then free to move in the aqueous solution and carry electric charge, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Therefore, most ionic compounds can be considered electrolytes when dissolved in water.

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In order to properly measure the displacement, the object must be completely submerged, however in the diagram the wood is floating. So the measured displacement will only be a fraction of what it actually is.

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=mc\Delta T\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \Delta T=\dfrac{Q}{mc}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \Delta T=\dfrac{5750}{455(0.79)}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \Delta T=\dfrac{5750}{359.45}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \Delta T\approx 16°C\)

Now

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \Delta T=T_i-T_f\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto T_f=T_i-\Delta T\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto T_f=24-16\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto T_f=4°C\)

There is a cyclohexane with four methyl groups. Two of them are angled in the direction of the molecule with the darker bond. As a result, one of the bonds in the alkyl bromide's structure should contain bromine.

And this bromine should be facing the other way from the methyl groups, who should be facing toward for an E2 reaction to occur. This is so that an E2 reaction can take place when there is less steric interference in the molecule. An E2 reaction will require a lot more work to complete if the bromine is facing in the same direction as the methyl group. I will instead advocate for an E1 or a replacement product.

A cycloalkane, cyclohexane has the chemical formula C6H12. It is non-polar, cyclohexane. Colorless and combustible, cyclohexane has a characteristic detergent-like stench.

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D. The MOLARITY of the juice DECREASES when water is added to it.

MOLARITY refers to the amount of a substance (solute) in a certain volume of solution. It is a measure of the CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION. In chemistry, molarity is calculated by dividing the number of moles of a solute by the volume of the solvent i.e.

MOLARITY (mol/L or M) = number of moles (n)/volume of solvent (V)

* The above equation means that the molarity of a solution is inversely proportional to its volume i.e. as molarity increases, volume decreases and vice versa.

According to this question, water is added to a glass of pure fruit juice (dilution). This means that the volume of the juice will increase. As the volume increases via addition of water, the MOLARITY DECREASES.

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Based on the picture and our knowledge of water molecule polarity, the solute molecule is most likely b. negatively charged or c. polar (with or without charge).

The water molecules are arranged around the solute molecule in a specific way. This arrangement is due to the polarity of water molecules, which have a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other. This arrangement allows water molecules to surround and interact with other charged or polar molecules.
From the picture, we can see that the water molecules are oriented in such a way that the slightly positive ends are facing towards the solute molecule, while the slightly negative ends are facing away from it. This suggests that the solute molecule is either negatively charged or polar, as these types of molecules can interact with the slightly positive ends of the water molecules.
Option a, positively charged, can be ruled out because the water molecules would be oriented differently if the solute molecule was positively charged. Similarly, option d, nonpolar, can also be ruled out because nonpolar molecules do not interact with water molecules in the same way as charged or polar molecules.
Therefore, based on the picture and our knowledge of water molecule polarity, the solute molecule is most likely b. negatively charged or c. polar (with or without charge).

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Answer:

Ecosystem Energy Flow Nearly all of the energy that drives ecosystems ultimately comes from the sun. Solar energy, which is an abiotic factor, by the way, enters the ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. You can learn more than you want to know about this process in the unit on photosynthesis.

Explanation:

Answer:

Cl^- <S^2-<Sc^3+ <Ca^2+<K^+

Explanation:

We know that ionic radius of ions decreases from right to left in the periodic table.  This is because, ionic radii decreases with increase in nuclear charge. This explains why; Sc^3+ <Ca^2+<K^+.

Secondly, even though Cl^- is isoelectronic with S^2-, the size of the nuclear charge in Cl^-  is larger compared to that of  S^2- . Hence Cl^-  is smaller than S^2- in ionic radius owing to increased nuclear attraction in Cl^-.

Answer:

copper oxide + hydrochloric acid --> copper chloride + water

Explanation:

Thenks and mark me brainliest :))

Answer:

Copper oxide hydrochloric acid  ( CuCl2 + H2O)

Explanation:

CuO +  HCl  → CuCl2 + H2O

Answer:

Newton’s second law can be formally stated as,

The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object..

Application of Second Law

The application of the second law of motion can be seen in identifying the amount of force needed to make an object move or to make it stop. Following are a few examples that we have listed to help you understand this point:

Kicking a ball

When we kick a ball we exert force in a specific direction, which is the direction in which it will travel. In addition, the stronger the ball is kicked, the stronger the force we put on it and the further away it will travel.

Pushing a cart

It is easier to push an empty cart in a supermarket than it is to push a loaded one. More mass requires more force to accelerate.

Two people walking

Among the two people walking, if one is heavier than the other then the one weighing heavier will walk slower because the acceleration of the person weighing lighter is greater.

Answer:

Melting ice causes more warming.

Because they are darker in color, the ocean and land absorb more incoming solar radiation, and then release the heat to the atmosphere. This causes more global warming. In this way, melting ice causes more warming and so more ice melts.

The freezing point of water will be lowered most by dissolving 1.0 mole of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂).

When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, such as water, it disrupts the orderly arrangement of water molecules, making it more difficult for them to form solid ice crystals. This disruption leads to a lowering of the freezing point of the solvent.

The extent to which the freezing point is lowered depends on the nature of the solute and its concentration. In this case, comparing the given options, dissolving 1.0 mole of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) will have the greatest effect on lowering the freezing point of water.

Magnesium chloride dissociates into three ions in water: one magnesium ion (Mg2+) and two chloride ions (Cl-). The presence of multiple ions increases the number of solute particles per mole, leading to a greater disruption of the water structure.

As a result, the freezing point depression caused by 1.0 mole of magnesium chloride is more significant compared to other solutes.

In contrast, naphthalene is a nonpolar solute and does not dissociate into ions in water. Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates into two ions, and ether is a nonpolar compound. Therefore, these substances would have a lesser effect on lowering the freezing point of water compared to magnesium chloride.

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Molecules of H₂0 and 0₂ have stopped forming is  statement is true at this point in the reaction.

Option D is correct

Products are the byproducts of a chemical reaction—new substances created. For instance: When two sodium atoms and two chlorine atoms react, they produce sodium chloride, a totally new molecule (two atoms).

Chemical reactions are started by reactants, or substances. Products are the chemical species that remain after the reaction has been fully finished.

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Answer:

Explanation:

vdW radius (nm) ionic radius of X- (nm)

Cl 0.175          0.181

Br 0.185          0.196

I 0.198          0.220

Answer:

2NaCl + 2H2O --> Cl2 + 2NaOH + H2

Explanation:

Answer:

B) Fuel burns and heats the surroundings

D) A car's air bag expands by igniting a chemical.

Explanation:

These two phenomena are caused by chemical reactions that release energy. In the case of B, fuel burning releases energy in the form of heat and light. In the case of D, the ignition of a chemical in a car's air bag rapidly releases a large amount of energy, causing the air bag to rapidly inflate and protect the occupants of the car during an accident.


ALLEN

Answer:

D) A car's air bag expands by igniting a chemical.

Explanation:

Fireworks are a type of pyrotechnic display that are created by chemical reactions that release energy in the form of light, heat, and sound. These chemical reactions are usually accomplished through the use of oxidizers, fuel, and various chemicals that are carefully combined to produce the desired effects.

A) Muscles work to perform a task is not caused by a chemical reaction that releases energy. Instead, it is caused by the contraction of muscle fibers, which generate force to move the body or an object.

B) Fuel burns and heats the surroundings is caused by a chemical reaction that releases energy. When fuel, such as gasoline or wood, is burned, it reacts with oxygen in the air to release heat and light.

C) A battery supplies current to a device is not caused by a chemical reaction that releases energy. Instead, it is caused by the flow of electrons through a conductive material, such as a wire.

D) A car's air bag expands by igniting a chemical is caused by a chemical reaction that releases energy. The air bag is typically activated by a chemical reaction between two substances that generates a large amount of gas, which rapidly inflates the air bag to protect the occupants of the vehicle.

1000 grams of nitroglycerin 2% ointment should be mixed with the ointment base to obtain 100 grams of an ointment with a concentration of 0.2%.

To determine the amount of nitroglycerin 2% ointment needed to mix with an ointment base to obtain 100 grams of an ointment with a concentration of 0.2%, we can use the concept of a proportion.

Let's set up the proportion:

(grams of nitroglycerin 2% ointment) / 2% = 100 grams / 0.2%

To solve for the grams of nitroglycerin 2% ointment, we can cross-multiply and then divide:

(grams of nitroglycerin 2% ointment) = (2% / 0.2%) * 100 grams

Calculating the right side of the equation:

(grams of nitroglycerin 2% ointment) = (2 / 0.2) * 100 grams

                                = 10 * 100 grams

                                = 1000 grams

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Answer:

B. Volcanoes

Explanation:

B. Volcanoes

Answer:

B:Volcanoes

Explanation:

because valley rift develops

Answer:

hydrogen

Explanation:

Polarization is defined as the change in electrode potential of an electrode in an electrochemical cell as electric current is being passed through the cell. It is a kinetic deviation from equilibrium as current is passed through the electrochemical cell.

It is sometimes as a result of the over-potential caused by the accumulation of hydrogen gas at an electrode.

Answer:

The answer is most likely compound a

Explanation:

Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points and conduct electricity poorly

Answer:

Br (Bromine) is a nonmetal

The pH of the solution after the addition of 900.0 mL of NaOH is approximately 8.94 (option d).

To determine the pH of the solution after the titration, we need to consider the reaction between HF and NaOH. HF is a weak acid, and NaOH is a strong base. The reaction between the two will result in the formation of water and a salt, sodium fluoride (NaF).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

HF + NaOH → H₂O + NaF

In the initial state, before the titration, we have 300.0 mL of 0.20 M HF, which corresponds to 0.20 moles of HF.

During the titration, 900.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added, which corresponds to 0.09 moles of NaOH.

Since the stoichiometric ratio between HF and NaOH is 1:1, 0.09 moles of HF will react with 0.09 moles of NaOH.

After the reaction, the remaining moles of HF will be 0.20 moles - 0.09 moles = 0.11 moles.

To determine the concentration of HF in the remaining solution, we divide the remaining moles by the total volume of the solution

(300.0 mL + 900.0 mL = 1200.0 mL or 1.20 L):

concentration of HF = 0.11 moles / 1.20 L

concentration of HF = 0.092 M

The Ka of HF is given as 3.5 × 10⁻⁴. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate the pH:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

pH = -log(Ka) + log([A⁻]/[HA])

pH = -log(3.5 × 10⁻⁴) + log(0.092/0.20)

pH ≈ 8.94

Therefore, the pH of the solution after the addition of 900.0 mL of NaOH is approximately 8.94 (option d).

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An Arrhenius base is a molecule that when dissolved in water will break down to yield an \(OH^-\)or hydroxide ion in solution.

An Arrhenius base is a compound that increases the \(OH^-\) ion concentration in aqueous solution.

An Arrhenius base is a substance that, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, increases the concentration of hydroxide, or , \(OH^-\) ions in the solution.

Bases Properties

Arrhenius bases that are soluble in water can conduct electricity.

Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch.

Bases also change the colour of indicators. Red litmus turns blue in the presence of a base (see figure below), while phenolphthalein turns pink.

Some bases react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Acids (pH < 7.0) react with bases (pH > 7.0) to produce a salt and water. When equal moles of an acid and a base are combined, the acid is neutralized by the base. The resulting mixture will have a more neutral pH.

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions or protons. In other words, it increases the number of \(H^+\) ions in the water. In contrast, an Arrhenius base dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions \(OH^-\).

Example, sodium hydroxide, is added to an aqueous solution. NaOH dissociates into sodium, \(Na^+\), and hydroxide, \(OH^-\) ions.

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Answer:

2

Explanation:

Answer:

Reacts with salt to from an acid

The molar solubility of Ca(IO₃)₂ is a.) 1.59 × 10⁻³ M b.) 1.4×10⁻⁴M

Ca(IO₃)₂   ⇆   Ca²⁺  + 2IO₃⁻

if molar solubility is represented as 's'  , Ca²⁺ concentration in solution is s and concentration of IO₃⁻ is 2s.

Then, Ksp = [Ca²⁺]×[IO₃⁻]² = s×(2s)²

a.) when 0.070 M of Ca(NO₃)₂ is added,

Then, concentration of Ca²⁺ = 0.07 + s

and concentration of IO₃⁻ = 2s

⇒ Ksp = [Ca²⁺]×[IO₃⁻]² = (0.07 + s)×(2s)²

      (∵ solubility of salt is very less, s is small⇒ (0.07 + s)≈ 0.07)

Ksp= 0.07×(2s)²

⇒ 7.1×10⁻⁷ = 0.28 s²

after solving,

s² = 25.35× 10⁻⁷

⇒s = 1.59 × 10⁻³ M

b.) when 0.070 M of NaIO₃ is added,

Then, concentration of Ca²⁺ =  s

and concentration of IO₃⁻ =  0.07 +2s

⇒ Ksp = [Ca²⁺]×[IO₃⁻]² = s× (0.07 + 2s)²

      (∵ solubility of salt is very less, s is small⇒ (0.07 +2s)≈ 0.07)

Ksp= s×(0.07)²

     = 0.0049 s

⇒ s = 1.4×10⁻⁴ M

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