The answer is HIV
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Answer: after organelles it cells,tissues,organs,organ system then it give you the last one which is organism.
Explanation:
Sketch out a drawing which illustrates how diffusion occurs through a slab in a Fick's.first law model and for a second law model. Explain your model in words.
Fick's second law provides a more thorough explanation of diffusion by taking into account the change in concentration with regard to both time and position. Fick's first law defines the diffusion of a material across a medium, such as a slab, based on concentration gradients.
Fick's first law states that the rate of diffusion (J) is directly proportional to the negative gradient of the concentration (dC/dx), multiplied by the diffusion coefficient (D). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
J = -D x (dC/dx)
Let's picture a rectangle shape to symbolize a slab in this situation. With higher concentrations on one side and lower concentrations on the other, the concentration of the diffusing chemical is shown as a gradient. Fick's first law states that until equilibrium is established, the material will move from the side with higher concentration to the side with lower concentration.
Fick's Second Law states that the rate of change of concentration (dC/dt) over time is equal to the diffusion coefficient (D) multiplied by the second derivative of the concentration with respect to position (d²C/dx²). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
dC/dt = D x (d²C/dx²)
In the case of a slab, the concentration gradient is represented by a curve showing how the concentration changes over time and position. Fick's second law explains how the concentration distribution evolves over time due to the diffusion process. It describes how the concentration diffuses and spreads out within the slab, eventually leading to a more uniform distribution.
By comparing the two models, we can see that Fick's first law focuses on the flux of diffusion, which depends on the concentration gradient. Fick's second law, on the other hand, provides a more comprehensive understanding of how the concentration changes over time and position within the slab.
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palmitoylethanolamide versus a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of temporomandibular joint inflammatory pain full text
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory pain.
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA): PEA is an endogenous fatty acid amide that belongs to the family of N-acylethanolamines. It has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. PEA acts on various cellular targets involved in inflammation and pain modulation, including mast cells, glial cells, and certain receptors. Studies have suggested that PEA may have neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs are a class of medications commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. They work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators. NSAIDs can be either non-selective or selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The inhibition of COX enzymes reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins, resulting in pain relief and decreased inflammation.
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blank can capture the beauty of
nature and the ugliness of problems
that affect the environment adversely
Pictures can capture the beauty of nature and the ugliness of problems that affect the environment adversely.
What is Environment?This is referred to as the sum total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects that influence human life or that of other organisms which are present in the ecosystem.
Environmentalists employs the use of photographers & film production crews to capture the beauty of nature and the ugliness of problems that affect the environment adversely through the use of tools such as camera which produces different types and forms of pictures thereby making it the correct choice.
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the minimum size of known microbial cells is about 0.2 μm. could even smaller cells be discovered? what factors may determine the minimum size of a cell?
Bacteria that really are shorter than 0.2 m may be found, however it is difficult to determine how individual cell components are organized. The ratio of a cell's porous structure to volume is determines a cell can get.
What do cells do?The family is the basic unit that can sustain life itself and makes all living things, including the body's tissues. The membrane protein, the nuclear, and the cytoplasmic are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses it and regulates the substances.
Where do cells originate?At one time, scientists believed that life organically developed from dead organisms objects. We now know that life originates from preceding life thanks to experiments and the development of the microscope.
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Complete each sentence with the appropriate term or phrase. (Each term or phrase can be used only once, but not all terms or phrases are used.) CODIS The most useful DNA markers for forensics are in the population and do not contribute to (0.1)2 = 0.01 The genotypes of thousands of people at 13 unlinked loci are kept in a law enforcement database called very small 1/625 If a suspect's DNA did not come from the suspect. DNA found at a crime scene, the crime scene DNA allele frequencies If a suspect's DNA that particular 13-locus genotype in the population is determined. DNA found at a crime scene, the likelihood of finding 0.16 X 0.01 = 1.6 X 103 does not match Because the CODIS loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype frequency at each SSR locus can be calculated from the 1/1000 Considering SSR locus A, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.2 and the frequency of allele 2 is 0.4, the frequency of a heterozygote with allele 1 and allele 2 is matches highly variable At a second SSR locus B, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.1, the frequency of an individual who is homozygous for allele 1 is phenotype multiplied The chance that both of those specific genotypes at the A and B loci would be found in
The most useful DNA markers for forensics are in the population and do not contribute to phenotype. The genotypes of thousands of people at 13 unlinked loci are kept in a law enforcement database called CODIS. If a suspect's DNA does not match DNA found at a crime scene, the likelihood of finding that particular 13-locus genotype in the population is determined by allele frequencies.
Because the CODIS loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype frequency at each SSR locus can be calculated from the allele frequencies. Considering SSR locus A, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.2 and the frequency of allele 2 is 0.4, the frequency of a heterozygote with allele 1 and allele 2 is very small (1/625). At a second SSR locus B, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.1, the frequency of an individual who is homozygous for allele 1 is 0.1 squared = 0.01. If a suspect's DNA did not come from the suspect, the crime scene DNA does not match and the matches highly variable. The chance that both of those specific genotypes at the A and B loci would be found in the population is 0.16 X 0.01 = 1.6 X 10^-3.
Here's the completed sentences using the appropriate terms or phrases:
1. The most useful DNA markers for forensics are highly variable in the population and do not contribute to phenotype.
2. The genotypes of thousands of people at 13 unlinked loci are kept in a law enforcement database called CODIS.
3. If a suspect's DNA does not match the DNA found at a crime scene, the likelihood of finding that particular 13-locus genotype in the population is determined using DNA allele frequencies.
4. Because the CODIS loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype frequency at each SSR locus can be calculated from the allele frequencies.
5. Considering SSR locus A, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.2 and the frequency of allele 2 is 0.4, the frequency of a heterozygote with allele 1 and allele 2 is 0.16 (0.2 x 0.4 x 2).
6. At a second SSR locus B, if the frequency of allele 1 is 0.1, the frequency of an individual who is homozygous for allele 1 is 0.01 (0.1²).
7. The chance that both of those specific genotypes at the A and B loci would be found in the same individual is 1.6 x 10³ (0.16 x 0.01).
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In a diploid plant species, an F1 plant with the genotype Gg LI Tt is test-crossed to a pure- breeding recessive plant with the genotype gg litt. The offspring genotypes are as follows: Genotype Gg LI Tt GLItt Gg Il Tt Gg litt gg LI Tt gg Litt Eg II Tt og II tt Number 621 3 64 109 103 67 7 626 1600 a. What are the genotypes of the parental offspring? b. What is the order of these three linked genes? (Which gene is in the middler) c. Calculate the recombination frequencies for each pair of genes and draw a map of the chromosome, showing the order & distances between the three genes. d. What is the interference value for this data set? What does this number mean?
a. The genotypes of the parental offspring:
Genotype Gg LI Tt: 621 offspring
Genotype gg litt: 1600 offspring
b. The order of the three linked genes: G-L-T (GLI is in the middle).
c. Recombination frequencies:
Recombination frequency between genes G and L: 12.7%
Recombination frequency between genes L and T: 1.3%
Chromosome map:
G-L-T (12.7 map units)
L-T (1.3 map units)
d. The interference value for this data set: 91.1%
This value indicates a high degree of interference, where the occurrence of one crossover reduces the likelihood of another crossover nearby.
a. The genotypes of the parental offspring are given as:
Genotype Gg LI Tt: 621 offspring
Genotype gg litt: 1600 offspring
b. The order of the three linked genes can be determined by analyzing the genotypes of the offspring. In this case, the genotype GLItt is present, indicating that the gene L is in between the genes G and T. Therefore, the order of the linked genes is G-L-T, with gene L being in the middle.
c. To calculate the recombination frequencies between the genes, we consider the number of offspring with recombinant genotypes compared to the total number of offspring. The recombination frequencies for each pair of genes are as follows:
Recombination frequency between genes G and L: (109 + 67) / (621 + 3 + 64 + 109 + 103 + 67 + 7 + 626 + 1600) = 0.127 or 12.7%
Recombination frequency between genes L and T: (3 + 7) / (621 + 3 + 64 + 109 + 103 + 67 + 7 + 626 + 1600) = 0.013 or 1.3%
Based on these recombination frequencies, we can draw a map of the chromosome showing the order and distances between the three genes:
G--(12.7 cM)--L--(1.3 cM)--T
d. The interference value for this data set is calculated using the formula:
Interference = 1 - (observed double crossovers / expected double crossovers)
The observed double crossovers are calculated by summing the numbers of double crossover genotypes:
Observed double crossovers = (3 + 7) + (64 + 67) = 141
The expected double crossovers can be calculated by multiplying the recombination frequencies between the two pairs of genes:
Expected double crossovers = (recombination frequency between G and L) * (recombination frequency between L and T) * (total number of offspring)
Expected double crossovers = 0.127 * 0.013 * (621 + 3 + 64 + 109 + 103 + 67 + 7 + 626 + 1600) = 15.88
Plugging these values into the interference formula:
Interference = 1 - (141 / 15.88) = 0.911 or 91.1%
The interference value of 91.1% indicates a high degree of interference, meaning that the occurrence of one crossover significantly reduces the likelihood of another crossover in close proximity. It suggests the presence of factors or mechanisms that inhibit the occurrence of multiple crossovers in the region.
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Detail Internal and external respiration
Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between cells and tissues within an organism. External respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment, typically occurring in the lungs or gills.
Internal and external respiration are two processes involved in the exchange of gases, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, within living organisms. Here is a step-by-step explanation of each process:
Internal Respiration:
Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level within the body's tissues.Oxygen from the bloodstream diffuses into the cells, where it is used in cellular respiration to produce energy.During cellular respiration, carbon dioxide, a waste product, is produced.Carbon dioxide then diffuses out of the cells into the bloodstream.The carbon dioxide is carried by the bloodstream back to the lungs or gills for elimination from the body.External Respiration:
External respiration takes place in specialized organs such as the lungs in mammals or gills in aquatic organisms.Oxygen from the surrounding air or water is taken in through inhalation or through the gills.The oxygen is transported into the bloodstream, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells for distribution to the body's tissues.At the same time, carbon dioxide from the bloodstream is released into the air or water through exhalation or across the gills.This exchange of gases occurs due to the concentration gradient and the process of diffusion.Overall, internal respiration occurs at the cellular level, involving the exchange of gases between the cells and the bloodstream, while external respiration occurs in specialized organs, facilitating the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment.
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If the statement is true, write true. If it is false,
change the underlined word or words to make
the statement true.
6. Cells were discovered using electron
microscopes.
7. Ribosomes produce proteins.
8. The cells of plants and animals lack nuclei.
9. Both DNA and RNA are proteins.
10. The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
ter of
Answer:
6.True
7.True
8.True
9. False, both RNA and DNA are nuclei acids. that are made from nucleotides
10. True
Explanation:
Answer:
6. False- light microspcopes
7. True
8. True
9. False- Nucleic Acids
10. True
what do thigmomorphogenesis, thigmotropism, and thigmonastic movements have in common?
Answer:
Explanation:
All three plant responses are plant responses to touch.
Plants take in water, Answer and sunlight to produce Answer and Answer through the process of photosynthesis
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
ATP
glucose
Carbon oxygen
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, glucose and ATP
Describe how the water cycle moves water between the tree, the lake, and the sky in the picture below.
Describe one water cycle process you have learned about and tell how it shows that the water cycle
connects nonliving and living things.
Answer:
Explanation:
The water evaporates from the lake to form a cloud(condensation).it starts to rain(precepation)then collects back in lake.precipitation connects with living things by watering them.it also connects nonliving by processes such as evaporation, precipitation, water returns back into the atmosphere.
Which of the following best describes the shape of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion?a. When standardized, it is exactly the standard normal distribution.b. When standardized, it is the t distribution.c. It is approximately normal as long as n is greater than or equal to 30.d. It is approximately normal as long as np is greater than or equal to 10 and n(1-p) is greater than or equal to 10.e. None of these are correct.
Option d is Correct. As long as np is greater than or equal to 10 and n(1-p) is greater than or equal to 10, it is about normal.
The population proportion is the mean of all sample proportions (p-hat) when repeated random samples of a given size n are collected from a population of values for a categorical variable, where the proportion in the category of interest is p. (p).
The sample mean distribution is centered on the population mean and has a heap shape, similar to the normal distribution. Even when the underlying data is NOT normally distributed, the sample means are NORMALLY distributed if the sample size is 30 or above!
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Correct Question:
Which of the following best describes the shape of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion?
a. When standardized, it is exactly the standard normal distribution.
b. When standardized, it is the t distribution.
c. It is approximately normal as long as n is greater than or equal to 30.
d. It is approximately normal as long as np is greater than or equal to 10 and n(1-p) is greater than or equal to 10.
e. None of these are correct.
which of the following wine flavors are unripe grapes responsible for?
Unripe grapes are responsible for wine flavors such as green, herbaceous, and tart, as they contain higher levels of acidity and lower levels of sugar compared to ripe grapes.
Tartaric and malic acids account for 90% or more of the total acidity in grapes. Malic acid is metabolized by lactic acid bacteria during malolactic fermentation.Varieties notably high in tannins include Cabernet Sauvignon, Nebbiolo, Sangiovese, Malbec, Mourvèdre/Monastrell, Syrah/Shiraz, Tannat and Tempranillo. Thinner skinned grapes – such as Pinot Noir, Gamay, Grenache – are therefore less tannic.Essentially, tannins add bitterness and astringency. These two qualities are evident when you're drinking a young wine, making it feel harsh on your tongue and drying out your mouth. The taste can be shockingly, mouth-puckeringly astringent, or “green.”
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When is observation a better tool for proving a hypothesis than experimentation
Answer: when it envolves the world
Explanation: if it has anything to do with the world observations are better than experimenting and much safer.
which layer of the epidermis is not present in thin skin?
Answer:
stratum lucidum layer
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In treisman's theory, a stimulus is broken down into separate feature maps after it is initially registered in area:
Explanation:
In Treisman's theory, a stimulus is broken down into separate feature maps after it is initially registered in area: A) V1. B) V3. C) V4. D) V5.follow me
Give an example of an organism or tissue where you would expect to find starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Please help with this question and don’t just answer something random to get the points please! i will be so thankful if you help!
Starch can be found in the phloem in plants and in the liver and muscles in mammals, while cellulose can be found in all plant cells. Moreover, in mammals, glycogen is found in the liver and muscle cells.
Starch is a complex carbohydrate composed of many subunits called monomers (i.e., glucose subunits).
This complex carbohydrate (starch) is used as long-term storage of energy, being found in the phloem of plants and liver/muscles of animals (mammals).
Moreover, glycogen is a branched complex carbohydrate also composed of linear chains of glucose monomers.
This complex carbohydrate (glycogen) is synthesized and stored in cells of the liver and muscles.
Finally, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate composed of β-1,4 glucose units, which is the main component of the cell walls (present in all plant cells).
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What is gas exchange
Answer
Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream
Explanation:
It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli.
write it in your own words, also can i have brainliest
Answer:
XD....
Explanation:
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.
You analyze the phenotypic ratios of a cross. You observe two phenotypes and calculate a chi-square value of 7.5. If a probability value of 0.05 is used, what can you say about the results of the cross
If the probability value of 0.05 is used in the given situation, the results of the cross can be considered statistically significant and it indicates that the hypothesis that is being tested is not supported by the evidence gathered.
: The chi-Square test is a statistical method that is used to check if the observed data is in agreement with the expected results. It is commonly used to examine the relationship between two categorical variables.A chi-square value of 7.5 indicates that there is a difference between the observed and expected phenotypic ratios that was significant.
Therefore, if the probability value of 0.05 is used, the results of the cross can be considered statistically significant. This means that there is only a 5% chance that the observed data occurred by random chance. Since this is lower than the standard 0.05 significance level, the hypothesis that is being tested is not supported by the evidence gathered.
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Is ocean water the same across the globe? In other words: If I tested water in the Bahamas, would it be composed of the same matter as water I test from the edge of Antarctica? Explain why or why not.
Answer: No
Explanation: Because if the water in America is polluted does that mean water in the Philippines is polluted? No... So if you test the water in the Bahamas it will have different results than Antarctica's water.
some predators feed preferentially on the most abundant prey. this type of predation is
some predators feed preferentially on the most abundant prey. this type of predation is density dependent .
predation is a process by which the organism eat other organism for their food. predator process is the organism who eats the other organism are called predators and the organism which is eaten is called pray.
Predator help in maintaining the pray species pollution and keep them under control .In predation, one organism kills and consumes another. Predation provides energy to prolong the life and promote the reproduction of the organism that does the killing, the predator, to the detriment of the organism being consumed, the prey.
Predators are organisms that hunt and kill other organisms for food. The organisms that are consumed by the predators are known as the prey. Predators can be carnivores and omnivores. Lions, tigers, sharks, and snakes, all are predators.
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If you were packing survival food for a proposed three week camping trip. Which macromolecule would be the best food choice?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic Acids
Answer:
D. Nucleic Acids
Explanation:
Nucleic Acids are the most important to survive. Examples of nucleic acids in food are vegetables, nuts, and mushrooms and soups.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? *
A. having a nucleus
B. maintain homestasis
C. contain DNA & RNA
D. The respond to stimuli
Answer:
A. Having a nucleusExplanation:
Many organisms have nuclei, but certain types of one-celled prokaryotes and bacteria do not have one.
Answer:
D? im guessing cause we have not learned this yet
Explanation:
A gas is heated and its temperature increases. What happens to the gas molecules?
A. They get tog
B. They move faster
C. They move slower
D. They increase in number
D.They increase on number
Errors in Cell Division (like genetic isolation) May Result in Sympatric Speciation
Errors in cell division, like genetic isolation, may result in sympatric speciation by causing reproductive isolation within a population and allowing the accumulation of genetic differences that ultimately lead to the formation of a new species. Option 1. is correct.
Sympatric speciation occurs when a new species evolves from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region.
1. Genetic isolation occurs when a subpopulation of a species becomes separated from the rest of the population due to a genetic mutation or error during cell division.
2. One example of an error in cell division is polyploidy, which occurs when an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes. This can result from a mistake during DNA replication or fertilization.
3. Polyploid individuals may be unable to reproduce with their diploid (two sets of chromosomes) counterparts due to differences in chromosome numbers, leading to reproductive isolation within the same geographic area.
4. As a result of this reproductive isolation, the polyploid individuals can only breed with others that share their genetic mutation. Over time, the isolated subpopulation accumulates more genetic differences from the rest of the population.
5. The continued accumulation of genetic differences can eventually lead to the formation of a new species, resulting in sympatric speciation.
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Full question:
Errors in Cell Division (like genetic isolation) May Result in
1. Sympatric Speciation
2. Haploidy
3. Diploidy
3. None of the above
Please help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
OPTION B
To produce certain traits
Specific wavelengths of sound cause specific regions of the basilar membrane to vibrate, much like the keys of a piano produce sound at different frequencies. Based on the animation, where do frequencies—from high to low pitches—cause activity in the hair cells within the cochlear duct?
Specific wavelengths of sound cause specific regions of the basilar membrane to vibrate, which triggers activity in specific hair cells within the cochlear duct. This tonotopic organization allows the brain to distinguish between different frequencies of sound, which is important for speech recognition, music perception, and environmental awareness.
The cochlea is an essential structure of the inner ear responsible for hearing. It contains a fluid-filled duct called the cochlear duct that is divided by the basilar membrane, which separates the upper and lower compartments. The basilar membrane is covered with hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for processing. Different frequencies of sound waves cause different regions of the basilar membrane to vibrate, which triggers activity in specific hair cells.
Higher frequency sounds cause vibrations in the narrower and stiffer basal end of the basilar membrane, while lower frequency sounds cause vibrations in the wider and more flexible apical end. This is known as tonotopic organization, where different regions of the cochlear duct are sensitive to different frequencies of sound.
When sound waves enter the cochlear duct, they travel through the fluid and cause the basilar membrane to vibrate. As the basilar membrane vibrates, the hair cells bend, causing ion channels to open and allowing positively charged ions to flow into the cell. This influx of ions triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which communicate the electrical signal to the auditory nerve fibers that connect to the brainstem.
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What is reproductive isolation?Why is it necessary for speciation to occur? Explain one way reproductive isolation might occur.
Reproductive isolation is a process in which individuals in a population are prevented from reproducing. This isolation can occur in several ways, such as a physical barrier that separated these species into two groups that will reproduce with each other and generate a new species.
Why is it necessary for speciation to occur?Speciation is an essential evolutionary process for the creation of new species. It is worth remembering that from reproductive isolation, the individuals of a population have been differentiating and evolving and in the end, there will be a different species from the initial one. Therefore, speciation is necessary for the emergence of new species.
Explain one way reproductive isolation might occur.Reproductive isolation may occur due to a geographic barrier. In this case, a population is separated by a geographic barrier such as a river, a canyon, or a mountain, thus generating subpopulations that will begin to evolve and adapt in different ways. In the end, we will have different subpopulations, but in the beginning, they were part of the same population.
Multicellular organisms show a division of labor and specialization between different tissues, yet every cell must make its own
A.) fatty acids.
B.) glucose.
C.) bile.
D.) O2.
E.) ATP.
Although multicellular organisms exhibit a division of labor and tissue specialization, each cell still needs to produce its own ATP.
The number of cells in multicellular organisms ranges from millions to trillions. These cells all carry out distinct tasks. In the body, tissues are made up of all the cells that have been trained to carry out certain tasks. Thus, a set of cells at a specific location in the body perform a specific function. Similar to how distinct functions are carried out by several groups of cells inside an organism, multicellular organisms have a division of labor.
ATP is created when energy from storage molecules is required by the cell. Then, ATP acts as a shuttle, transporting energy to regions of the cell where energy-intensive processes are occurring. The net result of every cellular electron transfer involving ATP is the synthesis of ATP molecules.
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