where do the four protons come from when transported across membrane in complex 3
Answers
The four protons in question are transported across the membrane in Complex III of the electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation. Complex III, also known as the cytochrome bc1 complex or ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, plays a crucial role in the process of generating ATP in the mitochondria.
The four protons are derived from the reduction of two molecules of ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2) that takes place in Complex I and Complex II of the ETC. The ubiquinol (QH2) then transfers its electrons to Complex III, where it gets oxidized back to ubiquinone (Q). During this process, protons are released from the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient.
The Q-cycle mechanism in Complex III is responsible for the transport of these four protons. In this mechanism, the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c (a protein) results in the pumping of protons across the membrane. The net result of the Q-cycle is the translocation of four protons per pair of electrons transferred, contributing to the proton gradient required for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria.
In summary, the four protons transported across the membrane in Complex III come from the oxidation of ubiquinol (QH2) to ubiquinone (Q) through the Q-cycle mechanism, helping establish the proton gradient necessary for ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation.
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Related Questions
which of the following is soluble in water?
1-glycerin
2-sand
3-iron filing
4-oil
Answers
Answer:
glycerin
Explanation:
Glycerol is easily soluble in water, because the ability of the polyol groups to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Rutter, WJ. and Santi, D.V., General method for producing and selecting peptides with specific properties, U.S. Patent No. 5 225 533, 1993.
Answers
A technique is described for obtaining particular peptides or families of peptides that have a desired attribute, and optionally for determining the amino acid sequence of the particular peptide or peptides so that it may be synthesized in large enough numbers.
What is the method for producing and selecting peptids ?The method of the invention, in general, entails synthesizing a mixture of randomly or purposefully generated peptides using conventional synthesis techniques, while adjusting the individual concentrations of the components of a mixture of sequentially added amino acids in accordance with the coupling constants for each amino acid/amino acid coupling.
The desired property-containing subgroup of peptides may then be chosen, and either each peptide can be extracted and sequenced separately, or analysis can be done on the mixture to enable replication of the mixture's composition.
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Which of the following outer electron configurations could belong to a metalloid? Check all that apply. ns2np6, ns2np2, ns2np5, ns2
Answers
A metalloid is an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals. The outer electron configuration of a metalloid can vary depending on the specific element.
However, some common outer electron configurations for metalloids include ns2np2, ns2np5, and ns2.
The ns2np2 configuration is typically found in elements such as boron and silicon. The ns2np5 configuration is found in elements such as arsenic and antimony. The ns2 configuration is found in elements such as germanium.
It's important to note that not all elements with these configurations are metalloids. For example, oxygen and sulfur have ns2np4 and ns2np5 configurations, respectively, but are considered nonmetals.
In summary, the outer electron configurations that could belong to a metalloid include ns2np2, ns2np5, and ns2.
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Round off the following numbers to three significant digits:
1. 876493
2. 120000
3. 0.0008769
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
3
Significant figures are the number of digits that add to the correctness of a value, frequently a measurement. The following numbers are three significant digits 876000, 1.20 x 10⁵, and 8.77 x 10⁻⁴.
The number of significant single digits (0 to 9 inclusive) in the coefficient of expression in the scientific notation is referred to as "significant figures" (SF). The expression's number of significant figures reveals the engineer's or scientist's level of assurance or precision when expressing a quantity.
When a number is rounded off, its value is maintained but is brought closer to the next number, simplifying the number. The crucial figures are preserved when numbers are rounded off.
The following numbers are rounded off:
1. 876000
2. 1.20 x 10⁵
3. 8.77 x 10⁻⁴
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What does the VSEPR theory predict?
A. Valence electrons will pair up with electrons from another atom.
B. Valence electron pairs are transferred from a central atom to bonding atoms.
C. Valence electron pairs will move as far apart from each other as possible.
D. Valence electrons around a nucleus will pair up whenever possible.
Answers
I believe it's (C). Valence electron pairs will move as far apart from each other as possible.
Explanation:
The formal definition that is the basis for VSEPR is as follows:
Pairs of electrons in the valence shell of a central atom of a molecule repel each other and take up positions as far apart as possible.
which of the following is true of atoms with very high electronegativity?
Answers
Atoms with very high electronegativity exhibit a strong electron-attracting ability, high ionization energy, small atomic radius, the ability to form strong covalent bonds, a polarizing effect on chemical bonds, and can participate in hydrogen bonding.
Strong electron-attracting ability: Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Atoms with high electronegativity have a strong pull on electrons, meaning they attract and hold electrons tightly.
High ionization energy: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. Atoms with high electronegativity tend to have high ionization energies because they tightly hold their valence electrons and require a significant amount of energy to remove them.
Small atomic radius: Electronegativity generally increases as the atomic radius decreases. Atoms with high electronegativity tend to have smaller atomic radii, as the positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons closer, resulting in a stronger electron-attracting ability.
Ability to form strong covalent bonds: Atoms with high electronegativity can form strong covalent bonds by sharing electrons with atoms of lower electronegativity. This results in the formation of stable molecules with shared electron pairs.
Polarizing effect on chemical bonds: When atoms with high electronegativity are involved in a bond with atoms of lower electronegativity, they exert a stronger pull on the shared electrons, resulting in a polar bond. This leads to the development of partial positive and partial negative charges within the molecule.
Participation in hydrogen bonding: Atoms with high electronegativity, such as oxygen and nitrogen, can participate in hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to an electronegative atom and interacts with another electronegative atom through a weak electrostatic attraction.
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what is the percent composition of hydrogen in beryllium hydride(BeH2) if 69.6g of beryllium (Be) react with 15.6 g of hydrogen to produce 85.2 g of BeH2
Answers
The percent composition of hydrogen is 18.3%.
What is percent composition?The term percent composition refers to the percentage of a particular component in a compound. It is contained as the ratio of the mass of that component to the total mass multiplied by 100.
From the law of conservation of mass, total mass of beryllium hydride(BeH2) = 85.2 g
Mass of hydrogen = 15.6 g
Percent composition of hydrogen = 15.6 g/ 85.2 g × 100/1 = 18.3%
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A sanitation engineer in Portland, Maine sends a water sample to your lab, and wants to know if there are lactose-fermenting microbes in the sample (their presence would indicate contamination with human waste). How might you determine if these microbes are present or not from this mixed-microbe specimen?
Answers
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
The first thing would be to isolate the bacteria in the water sample using appropriate isolation methods. After obtaining a pure culture of each isolate, a lactose broth fermentation test is then used to check for the isolates that are able to ferment lactose.
A sterile lactose broth containing an indicator (preferably, phenol red) is placed in different sterile test tubes and the pure culture of each isolate is aseptically introduced into each test tube. The test tubes are then incubated for 18 to 24 hours at 35 to 37 \(^oC\).
A change in the color of the indicator from red to yellow will give an indication of lactose fermentation by the organisms.
PLEASE HELPPPP (BOTANY ZOOLOGY)
Answers
Radial symmetry is a type of body symmetry where each plane that passes through the centre splits the body into two equally sized halves.
What exactly does bilateral symmetry mean?The capacity of an animal's body plan to be divided along a line that divides the animal's body into nearly identical right and left halves is known as bilateral symmetry. Arrangement of identical pieces in a circle around a central axis is a type of symmetry.
What does radial versus biradial symmetry mean?The organism can be divided into additional planes with identical parts in radial symmetry. In biradial symmetry, the organism can be divided solely in two planes rather than all three as in radial symmetry.
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A block of wood measures 3.00 cm x 2.00 cm x 5.00 cm and has a mass of 22.5 grams what is it ?
Answers
Determine quantitative density of a liquid whose mass is 62 g and whose volume is 31 mL. A block or wood with the dimensions 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm and a heft of 22.5 g (2 g/mL)
How do you calculate a block of wood's volume?
Result for an image A timber block weighs 22.5 grammes and has dimensions of 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm. What is that?
It is simple to determine the volume of such a block, prism, a cylinder by multiplying the base's area by the object's height or altitude.
How is block mass determined?
Multiply the volume and density together.
You may get the mass of your object by multiplying your two numbers together. You'll notice that you end up having units of mass if you keep track of both the units as you go along (kilograms or grams). A diamond, for instance, has a volume of 5,000 cm3 and a density of 3.52 g/cm3.
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Determine quantitative density of a liquid whose mass is 62 g and whose volume is 31 mL. A block or wood with the dimensions 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm and a heft of 22.5 g (2 g/mL)
How do you calculate a block of wood's volume?Result for an image A timber block weighs 22.5 grammes and has dimensions of 3 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm. What is that?
It is simple to determine the volume of such a block, prism, a cylinder by multiplying the base's area by the object's height or altitude.
How is block mass determined?Multiply the volume and density together.
You may get the mass of your object by multiplying your two numbers together. You'll notice that you end up having units of mass if you keep track of both the units as you go along (kilograms or grams). A diamond, for instance, has a volume of 5,000 cm3 and a density of 3.52 g/cm3.
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The number of protons in an element can be found by looking at the
symbol
atomic number
O average atomic mass
O name
Answers
Answer:
atomic number if it's a answer
Answer:
I think its the average atomic mass.
Explanation:
PLSS HELP! The gas carbon dioxide is a pure substance. Which of the following is true about carbon dioxide? (4 points)
a. Carbon and oxygen are chemically bonded in it.
b. Carbon and oxygen retain their original identity in it.
c. It can be separated into carbon and oxygen using physical methods.
d. The proportion of carbon and oxygen is different in different samples of the gas.
Answers
Answer:
A. Carbon and oxygen are chemically bonded in it.
Explanation:
I saw someone with the exact question and they said A so yea ♥
What are the differences between sand and potting soil? Are they both mixtures? How do you know?
Answers
Both sand and potting soil are mixtures because they both contains more than one type of substances. Both are composed of minerals and different substrates.
What are mixtures ?Mixtures are substance formed by the combination of two or more components. The mixtures can be homogenous or heterogenous. Homogenous mixtures contains only one phase.
Heterogenous mixtures are of components with different phases. Sand is an example of heterogenous mixture. The major component of sand is silicon dioxide. it also contains grains of other minerals.
Potting soil is a mix of soil and minerals used for plantation. It also known as potting compost since it contains wood products, vermiculates, clay etc. Therefore, potting soil is a mixture.
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Simulated Vinegar One way to make vinegar (not the preferred way) is to prepare a solution of acetic acid, the sole acid component of vinegar, at the proper pH (see Fig. 2-15) and add appropriate flavoring agents. Acetic acid (Mr 60) is a liquid at 25 °C, with a density of 1.049 g/mL. Calculate the volume that must be added to distilled water to make 1 L of simulated vinegar (see Fig. 2-16).
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Well, to make it simple, you want to make a solution of acetic acid with pH of 3 using pure acetic acid. We have the dissociation K which makes the life easier:
CH3COOH <--> CH3COO- + H+
k= [CH3COO-]*[H+]/[CH3COOH]
In the target solution [H+]=[CH3COO-]=10^-3. (Based upon pH=-log[H+])
So, all we have to know is how many starting mols of acetic acid (x) can end up with this concentration of H+.
At equilibrium and using the K you've mentioned we can write:
(10^-3)*(10^-3)/(X-10^-3)=1.74*10^-5
(Remeber that if we have a 10^-3 mol concentration of [H+], it means that 10^-3 mol of our starting acid has already dissociated to make it, hence that X-10^-3 instead of a sole X)
If we solve the above equation, we will see that X (the strarting concentration of acetic acid) is about 0.058 mol/lit. Now life gets even easier:
If a mol of acid acetic weights 60 gr, then 0.058 mols should weight... let me see... yes, 3.48 gr... And now, we have the weight, and all we need to calculate the volume, is the density (density=weight/volume), and fortunately, we have that piece of information as well... With a density of 1.049 g/ml, to have 3.49 gr of acid at hand we need to take 3.317 ml of acetic acid which can be rounded to 3.32 ml which you mentioned as the answer!
All that is left to find is that "appropriate flavouring agent" which in my opinion will eventually pose the main problem! (An ester will probably do it...)
What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture? *
1) You can not see the parts in a heterogeneous mixture, but you can in a homogeneous mixture.
2) You can see the parts in heterogeneous mixture, but you can not see them in a homogeneous mixture
3) Homogeneous mixtures may settle out while heterogenous mixture never settle out.
Answers
The answer is option 2) You can see the parts in heterogeneous mixture, but you can not see them in a homogeneous mixture.
Answer:
Since,Homogenous mixture is a mixture with uniform composition,appearance and properties.
So option no.2 is correctly.
hich of the following assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of gases is not valid for real gases at high pressure? a. the volume of the gas particle is much smaller than the distance between the gas particles. b. the gas particles behave like hard, spherical objects in a state of constant motion. c. the average kinetic energy of the gas particle depends upon the temperature of the gas only. d. the gas particles move in a straight line until they collide with another particle or the walls of the container. e. all of the above are valid for real gases at high pressures
Answers
a. the volume of the gas particle is much smaller than the distance between the gas particles.
Which of the following is true regarding the kinetic theory of gases?Solution: The energy of a molecule does not change when it collides with a container's walls, according to the kinetic theory of gases. Therefore, the assumption is false With the aid of step-by-step solutions offered by experts, you can dispel your concerns and obtain favorable exam results.
The kinetic-molecular theory of gases postulates that ideal gas molecules are perpetually in motion, have a minimal volume, negligible intermolecular interactions, endure collisions that are perfectly elastic.
Keep in mind that ideal gas models are ineffective at low temperatures and high pressures because the gas expands at these conditions.
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calculate molar mass of H2SO3
Answers
So, the total atomic mass is \(2(1.00794)+32.06+3(15.9994)=\boxed{82.07408 \text{ g/mol}}\)
How many atoms are in 75.4 moles of Copper?
Answers
Answer:
No = Avagardro's number = 6.02 x 10^23
No.of atoms = no.of moles x No x atomicity
= 75.4 x 6.02 10^23 x 1
= 453.908 x 10^23 atoms .
At a particular pressure and temperature, nitrogen gas effuses at the rate of 82 ml/s. using the same apparatus at the same temperature and pressure, at what rate will nitrogen dioxide effuse?
Answers
The rate at which the nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ will effuse is 64 mL/s
Graham's law of diffusionThis states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass i.e
R ∝ 1/ √M
R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁)
Where
R₁ and R₂ are the rates of each gasM₁ and M₂ are the molar mass of each gasHow to determine the rate at which nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ will deffuseRate of N₂ (R₁) = 82 mL/sMolar mass of N₂ (M₁) = 28 g/mol Molar mass of NO₂ (M₂) = 46 g/molRate of NO₂ (R₂) =?Applying the Graham's law of diffusion equation, we have:
R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁)
82 / R₂ = √(46 / 28)
Cross multiply
82 = R₂√(46 / 28)
Divide both sides by √(46 / 28)
R₂ = 82 /√(46 / 28)
R₂ = 64 mL/s
Thus, nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ will effuse at 64 mL/s
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_________is a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations
Answers
A mutagen is a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA, leading to mutations.
Mutagens can alter the genetic material by causing changes in the DNA sequence, such as substitutions, deletions, insertions, or rearrangements. These changes can result in the formation of new alleles or the disruption of normal gene function.
Examples of mutagens include certain chemicals, such as certain pesticides, tobacco smoke, and certain chemotherapy drugs. Physical agents like ionizing radiation (e.g., X-rays, gamma rays) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can also induce DNA mutations.
It is important to note that not all mutagens are harmful. Some mutations can be beneficial, leading to genetic variation and adaptation in populations, while others may have detrimental effects, such as contributing to the development of diseases like cancer.
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Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Which of the following could form the nucleus of an atom of oxygen?
6 protons and 8 neutrons.
4 protons and 4 neutrons. 6 protons and 2 neutrons. 8 protons and 10 neutrons.
Answers
Answer:
Answer: 8 protons and 8 neutrons
Explanation:
The mass number of oxygen is 16
Atomic number is 8
but proton number = atomic number = 8 protons
\(neutrons = mass \: number - atomic \: number \\ \)
neutrons = 16 - 8 = 8 neutrons.
The nucleus of an atom of oxygen typically contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons specifically. So, none of the above options is correct.
What is the formula for calculating the atomic number?The atomic number may be defined as the number of a chemical element in the periodic table through which the elements are arranged in order of increasing the number of protons in the nucleus.
The atomic number of an element = The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Now, according to the question,
If Oxygen has an atomic number of 8, that means the number of protons = 8.
The number of neutrons can be calculated as follows:
Neutrons = mass number - the atomic number.
= 16 - 8 = 8 neutrons.
Therefore, the nucleus of an atom of oxygen typically contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons specifically. So, none of the above options is correct.
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How many moles of nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms are present in the 23. 5 mol sample C7H5N3O6?
Answers
In a 23.5 mol sample of C₇H₅N₃O₆, there are 6.87 moles of nitrogen atoms and 8.79 moles of oxygen atoms.
In order to determine the number of moles of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in a 23.5 mol sample of C₇H₅N₃O₆, we first need to look at the chemical formula for this compound.
From the formula, we can see that there are 7 nitrogen atoms and 9 oxygen atoms present in each molecule of C₇H₅N₃O₆.
To calculate the number of moles of nitrogen atoms, we multiply the total number of moles by the mole fraction of nitrogen in the compound:
Moles of nitrogen = 23.5 mol x (7 nitrogen atoms / 24 total atoms)
Moles of nitrogen = 6.87 mol
Similarly, to calculate the number of moles of oxygen atoms, we use the mole fraction of oxygen in the compound:
Moles of oxygen = 23.5 mol x (9 oxygen atoms / 24 total atoms)
Moles of oxygen = 8.79 mol
Therefore, there are approximately 6.87 moles of nitrogen atoms and 8.79 moles of oxygen atoms in a 23.5 mol sample of C₇H₅N₃O₆.
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Cellular respiration connects the degradation of glucose to the formation of ATP, NADH and FADH₂ in a series of 24 enzymatic reactions. Describe the major benefit of breaking down glucose over so many individual steps and describe the main role of NADH and FADH₂?
Answers
Breaking down glucose in cellular respiration through a series of 24 enzymatic reactions offers the advantage of controlled energy release, maximizing the efficiency of ATP production. NADH and FADH₂ play crucial roles as electron carriers, facilitating the transfer of high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis.
The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration occurs through a series of 24 enzymatic reactions rather than a single step. This multi-step process provides several benefits. First, it allows for controlled energy release. Breaking down glucose gradually in smaller steps ensures that energy is released in manageable increments, which can be efficiently harvested for ATP production. This controlled energy release optimizes the efficiency of ATP synthesis, making cellular respiration more productive.
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FADH₂ (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are important molecules in cellular respiration. They act as electron carriers, accepting high-energy electrons released during the breakdown of glucose and other fuel molecules. NADH and FADH₂ then transport these electrons to the electron transport chain, a critical step in ATP synthesis.
In the electron transport chain, the high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH₂ are passed along a series of protein complexes, releasing energy that is used to pump protons (H⁺) across a membrane. This establishes an electrochemical gradient, which drives the synthesis of ATP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.
Overall, NADH and FADH₂ play a central role in the transfer of electrons, facilitating ATP production during cellular respiration.
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I need help please! I will mark brainliest
Kate's father gave her a set of plastic building blocks as a gift. She spent many days arranging the blocks into various shapes. One day at Kate's school, the teacher asked the class to build a robot using the same plastic building blocks. Kate was the first student to finish building the robot. How was Kate able to complete her robot so quickly?
A. Kate learned how to use blocks in less time than the other students, which allowed her to build a robot quickly.
B. Kate has known how to build robots out of blocks since birth, which allowed her build one quickly.
C. Kate's brain stored her past experiences with the blocks as memories, which allowed her to build a robot quickly.
D. Kate's hands stored her past experiences with the blocks as memories, which allowed her to build a robot quickly.
Answers
Answer:
I think it is A I am not so sure about it
Explanation:
What is the mass of solvent (liquid) recovered in the sample?
Mass Solvent = (Boat + solution) - (boat + dry)
Answers
The mass of solvent (liquid) recovered in the sample is 0.100gram. Therefore, option B is correct.
What do you mean by mass ?The mass of an object is a fundamental measurement of its matter content. Weight is a measurement of an object's gravitational force. It is determined not only by the mass of the object, but also by its location. As a result, weight is a measure of force.
The amount of matter in a particle or object is represented by mass (symbolized m), which is a dimensionless quantity. The kilogram is the International System (SIstandard )'s unit of mass (kg).
Given:
(Boat + solution) = 0.898
(boat + dry) = 0.798
Mass Solvent = (Boat + solution) - (boat + dry)
= 0.898 - 0.798
= 0.100 gram
Thus, option B is correct.
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How many moles are in 29.4 L of C2H6O gas at STP?
Answers
Answer: 27
Explanation: so if u divide the thingy from the thingy to a thingy u get a thingy
If you have copper atoms with a +2 charge and covalently bonded molecules with 1 phosphorus and 4 oxygen atoms, what would be the proper chemical formula of the compound?
Answers
The final chemical formula will be Cu3(PO4)2. The chemical formula for a compound of copper atoms with a +2 charge and covalently bonded molecules with 1 phosphorus and 4 oxygen atoms is Cu3(PO4)
1. The phosphorus oxide group is covalently bonded to form the PO4 molecule, which has a -3 charge as a whole, due to the presence of four oxygen atoms that have a -2 charge. The Cu2+ ions balance the PO43- ions to create a compound with a neutral charge.
There are two PO43- ions in the formula, which means there are eight oxygen atoms and two phosphorus atoms. To make the formula electrically balanced, there must be three copper atoms, each with a +2 charge.
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An object velocity can be described by I s acceleration and direction
Answers
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Balanced chemical equation for the combustion of biodiesel
Answers
Answer:
carbon dioxide + water+ energy+ soot+carbon monoxide
compare the three characteristics of the states of matter ( solid , liquid and gas)
you answer and i will mark u as brainliest
Answers
Explanation:
btw this is secondary school science level :
solid:
•solids have a definite shape and volume.
• they cannot be compressed
•high density
•particles vibrate in a fixed position
•high melting point
Liquid:
•no fixed shape
•partcles are free to move over eachother but are still attracted to one another
•almost incompressible
•have fixed volume but no fixed shape
•denser tagt solids
•there is space between particles
Gas:
•easy to compress
•expand to fill their containers
•particles are free to move around
•Do not have a fixed volume or shape
•gasses can diffuse- their particles move from an are of high concentration to low concentration
•low density
these are just some things of the top of my head. hope it helps