When you transferred the hot metal from the boiling water and into the calorimeter (coffee cup), if the thermometer touched the hot metal sample, how will this affect each of the following:
a) Change in temperature of the water.
b) Change in temperature of the metal sample.
c) Specific heat of the metal. Explain.

The highest hole current that may be extracted from a semi-infinite n-type semiconductor bar in steady-state with uniform penetrating light and minority carrier extraction at the surface at x=0 is as follows:

For low-level injection, the steady-state minority carrier concentration may be calculated as the square root of the product of the diffusion constant and the generation rate divided by the minority carrier semiconductor lifespan. The minority carrier current density may be calculated by multiplying the minority carrier concentration by the hole mobility and the electric field in the depletion area. The maximum hole current density at the surface may be approximated as the product of the minority carrier current density at the surface and a linearly graded electric field in the depletion area.

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Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its motion. The kinetic energy of a body depends on the body mass and velocity.

The formula for calculating the kinetic energy of a body is expressed as:

where:

m is the mass of the body

v is the velocity or speed of the body

The abbreviated electron configuration for Al2+ is [Ne]3s2 3p1

since Al has 13 electrons :  [Ne]3s2 3p1

Al2+ means it has lost 2 electrons to become :  [Ne]3s1

Electronic configurations in chemistry can be describe as the way each electron move independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. which also means  the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus.

An electron in simple term is a negatively charged subatomic particle that binds together with protons and neutrons  to form an atom's nucleus. it can also be seen as a tiny particle of matter that is smaller than an atom and has a negative electrical charge in it.

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The compound magnesium chloride is produced when magnesium and chlorine interact. Below is a formula for the equation. Mg+Cl2→MgCl2.

To determine accuracy or systematic error, an experiment using different methodologies is conducted.

If a significant difference exists between an experimental average and the population mean (), also known as the "true value," the t-test is employed to ascertain this. With the help of standard reference materials and quality control standards, this method is used to assess the findings of experiments.

In the range of research techniques currently employed in science, comparative studies play a crucial role. They enable scientists to use a treatment-control design in circumstances where experimentation is not an option, and they can offer priceless knowledge on the relationships between variables.

To determine accuracy or systematic error, an experiment using different methodologies is conducted. To see how this experiment works with the others, review MV - The Experimental Plan.

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Answer:

2NaCN + CaCO3 --> Na2CO3 + Ca(CN)2

Explanation:

Knowing the names gets us: NaCN + CaCO3 --> Na2CO3 + Ca(CN)2

Balance: there are two sodiums and cyanides on the product side so add a 2 to the reactant side.

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

The reaction equation is

3H2(g) + N2(g) -----> 2NH3(g)

1)If 1 mole of N2 yields 2 moles of NH3

12 moles of N2 will yield 12 * 2/1 = 24 moles of NH3

2) 3 moles of nitrogen reacts with 1 mole of nitrogen

6 moles of hydrogen will react with 6 * 1/3 = 2 moles of nitrogen

3) The limiting reactant yields the least amount of product

If 1 mole of nitrogen yields 2 moles of NH3

40 moles of nitrogen yields 40 * 2/1 = 80 moles of NH3

If 3 moles of hydrogen yields 2 moles of NH3

30 moles of hydrogen yields 30 * 2/3 = 20 moles of NH3

Hence hydrogen is the limiting reactant

4) Number of moles in 80g of NH3 = 80g/17g/mol = 4.71 moles

3 moles of hydrogen produces 2 moles of ammonia

x moles of hydrogen produces 4.71 moles of ammonia

x = 3 * 4.71/2 = 7.065 moles of hydrogen

Mass = 7.065 moles of hydrogen * 2 g/mol

Mass = 14.13 g of hydrogen

The total mass of the balloon and its content is 1521.17 g, the number of moles of CO₂ in the balloon is 34.15 mol, and the number of CO₂ molecules in the balloon is 2.06 x 10²⁵ molecules.

a) The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol. To find the total mass of the balloon and its content, we need to add the mass of the balloon (20g) to the mass of the CO₂ inside the balloon.

Mass of CO₂ = number of moles of CO₂ x molar mass of CO₂

Since the balloon is at STP (standard temperature and pressure), we can use the molar volume of a gas at STP (22.4 L/mol) to find the number of moles of CO₂ in the balloon:

Volume of CO₂ = Volume of balloon = 765 L (at STP)

Number of moles of CO₂ = volume of CO₂ / molar volume of a gas at STP

                                          = 765 L / 22.4 L/mol

                                          = 34.15 mol

Mass of CO₂ = 34.15 mol x 44.01 g/mol

                       = 1501.17 g

Total mass of balloon and its content = 20 g + 1501.17 g

                                                               = 1521.17 g

b) Number of moles of CO₂ in the balloon is 34.15 mol

c) To find the number of CO₂ molecules in the balloon, we need to use Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mol).

Number of CO₂ molecules = number of moles of CO₂ x Avogadro's number

                                           = 34.15 mol x 6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mol

                                           = 2.06 x 10²⁵ molecules

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Answer:

The reaction between carbon (C) and water (H2O) forms carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

C(s) + H2O(g) -> CO(g) + H2(g)

According to this balanced equation, one mole of carbon reacts with one mole of water to produce one mole of carbon monoxide and one mole of hydrogen gas.

First, calculate the number of moles of carbon in 34 grams. The molar mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 grams/mole.

Moles of carbon = 34 grams / 12.01 grams/mole = 2.831 moles

As the stoichiometry of the reaction shows a 1:1 ratio between carbon and hydrogen, the moles of hydrogen produced would also be 2.831 moles.

The molar mass of hydrogen (H2) is approximately 2 grams/mole.

So, the mass of hydrogen produced = 2.831 moles * 2 grams/mole = 5.662 grams

Therefore, if 34 grams of carbon reacts with an unlimited amount of water, approximately 5.66 grams of hydrogen gas would be formed.

Explanation:

Approximations followed for answer.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

kisses

Explanation:

mwah

Answer:

B.K2(OH)2 i think that is the answer

The answer is 0.46 ml of the original H₂S0₄ and dilute to a final volume of 100 ml.

Normality is a measure of concentration equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution.

Normality = Number of gram equivalents × [volume of solution in litres]⁻¹

Preparing 100. ml of 0.1 N H₂S0₄

Eq. wt. of H₂S0₄ = 98/2=49

density of H₂S0₄= 1.08

Purity =98%

1 N H₂S0₄ = 49 gH₂S0₄ / liter

1  gm equiv wt /L x 1 gm equiv. wt / 2 = 98 / 2 = 49 g)

0.1 N H2SO4 = 4.9 g / L

To make 100 ml (0.100 L) we would need 4.9 \(\rm \frac{g}{L}\) x 0.1 L

= 0.49 g H₂S0₄/100ml

Original density = 1.08 g / ml

with a purity of 98%,

this converts to 1.08 g x 0.98 = 1.058 g /ml

0.49 g H₂S0₄ x 1 ml / 1.058 g = 0.46 ml of original H₂S0₄needed

Therefore to make the desired solution

Take 0.46 ml of the original H₂S0₄ and dilute to a final volume of 100 ml.

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The amount of each type of ion in an ionic compound is determined by the principle of electroneutrality.

In an ionic compound, the cation (positively charged ion) and anion (negatively charged ion) are held together by electrostatic attraction. To achieve electroneutrality in the compound, the number of cations and anions must be equal, such that the positive charges of the cations balance the negative charges of the anions.

For example, in the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium ion (Na+) has a single positive charge and the chloride ion (Cl-) has a single negative charge. To achieve electroneutrality, the number of sodium ions and chloride ions must be equal in the compound. Therefore, one sodium ion combines with one chloride ion to form one molecule of NaCl.

Similarly, in calcium chloride (CaCl2), the calcium ion (Ca2+) has a double positive charge, and the chloride ion (Cl-) has a single negative charge. To achieve electroneutrality, two chloride ions are required for each calcium ion. Therefore, one calcium ion combines with two chloride ions to form one molecule of CaCl2.

In summary, the amount of each type of ion in an ionic compound is determined by the principle of electroneutrality, which requires that the number of cations and anions must be equal in the compound to achieve a neutral charge.

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Answer:

2918.4 torr

Explanation:

From;

PV=nRT

We have that the new conditions of the gas are;

V = 12.0 L

T1 = 177 + 273 = 450 K

n = 1.25 mol

R= 0.082 atm LK-1mol-1

P= ?

P = nRT/V

P = 1.25 *  0.082 * 450/12.0

P = 3.84 atm

Since

1 atm = 760 torr

3.84 atm = 3.84 * 760 = 2918.4 torr

Compared to 2,3,4-trifluoropentane, the nonane's carbon chains are longer.

A substance's molar mass is defined as its molecular weight in grams. By adding the molar masses of a substance's constituent atoms, we may get the substance's molar mass. Then, to convert between mass and the quantity of moles of the material, we may utilize the computed molar mass.

Adding the atomic masses of a particular substance results in the calculation of molar mass. Below each element's symbol on the periodic table is a designation of the mass of that specific element. The molar mass is obtained by averaging the atomic masses obtained from the periodic table.

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Answer:

reduces the greenhouse effect

Mass of Na₂SO₄= 14.346 g

Given

17 g NaHCO₃

0.4 mol H₂SO₄

Required

mass of Na₂SO₄

Solution

Reaction

H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 NaHCO₃ (aq) ⇒ Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2 CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O (l)

mol NaHCO₃ :

= mass : MW

= 17 g : 84 g/mol

= 0.202

Find limiting reactant = mol : coefficient

H₂SO₄ = 0.4 :  1 = 0.4

NaHCO₃ = 0.202 : 2 = 0.101

NaHCO₃ as a limiting reactant (smaller ratio)

Mol Na₂SO₄ based on mol NaHCO₃

From the equation, mol ratio NaHCO₃ : Na₂SO₄ = 2 : 1, so mol Na₂SO₄ :

= 1/2 x mol NaHCO₃

= 1/2 x 0.202

= 0.101

Mass of Na₂SO₄ :

= mol x MW

= 0.101 x 142,04 g/mol

= 14.346 g

When 3.25grams of sodium acetate trihydrate were mixed in a test tube inside a calorimeter the temperature of water was increased by 15.5. the reaction is   the heat of solution of sodium acetate trihydrate is endothermic and the process of recrystallisation is exothermic.

Sodium acetate trihydrate is a hydrated compound an when solid sodium acetate trihydrate is heated above 59°C it will looses it hydration of water and  dissolve in that water . and the salt of sodium acetate trihydrate is fully dissolved at 79°C. the heat of solution of sodium acetate is endo thermic and the reverse process and we add seed crystal to it and when it crystallize back the process then said to be exothermic process that means it gives out heat.

therefore, When 3.25grams of sodium acetate trihydrate were mixed in a test tube inside a calorimeter the temperature of water was increased by 15.5. the reaction is   the heat of solution of sodium acetate trihydrate is endothermic and the process of recrystallisation is exothermic.

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Answer:

One of the values is an outlier (1.916)

Gcalc = 2.475

Explanation:

Using the Grubbs test:

Sorted values :

1.341

1.346

1.349

1.349

1.353

1.356

1.358

1.916

Mean of data (m) : ΣX / n

n = number of observations

(1.341 + 1.346 + 1.349 + 1.349 + 1.353 + 1.356 + 1.358 + 1.916) / 8

= 11.369 / 8

= 1.421

Standard deviation(sd) : Σ(X - m) / n

To save computation time, we can obtain standard deviation using a calculator :

Standard deviation = 0.200

Scrubb test statistic (G) :

max|X - m| / sd

| 1.341 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.400

| 1.346 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.375

| 1.349 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.36

| 1.349 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.36

| 1.353 -1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.34

| 1.356 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.325

| 1.358 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 0.315

| 1.916 - 1.421 | / 0.200 = 2.475

((Xmax - X) / sd) = 2.475

Z score = 2.475

The P-value as obtained from the p value calculator for a Zscore of 2.475 is 0.013324.

The result is significant at p< 0.05

Hence, the outlier is 1.916

Mass of the pure silver deposited on a metal object made into the cathode of the cell is calculated to be 0.0217 gm.

The process of using electrodeposition to coat an object in a layer of metal is called electroplating .

As we know that, Q = I * t

=0.270 * 72

= 19.44 C

Here Q is quantity of electricity , I is current in amperes = 0.270 A (given)

t is time in seconds (72.0 sec)

As 96500 Coulomb of electricity electrolyzes 1 mole of Ag

then,19.44 C of electricity deposits,

=1/96500 * 19.44

= 0.000201 moles of Ag

Mass of Ag is = number of moles * molar mass

= 0.000201 * 108

= 0.0217 gm

Thus, mass of pure silver deposited on a metal object made into the cathode of the cell is  0.0217 gm.

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Answer:

Villi

Explanation:

Villi are folds on the small intestine lining that increase the surface area to facilitate the absorption of nutrients.

The modification of the small intestinal wall that serves to increase surface area is called the microvilli.

Along the length of your small intestine, there are minute, finger-like extensions called intestinal villi comprised of cells.

Here,

Villi are projections that are finger-like and are densely populated with blood vessels. They are found in the inner lining of the small intestine and aid in nutrient absorption by expanding the surface area for absorption.

When we consume food, nutrients are taken up by our villi, which subsequently transport them into our bloodstream to be transported to where they are needed.

Digestive enzymes are present in the microvilli, which aid in the breakdown of proteins and carbohydrates. Villi aid in nutrient absorption in this manner.

Hence,

The modification of the small intestinal wall that serves to increase surface area is called the microvilli.

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In the graph we see that when we increase the mass of baking soda, the volume of CO2 formed increases. Since there will be more reagent to react.

But there comes a mass when the slope flattens out and presents a similar volume even if the mass of baking soda is increased.

This may be because the other reactant becomes a limiting reactant, so the gas production will no longer depend on the amount of mass of baking soda but on the other reactant. That is why you see two slopes with different behaviors.

An aqueous magnesium chloride solution is made by dissolving 7.40 moles of MgCl₂ in sufficient water so that the final volume of the solution is 4.80 L. the molarity of the MgCl₂ solution is equal to 1.54 M.

Molarity is a unit of concentration, which measures the number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution. To calculate molarity, one divides the amount of solute (in moles) by the total volume of the solution (in liters). In chemistry, molarity is often used to measure concentrations of acids, bases, and other solutes in solutions. This unit of concentration is important in lab work, as it allows scientists and researchers to accurately measure and predict the behavior of solutions.

Molarity (M) = /\(\frac{moles of solute}{liters of solution }\)

Molarity (M) =  \(\frac{7.4mol}{4.8L}\)

Molarity (M) = 1.54 M

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Answer:

Explanation:

The kinetic energy of an object can be found by using the formula

\(k = \frac{1}{2} m {v}^{2} \\ \)

m is the mass

v is the velocity

From the question we have

\(k = \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \times {2}^{2} \\ = \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \times 4 \\ = 3 \times 2\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

A. Chemical potential to Kinetic energy

Explanation:

The car engine burns gas to produce motion. Burning is a form of chemical reaction and the motion produced is the kinetic energy.

1) Solute. A solute is a substance that dissolves when put into another substance (the solvent).

NaCl dissolves when placed into water. So, NaCl is the solute.

The mass of the solute is 25.0 g.

.

Answer:

Explanation:

Hello,

Data;

R = 8.314J/(mol.K)

Temp (winter) = 0°C = (0 + 273.15)K = 274.15K

Temp.(summer) = 30°C = (30 + 273.15)K = 303.15K

Molar mass of He = 4g/mol = 0.004kg/mol

Molar mass of Xe = 131.29g/mol = 0.131kg/mol

a) rms speed in winter and summer

Vrms = √(3RT/M)

R = gas constant

T = temperature of the gas

M = molar mass of the gas

In winter,

Vrms = √(3×8.314×273.15) / 0.004

Vrms = 1.30×10³m/s

In summer

Vrms = √(3×8.314×303.15) / 0.004

Vrms = 1.37×10³m/s

b) Vrms of Xe at 30°C

Vrms = √(3 × 8.314 × 303.15) / 0.131

Vrms of Xe = 240.24m/s = 2.40×10²m/s

Vrms of He = 1.37×10³m/s

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 1.37×10³ / 2.40×10²

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 5.7

c) K.E per mole

At 30°C

K.E of He = (3/2) × 8.314 × 303.15

K.E of He = 3.78×10³J/mol

K.E of Xe = (3/2) × 8.314 × 303.15

K.E of Xe = 3.78×10³J/mol

d) K.E per molecule = ½mv²

K.E of He molecule = ½ × 0.004 × 1.37×10³

K.E = 2.74J

The rms speed of He in winter and in summer are 1.30×10³m/s & 1.37×10³m/s respectively, ratio of the rms speed of He to that of Xe at 30 degree celsius is 5.7, average kinetic energy per mole of He and of Xe and average kinetic energy per molecule of He are discussed below.

Root mean square velocity of the gases will be calculated as:

Vrms = √(3RT/M), where

R = universal gas constant = 8.314J/(mol.K)

M = molar mass of gas in kg/mol

T = temperature in K

At 273.15K-

Vrms = √(3×8.314×273.15) / 0.004 = 1.30×10³m/s

At 303.15K-

Vrms = √(3×8.314×303.15) / 0.004 = 1.37×10³m/s

Vrms (winter×summer) = 1.30×10³m/s × 1.37×10³m/s = 1.78×10⁶m/s

Vrms = √(3 × 8.314 × 303.15) / 0.131

Vrms of Xe = 240.24m/s = 2.40×10²m/s

Vrms of He = 1.37×10³m/s

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 1.37×10³ / 2.40×10²

Rate of He / rate of Xe = 5.7

K.E = 3RT / 2N, where

N = avgadros number = 6.022×10²³ atoms/mole

Average kinetic energy per mole of He & Xe at 303.15K is same as:

K.E = 3/2(1.38 × 10⁻²³J/K)(303.15K) = 6.2 × 10⁻²⁵J/mol

K.E of He molecule = ½ × 0.004 × 1.37×10³

K.E = 2.74J

Hence, calculations for the given points are described above.

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The chemical equation for the reaction 2H⁺(aq) + S₂⁻(aq) → H₂S(g) can be represented as 2H⁺(aq) + S₂⁻(aq) → H₂S(g).

A chemical equation uses symbols and formulas to express a chemical reaction. It displays the products on the right side of the arrow and the reactants on the left.

For example, in the chemical equation

2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l),

represents the reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O₂) to produce liquid water (H₂O). The coefficient "2" in front of H₂ and H₂O indicates that two molecules of hydrogen gas and two molecules of water are involved in the reaction.

The equation is balanced using coefficients to make sure that each element has the same amount of atoms on both sides. The substances involved in the reaction and their stoichiometric relationship are described by chemical equations.

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