when the macromolecules are broken down, often to be used to provide energy to make atp during the process of
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The process of breaking down macromolecules to provide energy for the production of ATP is called cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell.
There are three main stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. These stages take place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, which then enter the citric acid cycle. During the citric acid cycle, the pyruvate molecules are broken down further to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and other molecules. Finally, during oxidative phosphorylation, the electrons produced during the citric acid cycle are transferred to oxygen molecules, producing water and releasing energy that is used to produce ATP.
Overall, cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down macromolecules to produce ATP, which is used to fuel the cell's metabolic processes and maintain its energy needs.
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Related Questions
Which enzyme starts the process of DNA replication
Answers
Answer:
DNA polymerase
Explanation:
What is the continuous interrelationship between the living and non living things in a certain place
Answers
Answer:
The relationship between the living and non-living things forms an ecosystem. Non-living things like water, air, soil, and others are required by the living organisms for leading their life cycle. Thus this can be said that both living and non-living things are interdependent on each other and forms an ecosystem
Which of the following microorganisms are NOT used in biotechnology as such? A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Viruses D. Protozoans
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\({ \tt{option \: (d)}} \: { \red{protozoans}}\)
Explanation:-
New organisms in biotechnology offer the possibility to detect novel products. It's good. But the role of protozoa in biotechnology has largely been ignored. We know that protozoa play important roles in treatment of com- munal and industrial wastewaters and some as parasites of man.
Which of the following is an example of a
consumer?
A. Bacteria
O B. Tulips
O C. Algae
2. D. Butterflies
Answers
One specialist indicates that a 10% increase in the standard deviation of a stopwatch time study data series results in a 31% increase in sample size. Do you agree with that statement?
Analyze and indicate if the specialist is right or wrong. Clearly state the effect that increase in standard deviation has on sample size in this case. What happens to the sample size: does it increase, decrease, does it remain invariant? As soon as? In either situation, whether or not you agree with the statement, show all the calculations that lead to valid engineering conclusions for the behavior of the sample size given the increase in the standard deviation.
Answers
The specialist's statement is incorrect. An increase in the standard deviation of a stopwatch time study data series does not directly result in a proportional increase in the sample size.
The sample size in a stopwatch time study is determined based on the desired level of precision and the desired level of confidence. The precision is influenced by the standard deviation of the data series, while the confidence level determines the desired level of accuracy.
Increasing the standard deviation of the data series alone does not directly dictate an increase or decrease in the sample size. Instead, it affects the required precision, which in turn affects the sample size. If a higher level of precision is desired due to the increased standard deviation, the sample size may need to be increased to achieve the desired level of accuracy.
To determine the specific effect of the increase in standard deviation on the sample size, additional information is needed, such as the desired level of precision and the desired level of confidence. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the precise impact of the change in standard deviation on the sample size. Therefore, we cannot agree with the specialist's statement without further clarification and specific calculations based on the desired level of precision and confidence.
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A study was conducted in a particular preschool to investigate whether there is a link between breastfecding and a child's level of intellectual functioning, 20 breastfed and 40 not breastfed (non-breastfed) four year old children were involved. Each child is allocated a unique ID number between 1 and 60 (inclusive). Each child had to answer a few basic questions. To motivate them to answer all questions, the investigator offered Whittaker's Miraka Kirīmi (chocolate) bar. (a) For each of the following scenarios, identify the named distribution that can be used to model X, including its parameter(s). i. Each day a randomly chosen child is given a chocolate bar. All 60 children are in the draw every day. Let X be the number of days before the child with ID number 1 is chosen twice. Note that the day on which the child with ID number 1 is chosen for the second time is not counted. [2 marks] ii. Five children are randomly chosen to sit around one table and do their test. Let X be the number of non-breastfed children chosen. [2 marks] (b) Refer to your choice of named distribution in 2(a)ii above and answer the following questions. i. Find the expected value of X,E(X), and the variance of X,Var(X). [2 marks] ii. What is the probability that at least one child in the group of five children chosen to do the test is breastfed? [2 marks]
Answers
The variance of X, Var(X), for the hypergeometric distribution, the formula is: 1.67
How to calculate the valueThe hypergeometric distribution has three parameters:central idea
N: the total population size (60 children in this case)
K: the number of success states in the population (40 non-breastfed children in this case)
n: the number of draws (5 children chosen in this case)
To calculate the variance of X, Var(X), for the hypergeometric distribution, the formula is:
Var(X) = n * (K / N) * ((N - K) / N) * ((N - n) / (N - 1))
Using the same values as before, we have:
Var(X) = 5 * (40 / 60) * ((60 - 40) / 60) * ((60 - 5) / (60 - 1))
= 1.67
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You are studying a population of Dlugosch’s Small Octopus that has been suffering from a skin disease. In your work, you find that some individuals have more resistance (immunity) to the disease than others. You remember learning about life history trade-offs in your Ecology class, and you hypothesize that immunity trades off with investments in other major life history traits in the octopuses. You decide to design a study to test whether higher immunity leads to a lower number of eggs produced by females.
9. State a prediction for what the results of your study would look like if they support the hypothesis given in the Mission.
Make a figure of results that would be consistent with that prediction:
Label y axis with the variable that should be on the
Label x axis with the variable that should be on the
Draw results bars or lines consistent with your prediction
If the infection reduces the population size of the octopus, would you predict an r or a K strategy would be more likely to evolve (based on what we discussed in class)? Explain why that life history strategy would be favored in a small population, and give at least two traits associated with the strategy that you predict.
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If higher immunity leads to a lower number of eggs produced by females in Dlugosch's Small Octopus, then there will be a negative correlation between immunity level and egg production.
A K approach would be more likely to develop if the illness causes the octopus population to decline. Resources are few in a tiny community, therefore long-term stability and survival are prioritized over rapid population expansion. The K approach emphasizes having fewer kids while allocating more resources to ensuring their survival and welfare. In a small population, the following two characteristics connected to a K strategy might be more prevalent:
Increased parental care: Parents invest more time and resources in raising a smaller number of offspring to increase their chances of survival and reproductive success.
Delayed maturation: Individuals take longer to reach reproductive maturity, allowing them to invest more time in growth, development, and building up resources before reproduction.
These traits help ensure the survival and success of the limited number of offspring in a small population, aligning with the K-selected life history strategy.
In this figure, the y-axis represents the number of eggs produced by females, and the x-axis represents the immunity level of the octopuses. The bars or lines would show a decreasing trend as the immunity level increases, indicating a negative relationship between immunity and egg production.
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List 4 types of molecules important for cell processes.
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ANSWER :
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic acidsHope it helps ya...!!♡
Which of the following does not distinguish a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell
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Answer:What are the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles with a nucleus, and are large, while prokaryotic cells are small and do not have membrane-bound organelles. eukaryotic cells can also reproduce asexually by mitosis, while prokaryotic cells cannot.
Explanation:hope this helps and happy halloween
Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bounded nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do not have such a nucleus'.
What does not distinguish a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.
Thus, Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bounded nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do not have such a nucleus'.
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Humans use selective breeding to pass desired _______________ on to the next generation of organisms. a. chromosomes c. gametes b. alleles d. traits please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
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Red bone marrow functions in the formation of __________. multiple choice red and white blood cells only red and white blood cells and platelets osteocytes red blood cells only white blood cells only
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Red bone marrow functions in the formation of red, white blood cells and platelets.
What is bone marrow?Bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels and also present in the center of most bones. Red bone marrow is a region where red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells are produced.
So we can conclude that red bone marrow functions in the formation of red, white blood cells and platelets.
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1) Which of the following statements is true?
A: Chloroplasts are the green chemicals inside a plant that allows plants to use the Sun's energy to make food.
B: Chlorophyll is a green chemical inside a plant that allows plants to use the Sun's energy to make food.
C: Chlorophyll is a green chemical inside the roots of a plant that allows plants to use the Sun's energy to make food.
D: Chlorophyll is a green chemical absorbed into a plant that allows them to use the Sun's energy to make food.
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the answer is b ,: Chlorophyll is a green chemical inside a plant that allows plants to use the Sun's energy to make food.
How are humans impacting the carbon cycle positively?
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Which of the following is not an example
of speed?
A 8 feet per millisecond
B 40 kilometers per hour
C 2 inches per month
D
3 centimeters per liter
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
3 centimetres per litre
Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points) (01.03 LC) Organic molecules are sometimes found within meteorites that crash into Earth. Which meteorite condition in space is similar to what most likely was present in Earth's early atmosphere? Abundance of oxygen Very cold temperatures Presence of inorganic molecules Low levels of ultraviolet radiation
Answers
Answer:
Presence of inorganic molecules
Explanation:
Earth's primitive atmosphere contained a mix of different inorganic compounds (gases) including, among others, water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), etc. It has been proposed that these inorganic molecules would generate the conditions needed to form a "primordial soup" of organic molecules (i.e., RNA nucleotides, amino acids, etc). Subsequently, this soup would accumulate in water bodies of the primitive Earth due to endogenous abiotic syntheses and the delivery caused by comet/meteorite collisions.
Answer:
C. Presence of inorganic molecules
Explanation: i took the test and got it correct :)
when elements combine chemically why are they not easily identifiable
Answers
Answer:
they form a radical
Explanation:
radical act as a single unit during chemical reaction..
How much is DNA important to identify a group? Give a brief explanation on race ,whiteness and property? Does biological anthropologists and genome scientist need to add the relation between Europeans and Indigenous people while doing their research?
Answers
DNA is important in identifying genetic relationships within a group, but it alone is not sufficient to determine complex social constructs like race, whiteness, or property; the inclusion of social, cultural, and historical factors is crucial in understanding these concepts.
Biological anthropologists and genome scientists should consider the relationship between Europeans and Indigenous people in their research to provide a more comprehensive understanding of human genetic diversity and population history.
DNA analysis can provide valuable insights into genetic relationships within a group, such as determining genetic ancestry or identifying related individuals. However, race, whiteness, and property are social constructs that go beyond genetic factors and are shaped by historical, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. These concepts are complex and cannot be solely explained by genetic data. Therefore, it is important for researchers, including biological anthropologists and genome scientists, to recognize the limitations of genetic data and consider the broader social context when studying race, whiteness, and property.
In the context of researching Europeans and Indigenous people, it is crucial for researchers to acknowledge and incorporate the historical and ongoing relationships between these groups. This includes understanding colonization, displacement, and the impact of power dynamics on genetic diversity and health outcomes. By including this relationship in their research, scientists can contribute to a more accurate and nuanced understanding of human genetics and promote social and scientific equity.
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The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B 1, also called thiamine. Vitamin B 1 has to be obtained through the diet. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B 1?
Answers
The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B1, also known as thiamine. Vitamin B1 is necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system, the heart, and the gastrointestinal tract.
In cellular respiration, thiamine is required for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which is an essential step. This occurs in the first stage of cellular respiration known as glycolysis. The pyruvate molecule produced in glycolysis moves into the mitochondrial matrix in the second stage, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to produce ATP, which is the energy source for cells. Cellular respiration would come to a halt without vitamin B1 during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a precursor molecule that is necessary for the citric acid cycle. When vitamin B1 is not present, pyruvate will not be converted to acetyl-CoA.
This, in turn, prevents the citric acid cycle from starting, which would cause cellular respiration to stop. As a result, vitamin B1 is required for the efficient metabolism of glucose in cells. Therefore, vitamin B1 plays a critical role in energy metabolism, and its absence of it can cause serious health issues.
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Please help me determine the phenotype for each of these.
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In Mendelian genetics, dominant alleles are represented with capital letters meanwhile, recessive are represented in lowercase, also it doesn't specify if it´s complete dominance, or incomplete dominance, therefore, we will assume the most basic case: complete dominance. That is to say when there is a dominant allele (capital letter) the trait shown will be the one that the dominant allele has, the recessive trait will only be shown in absence of the dominant trait, so there will have to be two lower case letters.
List of traits, alleles, and phenotype.
Eyes (Ee): Two small eyes
Eye Color (rr): white eyes
Skin Color (Bb): Blue skin
Tail shape (CC): Curly tail
Tail color ((PP): Purple tail
Tail (Tt): Have tail
Teeth (SS): Sharp teeth
Feet (Ff): Feet with four toes
Horn Color (Ww): Purple horns
Ear shape (Yy): Pointy ears
Ears (Nn): No ears
Claws (Ll): Long claws
Finally, it is coded the color and/or shape for ears and tail, however, is also coded if has or not ears and tail, so in this case says it has no ears (Nn), in that case, the character for ear shape is irrelevant because there are no ears, in this particular case, if you would have obtained a monster with ears that character makes all sense.
How does the aorta compare in size to the other blood vessels near it?
Answers
Answer: Its wider and thicker than most blood vessels
Answer: The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. This artery is responsible for transporting oxygen rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body. The aorta begins at the left ventricle of the heart, extending upward into the chest to form an arch.
Blood vessels are the channels or conduits through which blood is distributed to body tissues. The vessels make up two closed systems of tubes that begin and end at the heart. One system, the pulmonary vessels, transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium.
Explanation:
A food contains 1.1 grams carbohydrates, 13 grams protein, and 11 grams fats. how many calories does the food provide?
Answers
Step by step.
We know Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram, protein provides 4 calories per gram, and fat provides 9 calories per gram.
So (1.1 x 4) + (13 x 4) + (11 x 9) = total calories.
4.4 + 52 + 99 = 155.4 total calories.
The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is:___.
a. symbiosis.
b. associative living.
c. colonialism.
d. interdependence.
Answers
The term for a close association between organisms of two or more species is Symbiosis. Option A. is correct.
Symbiosis is a biological relationship that benefits two different species that are in direct contact. In general, there are three main types of symbiotic relationships, each distinguished by the nature of the benefits that are provided to each species that participates. They are mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Mutualism describes the close association of two or more species in which both benefit. Commensalism describes the close association of two or more species in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Parasitism describes the close association of two or more species in which one species benefits while the other is harmed.
Therefore, Option A. symbiosis is correct.
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why do you think people that are homozygous (tt) for the dominant allele have a much stronger bitter taste?
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what is the function of a circulatory system mastering biology
Answers
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, ensuring proper functioning of organs and tissues, and maintaining homeostasis.
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, plays a crucial role in mastering biology. Its primary function is to transport vital substances, such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products, throughout the body. Comprised of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, this system ensures the efficient distribution and exchange of these substances to support the functioning of all organs and tissues.
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped by the heart to tissues, providing the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration. The circulatory system also facilitates the delivery of nutrients and hormones required for cellular activities, as well as the removal of metabolic waste products like carbon dioxide. The circulatory system aids in regulating body temperature, pH balance, and immune responses, contributing to overall homeostasis and optimal biological functioning.
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The correct question is:
What is the function of a circulatory system mastering biology?
How does the microvilli adapt a cell to it's function of absorbing glucose?
Answers
Blood capillaries are abundant in microVilli, and as blood is constantly flowing through them, a sharp concentration gradient is kept there.
Explain about the functioning of small intestine?The alimentary canal as well as the accompanying glands make up the digestive system. It is segmented into several parts, including the mouth, stomach, and the large and small intestines. These areas are where unique digestion and absorption processes occur.
The large intestine transports the food to the colon, from where it travels to the rectum and then exits the body by the anus. The small intestine continues to transport food including the stomach up to the colon. This organ's primary job is to facilitate digestion.Microvilli are protrusions seen on the epithelial cells that encase each villus. All of these broaden the surface area that food that has been digested—now just simple molecules—is absorbed over. The majority of the food that has been digested goes through the gut wall's epithelial cells and is then transported to the liver by blood.Know more about the small intestine
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which description is the best definition of a single nucleotide polymorphism, or snp? any variation in a single dna base between two individuals any variation in the sequence of genes that alters the morphology of an organism an rna protein in the spliceosome that marks where introns get excised during splicing events an artificially induced mutation in a protein coding region of the genome
Answers
The most accurate description of a snp, or single nucleotide polymorphism any difference in a single DNA nucleotide between two people.
Which of the following definitions most accurately describes a single nucleotide polymorphism, or snp?A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a variation in a single DNA base between two individuals.SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation and can occur in any location within a gene or the non-coding regions of the genome.SNPs are often used to study genetic differences between individuals or populations and to identify potential genetic risk factors for diseases.SNPs can result from both naturally occurring events and artificially induced mutations.When a SNP occurs in a protein coding region of the genome, it can have an effect on the function of the protein, which in turn can affect the phenotype of the organism.SNPs can also be used to trace ancestry and to identify populations that share a common evolutionary history.SNP data can be used to study the evolution and population structure of a species, as well as to identify potential gene-environment interactions.To learn more about single nucleotide polymorphism, or snp refer to:
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Eukaryotes have more ways to obtain energy than prokaryotes.
a. True
b. False
Answers
Eukaryotes have more ways to obtain energy than prokaryotes; this is true for the first option, as eukaryotic cells have specialized organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What is the significance of the eukaryotic energy system?They have specialized organelles, such as mitochondria, that perform oxidative phosphorylation, but these organelles are not present in prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotes can obtain energy by several other means, such as anaerobic respiration, fermentation, and chemosynthesis.
Hence, eukaryotes have more ways to obtain energy than prokaryotes; this is true for the first option, as eukaryotic cells have specialized organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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What do most living things use carbohydrates for?
Answers
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
They are used as fuels to provide the energy for human beings bodies. Cellulose, which makes up the walls of plant cells, is a carbohydrate.
some of the stem cells in bone become osteoclasts during differentiation. researchers have shown that chemical signals called cytokines are released into the extracellular fluid by bone stem cells in response to environmental stimuli. the researchers also have shown that the cytokines induce these same bone stem cells to differentiate into osteoclasts. this example illustrates how a(n) signal functions in the human body
Answers
Chemical signals called cytokines to induce bone stem cells to differentiate into osteoclasts illustrating how an autocrine signal functions in the human body.
Cytokines are small peptides with cell signaling functions. Cytokines may be involved in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. In this question, we analyze cytokines’ role by their signaling types.
Types of signaling can be different and depend on where they’re released
Endocrine: released into the bloodstream and then acts on the target cells,Paracrine: may or may not be released into the bloodstream and then acts on the nearby cells,Autocrine: Secreted by the cell that causes biological effects on the cell.Intracrine: Acts intracellularly on the synthesized cells.Know more about signaling molecules here: https://brainly.com/question/28182068
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Select all the job(s) of the membrane:
house genetic material
communication between cells
exchange of materials
energy
signal replication when neighboring cells missing