When one substance attracts and combines with another substance to form a uniform solution, the process is called ___
a. Absorption b. Adsorption
c. Subcooling d. Subheating

Answer:

Hh

Explanation:

Yu

Beer-law Lambert's states that a dye's absorbance is inversely proportionate to its concentration in cases like crystal violet.

The Beer-Lambert Law (also known as the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer Law) states that the absorbance of a dye such as crystal violet is directly proportional to its concentration. This means that as the concentration of the dye increases, the amount of light that is absorbed by the dye also increases. This law is important for measuring the concentration of a solution by measuring its absorbance of light. As the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration, knowing the absorbance allows for the concentration to be calculated. Beer Lambert law, also known as the Beer-Lambert law of absorption, states that there is a linear relationship between the concentration of an absorbing species and the absorptivity of the material. In other words, the greater the concentration of a substance, the greater its ability to absorb light. This law is often used to measure and analyze the concentration of a particular substance in a given sample, such as the concentration of a dye in a solution.

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Answer:

A

nitrogen (N), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi)

Explanation:

Answer:

A. nitrogen (N), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi)

Explanation:

A table comparing the important parameters of the two engine designs is shown below:ParametersDesign 1Design 2Compression Ratio 18:118:1Φ (Equivalence Ratio)0.75 (Richer)0.65 (Leaner)EGR Level 10%15%Intake Temperature 80°C100°C Intake Pressure 1 bar0.5 bar Intake Valve Closing −15 deg BTDC−25 deg BTDC.

The compression ratio is the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity. The compression ratio in Design 1 is 18:1, while in Design 2, it is 18:1. The higher compression ratio is seen in Design 1, which will lead to a higher engine efficiency since more fuel energy is converted into useful work.

The Φ (equivalence ratio) is the ratio of the actual air/fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. A Φ value of 1.0 indicates a stoichiometric mixture, whereas values less than 1.0 indicate a lean mixture and values greater than 1.0 indicate a rich mixture. The Equivalence ratio in Design 1 is 0.75, which means it is running rich, while in Design 2, it is 0.65, which means it is running lean.

The design 2 engine has a higher Φ (equivalence ratio) level, which may lead to lower NOx emissions due to lean-burn combustion.The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) level in Design 1 is 10%, whereas in Design 2, it is 15%. The EGR level in Design 2 is higher than that in Design 1, which can help to reduce NOx emissions by lowering the temperature of combustion.

Intake temperature is 80°C in Design 1, whereas in Design 2, it is 100°C. The higher intake temperature in Design 2 means that the engine will have a higher thermal efficiency due to the increased Carnot efficiency.Intake pressure is 1 bar in Design 1, while in Design 2, it is 0.5 bar. The higher intake pressure in Design 1 results in more air being compressed into the combustion chamber, allowing for more fuel to be burned and greater efficiency.

Intake Valve Closing (IVC) is −15 deg BTDC in Design 1 and −25 deg BTDC in Design 2. The IVC timing is responsible for trapping the charge in the combustion chamber and influencing the engine's breathing. The lower IVC timing in Design 2 provides less resistance to flow, resulting in greater volumetric efficiency.

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Answer:

helps to trap heat in our atmosphere

The high-density brine drains into the water beneath the ice and in the process, the sea ice freshens while the salinity of the underlying water decreases, becoming less dense (Option C).

Sea ice is usually less salty than the ocean water it freezes from. During the process of ice formation, salt in the ocean water is expelled from the ice as it grows; most of the salt is ejected into the ocean but some remain trapped inside pockets of brine within the ice. When the air temperature falls below the freezing point of seawater (usually around -1.8 °C), water molecules start to form ice crystals, which grow and aggregate into a solid sheet of ice.

During this process, the salt rejected by the growing ice also accumulates, causing the salinity of the remaining brine to increase. Some of the brine is encapsulated within ice crystals, but most are trapped in the spaces between neighboring crystals.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

A is the correct option

Explanation:

batteries have chemical energy and will convert to electricity and when reached to bulb, it emits light as electromagnetic rays

In chemistry, the density of many substances is often compared to that of water. It has a density of 1 g/cm3, which makes it easy to remember and a good point of reference for other substances.

For example, if a substance has a density of 0.7 g/cm3, you can immediately tell that it is less dense than water and will therefore float in it.

This property of water also makes it an ideal medium for many chemical reactions, as most substances will easily dissolve in it and react with each other without the need to be heated or mixed in a special environment. This makes it an essential component of many laboratory experiments, as it can be used to create solutions quickly and safely.

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Answer:

protons

Explanation:

remember that the number of protons in the nucleus determines the protons identity

Answer:

Number of protons

Explanation:

The number of protons is unique to each element's identity and corresponds with the atomic number.

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Answer:

2.35 x 10^-19 joules

Explanation:

The energy (E) of a photon can be calculated using the following formula:

 E = hν

where h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 joule seconds) and ν is the frequency of the radiation.

So, to calculate the energy of a photon with a frequency of 3.54 x 10^14 hertz, we can substitute the values in the formula:

 E = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (3.54 x 10^14 Hz)

E = 2.35 x 10^-19 joules

Therefore, the energy of a photon of radiation with a frequency of 3.54×10^14 hertz is 2.35 x 10^-19 joules.

Chlorine liquid expands approximately 460 times into a gas when warmed.

To determine the expansion factor of chlorine liquid when it is warmed and converted into a gas, we can use the ideal gas law and the molar volume at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

The molar volume at STP is approximately 22.4 liters/mol. If we assume constant pressure and temperature conditions, we can calculate the expansion factor.

Let's consider an arbitrary example where the initial volume of chlorine liquid is V1 and it expands into a gas at temperature T and volume V2.

According to the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

Since the pressure and temperature are constant, we can simplify the equation to:

V1 = n1RT / P1

Similarly,

V2 = n2RT / P2

Since the number of moles (n1 = n2) and the gas constant (R) are the same, we can write:

V1 / V2 = P2 / P1

We know that chlorine liquid expands into a gas, so the volume of the gas (V2) will be greater than the volume of the liquid (V1).

Therefore, the expansion factor can be expressed as:

Expansion Factor = V2 / V1 = P2 / P1

If we let the expansion factor be 460, we have:

460 = P2 / P1

To find the expansion factor in terms of volume, we can rewrite the equation using the relationship between pressure and volume for a fixed amount of gas:

P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

Since P2 / P1 = 460, we have:

V2 / V1 = 1 / (P1 / P2) = 1 / 460

Therefore, the chlorine liquid expands approximately 460 times its original volume when warmed and converted into a gas under constant pressure and temperature conditions.

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The ultimate temperature of gold nuggets is 297 degrees Celsius. As a result, option D is the right answer.

The gold nugget's mass (m) is listed as 376 g.

The specific heat capacity (c) is 0.128 J / g °C.

The heat value (Q) is stated as 4.85 kJ.

Because there is a heat loss, Q will be equivalent to - 4.85 kJ.

1 kJ = 1000 J,

hence - 4.85 kJ = (- 4.85 ✕ 1000) J = - 4850.0 J.

The starting temperature (T1) is 398 K.

The final temperature is calculated using the following formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT......(1)

Where ΔT denotes the final temperature (T₂) minus the initial temperature (T₁).

Rearranging the equation (1).

ΔT = Q/ m*c

Putting values in the above equation.

ΔT = -4850 / (376 * 0.128)

The T is - 100.772 K, which is almost comparable to -101 K.

The formula ΔT = T₂ - T₁

The T1 value is 398 K.

As a result, -101 K = T₂ - (398 K).

As a result, T₂ = (-101) + (398 K) = 297 K.

This implies that the ultimate temperature of gold nuggets is 297 degrees Celsius. As a result, option D is the right answer.

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To obtain the molecular formula of the compound, the empirical formula C₂H₅ should be multiplied by 93.

The empirical formula provides the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound. In this case, the empirical formula C₂H₅ indicates that there are 2 carbon atoms and 5 hydrogen atoms present.

The molecular formula weight can be calculated using the equation:

Molecular formula weight = (Empirical formula weight) × n

The empirical formula weight can be calculated by summing the atomic weights of the atoms in the empirical formula:

Substituting the atomic weights of carbon and hydrogen, we have:

(2 × 12.01 g/mol) + (5 × 1.01 g/mol) × n = 494.845 g/mol

Simplifying the equation:

24.02 g/mol + 5.05 g/mol × n = 494.845 g/mol

Rearranging the equation and solving for n:

5.05 g/mol × n = 494.845 g/mol - 24.02 g/mol

5.05 g/mol × n = 470.825 g/mol

n ≈ 470.825 g/mol ÷ 5.05 g/mol

n ≈ 93.22

Since n represents an integer value, rounding 93.22 to the nearest integer gives us n ≈ 93.

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Combustible: Charcoal, straw, cardboard, paper, candle, wood.

Non-combustible: Chalk, stone, iron rod, copper coin, glass.

Water 3.0 deals mainly with sewage treatment. The primary aim of this project is to reduce the harmful impacts of chemical pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities on natural water resources.

Currently, used wastewater treatment technologies can break down some of the chemicals in wastewater but not all of them. Chemicals that are not broken down are referred to as persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals persist in the environment for long periods, and they can cause severe damage to aquatic life and human health.
Currently, the primary challenge facing water treatment technologies is the removal of persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals from wastewater.

These pollutants are generally water-soluble and resist microbial degradation, making them hard to remove from wastewater using current water treatment technologies. For example, conventional activated sludge treatment used in wastewater treatment plants does not remove some persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
Failure to remove these pollutants from wastewater can have significant environmental and health impacts.

For example, pharmaceutical chemicals can cause antibiotic resistance, while endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause birth defects, cancer, and other health problems.

Therefore, there is a need to improve wastewater treatment technologies to remove persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
In conclusion, wastewater treatment technologies can break down some chemicals but not all. Chemicals that are not broken down are persistent organic pollutants and pose a significant risk to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop wastewater treatment technologies that can remove these pollutants from wastewater.

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The molecular weight of the gas at 37°C and 1.35 atm is approximately 61.0 g/mol. H2 gas has a rate of effusion about 3.74 times faster than N2 gas.

To find the molecular weight of the gas, we can use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure (1.35 atm)

V = volume (unknown)

N = number of moles (unknown)

R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))

T = temperature (37 °C = 310.15 K)

We can rearrange the equation to solve for the number of moles (n):

N = PV / RT

Using the given density of the gas (1.594 g/L), we can calculate the molar mass (M) of the gas:

M = (density × RT) / P

Substituting the given values:

M = (1.594 g/L × 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) × 310.15 K) / 1.35 atm

M ≈ 61.0 g/mol

Therefore, the molecular weight of the gas is approximately 61.0 g/mol.

To compare the rates of H2 (g) and N2 (g) under the same conditions, we can use Graham’s law of effusion, which states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Rate(H2) / Rate(N2) = √(M(N2) / M(H2))

Substituting the molar masses:

Rate(H2) / Rate(N2) = √(28 g/mol / 2 g/mol)

Rate(H2) / Rate(N2) = √14 ≈ 3.74

Therefore, the rate of effusion of H2 gas is approximately 3.74 times faster than that of N2 gas under the given conditions.

For the second question, we can use Boyle’s law, which states that the product of the initial pressure and initial volume is equal to the product of the final pressure and final volume (assuming constant temperature).

P1V1 = P2V2

Substituting the given values:

5.00 atm × 75.0 L = P2 × 30.0 L

P2 = (5.00 atm × 75.0 L) / 30.0 L

P2 ≈ 12.5 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is approximately 12.5 atm.

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BOD = (14.8 - DO2) x 0.125 = 211.3 mg/LDO2 = 12.175 mg/LHence, the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the sample is 13.825 mg/L.

The given terms in the question are,211.3 mg/ LQ.6: 100 ml waste water sample was diluted with 800 ml of water. Initial dissolved oxygen level (DO:) was found to be 14.8 mg/1. After 5 days of incubation, the final dissolved oxygen level (DO) was found.In order to calculate the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of a sample, the difference between the initial dissolved oxygen level (DO:) and the final dissolved oxygen level (DO) needs to be found.The formula for Biochemical Oxygen Demand is:Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) = (Initial Dissolved Oxygen level) - (Final Dissolved Oxygen Level)BOD = DO1 - DO2BOD = 14.8 - DO2BOD = 14.8 - DO2.

To determine the value of DO2, first the dilution factor needs to be found.Dilution Factor = Volume of initial sample / Total VolumeDilution Factor = 100 / 800Dilution Factor = 0.125Since the initial sample was diluted by a factor of 0.125, the BOD can be calculated as follows:BOD = (DO1 - DO2) x Dilution Factor211.3 mg/L is the value of LQ, which is the conversion factor to convert milligrams per liter of oxygen to BOD value.

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Answer:

they have different forces holding the atoms together

Explanation:

diamond has a strong convalent bond holding the particles together while chalk has weak van der waals forces holding the particles together hence the diffrence in hardness

Answer:

A. 7

(assuming the water is neutral)

The null hypothesis in the chi-square test for two-way tables states that the two categorical variables studied are not independent in the population.

The statement is incorrect. In the chi-square test for two-way tables, the null hypothesis states that the two categorical variables being studied are independent in the population. Independence means that there is no association or relationship between the variables. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that there is a relationship or association between the variables.

To conduct a chi-square test for independence, a contingency table is created to display the observed frequencies of the two variables. The test compares the observed frequencies to the frequencies that would be expected under the assumption of independence. If the calculated chi-square statistic is significant, it indicates evidence against the null hypothesis of independence, suggesting that there is a relationship between the variables.

Therefore, the null hypothesis in the chi-square test for two-way tables states that the two categorical variables studied are independent in the population, not that the population means are all equal or that the population variances are all different.

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The volume of the rectangular bar is  the product of its dimensions that is  110 cm³. Then density of the bar weighing 121 g is 1.1 g/ cm³.

Density of a substance is the measure of its mass per unit volume. It describes how closely its particles are packed within a given volume. It is the ratio of mass to the volume.

Volume of an object is the space occupied by the object. For a rectangle block, volume is the product of length, width and height.

Given, l = 8 cm

width = 5.5 cm

height h = 2.5 cm

volume =  l w h = 8 cm ×5.5 cm × 2.5 cm  = 110 cm³

Mass of the bar = 121 g

density = mass/ volume

d = 121 g/110 cm³

  = 1.1g/cm³

Therefore, the density of rectangular bar is 1.1 g/cm³.

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Answer: You can do this by using ph strips. It should determine which is a salt base and an acid!

Answer:

Elements

Explanation:

I just did this

The major industrial use of hydrochloric acid is in metal pickling, which involves the removal of metal oxide layers from metal surfaces to prepare them for coating.

The balanced equation between iron (III) oxide and hydrochloric acid to form iron (III) chloride and water is:Fe2O3 + 6HCl → 2FeCl3 + 3H2OIf 7.25 moles of hydrochloric acid reacted completely, we would expect to produce 10.875 moles of water. There are 21.75 atoms of hydrogen present in this amount of water.To determine the maximum amount of iron (III) chloride that can be produced, we need to find the limiting reactant. Using the given amounts, the number of moles of hydrochloric acid is calculated to be 6.819 moles, while the number of moles of iron (III) oxide is 2.11 moles. Therefore, iron (III) oxide is the limiting reactant. The maximum amount of iron (III) chloride that can be produced is 639.76 g.To calculate the amount of excess reactant left over, we need to find the amount of hydrochloric acid that was not used up in the reaction. Using the balanced equation, we can calculate that 1 mole of Fe2O3 reacts with 6 moles of HCl. Therefore, 2.11 moles of Fe2O3 would require 12.66 moles of HCl. However, we only had 6.819 moles of HCl, so there is 5.84 moles of HCl left over. Converting to grams using the molar mass of HCl, we get that 275.3 g of HCl - 149.53 g of HCl = 125.77 g of excess HCl.

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The reaction you provided, C2H6(g) → C2H2(g) + 2H2(g), involves the decomposition of ethane (C2H6) into acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen gas (H2).

To calculate ΔH for this reaction using Hess's Law, we need to consider a series of reactions for which the enthalpy changes (ΔH) are known.

First, we can consider the combustion of ethane, which is an exothermic reaction:

C2H6(g) + 7/2O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) ΔH1

Next, we can consider the combustion of acetylene, which is also exothermic:

C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + H2O(g) ΔH2

Lastly, we can consider the combustion of hydrogen gas, which is exothermic as well:

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) → H2O(g) ΔH3

To obtain the target reaction, we can subtract the known reactions in such a way that the reactants on one side cancel out with the products on the other side. In this case, we need to reverse the second reaction and multiply the third reaction by 2:

2CO2(g) + H2O(g) → C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) -ΔH2

2H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2ΔH3

By adding these reactions together, the intermediate products and reactants cancel out, leaving us with the desired reaction:

C2H6(g) → C2H2(g) + 2H2(g)

The enthalpy change for the desired reaction, ΔH, is the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual reactions. Therefore:

ΔH = ΔH1 + (-ΔH2) + 2ΔH3

By substituting the known values of ΔH1, ΔH2, and ΔH3, you can calculate the value of ΔH for the reaction using Hess's Law.

In summary, Hess's Law allows us to calculate the enthalpy change for a desired reaction by manipulating known reactions with known enthalpy changes.

By canceling out intermediate products and reactants, we can arrive at the desired reaction and determine its enthalpy change.

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Answer:When two lines are cut by a transversal, the pairs of angles on one side of the transversal and inside the two lines are called the consecutive interior angles . If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the pairs of consecutive interior angles formed are supplementary

Explanation:

The percentage by mass of Fe²⁺ in the tablet is 3.4%

The question is asking to calculate the percentage by mass of Fe²⁺ in the tablet. To solve this question, use the following formula:

mass of Fe²⁺ = (volume of titrant x molarity of titrant x valency of titrant) ÷ (volume of solution x 1000)

We are given the following information:

Using the formula above, we can calculate the mass of Fe²⁺ as follows:

mass of Fe²⁺ = (32.5 cm³ x 0.00160 moldm⁻³ x 6+) ÷ (250 cm³ x 1000)

mass of Fe²⁺ = 0.0320 g

To calculate the percentage by mass of Fe²⁺ in the tablet, divide the mass of Fe²⁺ (0.0320 g) by the tablet weight (0.940 g) and multiply by 100:

Percentage by mass of Fe²⁺ = (0.0320 g ÷ 0.940 g) x 100

Percentage by mass of Fe²⁺ = 3.4%

Therefore, the percentage by mass of Fe²⁺ in the tablet is 3.4%.

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