What would favor the formation of the kinetic enolate over the thermodynamic one?
Answers
The kinetic enolate is favored when the reaction is carried out at a low temperature and with a strong, bulky base.
The formation of enolates can occur through two different pathways: kinetic and thermodynamic. The kinetic enolate is formed faster and is less stable than the thermodynamic enolate.
The kinetic enolate is favored when the reaction conditions are such that the reaction rate is more important than the stability of the product, for example, when the reaction is carried out at a low temperature and with a strong, bulky base. In these conditions, the reaction is faster and the kinetic enolate is formed as the major product.
On the other hand, the thermodynamic enolate is favored when the reaction is carried out at a higher temperature and with a weaker base, allowing more time for the reaction to reach equilibrium and for the more stable thermodynamic enolate to be formed as the major product.
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Related Questions
Identify Acid-base and conjugate acid-base pair in the following: HCOOH + H20 --> HCOO + H3O+ *
Answers
Explanation:
HCOOH (aq) + H2O (l) ⇋ HCOO- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)
acid 1 base 2 base 1 acid 2
What Happens During Fermentation?
Answers
Answer:
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. For example, yeast performs fermentation to obtain energy by converting sugar into alcohol.
Sometimes bacteria perform fermentation, converting carbohydrates into lactic acid...
You can look up videos of yeast fermentation in apple juice.
three lab groups carried out an experiment to identify the concentration of sucrose in six solutions. each unknown solution (1-6) contained one of the following sucrose concentrations: 0.0 m, 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, and -1.0 m. cubes of sweet potato (1 cm3) were soaked for 24 hours in each solution and weighed to determine the change in mass. each data entry represents the average of three sample replicates expressed as percent change in mass following a 24-hour soak in the unknown solutions. from the data provided, which unknown solution has a molarity that most closely reflects the molarity of sweet potato cells?
Answers
The observed mass increase was probably caused by the osmosis of water molecules from an unidentified solution.
Which definition of osmosis is the most accurate?
Osmosis is the "Movement of Solute Molecules from Lower Concentration to a Higher Concentration of Solution Across a Semipermeable Membrane," according to the right definition.
Examples of osmosis in biologyOsmosis is responsible for the soil's ability to absorb water. The concentration is greater in the plant roots than in the soil. Water enters the roots as a result. Osmosis has an impact on the plant's guard cells as well.What are diffusion and osmosis?Osmosis is the process by which solvent particles flow from a dilute solution to one that is more concentrated. Diffusion, in contrast, is the transfer of particles from a location of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.learn more about osmosis here
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How is bakelite made and what is it used for?
Answers
Answer:
Bakelite is made from the reaction between formaldehyde and phenolic materials at high temperatures. Bakelite is used for wire insulation, break pads and other automotive parts, and other electronics components.
someone help with this pls
Answers
Answer:
12 B
13
0.00100176
Explanation:
Question 4 How many grams of LiOH are needed to make 100 ml of a 0.1 M solution?
Answers
Explanation:
0.24 grams of LiOH are needed to make 100 ml of a 0.1 M solution
The sun is located at 1 astronomical unit from Earth. How far is the next closest star to Earth?
A. It is about twice as far from earth as the sun.
B. It is about 100 times as far from earth as the sun.
C. It is about the same distance from Earth as the
sun.
D. It is many thousands of times as far from the Earth as the sun.
Answers
answer:
d
Explanation:
sun 109 million miles
2 star trillion of miles
gentian violet is a dye using in dna gel electrophoresis it is yellow in strongly acidic solutions and purple in solutions ______
Answers
Gentian violet, a dye used in DNA gel electrophoresis, exhibits a yellow color in strongly acidic solutions and turns purple in solutions with higher pH levels, such as neutral or basic solutions. This color change aids in the visualization of DNA fragments during the gel electrophoresis process.
Gentian violet is a common dye used in DNA gel electrophoresis to stain DNA bands. It is a cationic dye that binds to DNA molecules, making them visible under UV light. Gentian violet appears yellow in strongly acidic solutions and purple in solutions with a higher pH. During electrophoresis, the DNA is separated by size and charge, resulting in distinct bands on the gel. Gentian violet stains these bands, allowing scientists to visualize the DNA fragments. However, excessive use of gentian violet can damage DNA, so it is important to use it in moderation. In summary, gentian violet is a vital tool for DNA analysis, but its use must be carefully controlled to prevent any negative effects on the DNA samples.
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100 POINTS WILL MARK BRAINLIEST HELP
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
10ml
PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST
Which of the following does NOT
have large coal deposits?
Answers
Answer:
Mexico
Explanation:
The top five countries with the largest proven coal reserves
United States – 249 billion tonnesRussia – 162 billion tonnesAustralia – 149 billion tonnesChina – 142 billion tonnesIndia – 106 billion tonnes.Mexico isn't on this list
hope this helps, pls mark brainliest :D
What makes field forces unique?
Answers
In physics, field forces occur when two objects interact without touching each other. Two examples of field forces would be the force of gravity and magnetism. So I would say what makes a field force unique is that two object interact without touching.
Jane and Jack have a bicycling competition Jane rides a constant speed of 12 miles per hour while Jack rides at a constant speed of 330 feet per minute. How fast are Jane and Jack going in meters per second? Who finishes first? Show your factor-label method work. There are 5280 feet in one mile. There are 3.281 feet in one meter
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
I don't know how you want the conversion done. I use dimensional analysis.
Jane
12 miles / hour [1.6 km/1 mile][1000 m/1 km][1 hour / 3600 sec]
12 * [1.6 * 3600 / 1000 m/s] = 69.12 m/s
5.33 m/s This answer is a bit shorter than using 5280 feet.
Using 5280 feet
12 miles / hour [5280 ft/1 mile] [1 m/3.281 feet] * [1 hr/3600 sec]
12 * 5280 / (3.281 * 3600)
12 *. 4470
5.36
Jack
330 feet / minute [ 1 meter / 3.281 feet] [1 minute / 60 seconds]
330 * 1/(3.281 * 60)
330 * 1/(196.86)
1.676 m/s
She's going faster than he is, no matter which method is used to do the calculation
Question 7 What is the molarity for the following solution: 5. 50 L of 13. 3-MH₂CO (the formaldehyde used to "fix" tissue samples)? (A) 0. 022 mol/L (B) 13. 3 mol/L 2. 2 mol/L D) 0. 0133 mol/L 3 Points
Answers
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in litres.
Therefore, the molarity of the H₂CO solution is 13.30 mol/L.
In this case, we have 5.50 L of a 13.3 M H₂CO solution. To find the molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of H₂CO and divide it by the volume of the solution.
The formula weight of H₂CO is 30.03 g/mol. To convert from molarity to moles, we multiply the molarity by the volume in liters:
13.3 mol/L × 5.50 L = 73.15 mol
So we have 73.15 moles of H₂CO in 5.50 L of solution.
Finally, to find the molarity, we divide the number of moles by the volume of the solution:
73.15 mol ÷ 5.50 L = 13.30 mol/L
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select the ester that is formed when propanoic acid reacts with isopropyl alcohol in the presence of heat and an acid catalyst.
Answers
When propanoic acid reacts with isopropyl alcohol in the presence of heat and an acid catalyst, the ester formed is isopropyl propanoate.
This reaction is a condensation reaction, which involves the loss of a water molecule. Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst.
The reaction is called an esterification reaction, and it produces an ester and water. In this reaction, propanoic acid reacts with isopropyl alcohol to produce isopropyl propanoate.
The chemical reaction can be represented as follows:
CH3CH2COOH + (CH3)2CHOH → CH3CH2COO(CH3)2 + H2O
The acid catalyst used in the reaction is usually concentrated sulfuric acid, which speeds up the reaction by removing water as it is formed.
The ester is characterized by a fruity odour, which is why esters are often used in perfumes and flavorings.
The reaction is reversible, and it reaches an equilibrium point where the forward and backward reaction rates are equal. To drive the reaction forward, excess alcohol is often used.
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Please help me answer this it’s due today. I will give brainliest
Answers
Answer: X should represent H, hydrogen.
Explanation:
The H is the only one that hasnt been stated in the left side of the formula. H has three atoms as well.
Compared with halogens, the alkali metals in the same period has
electronegativity
the same
O larger
O smaller
Answers
Resistance of 50W bulb is greater than that of 100 W.
Reason
Resistance of bulb is inversely proportional to rated power.
Resistance of 50W bulb is greater than that of 100 W.
A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
C
Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
D
Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
Hard
Answers
The correct answer is C) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
The statement in the Assertion is correct: The resistance of a bulb is inversely proportional to its rated power. In general, a higher wattage bulb will have a lower resistance compared to a lower wattage bulb.
However, the Reason provided is incorrect. It states that the resistance of a 50W bulb is greater than that of a 100W bulb, which is not true based on the relationship between resistance and rated power.
According to the relationship mentioned, the resistance of a 100W bulb would be lower compared to a 50W bulb.
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 if your commute is 20 miles and you drive an average speed of 60 km/h how many minutes will it take you to get to work
Answers
Answer:
33 minutes
Explanation:
60 km/h = 37.28 mi/h
20/37.28 = 0.5364 h
0.5364 * 60 min = 32.2 minutes
Allison adds ice cubes to water which is at room temperature. Over time, the ice melts.
Read the statement above. How does adding ice to the room temperature liquid change the average kinetic energy of the particles of the
liquid?
Answers
Adding ice to the liquid decreases the average kinetic energy of the particles of the liquid.
The temperature of a substance is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance. The average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance.
This implies that if I increase the temperature of a substance, the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance increases and vice versa.
Ice is at a lower temperature than water at room temperature. Thus, adding ice to water at room temperature decreases the temperature of the water and consequently decreases the average kinetic energy of its particles.
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6. Which specific processes in the rock cycle occur beneath the Earth's surface?
Support your answer.
Answers
Answer:
Under the earth's surface, rocks melt, metamorphize, and crystalize.
Explanation:
Metamorphic and Igneous rocks are basically dependant on the heat/pressure of the environment under the surface :) Melting, metamorphosing and crystallization all occur under earth's surface.
The specific processes in the rock cycle that occur beneath the Earth surface are :
Melting crystallizationmetamorphizationUnder the Earth surface the specific rock cycle processes that leads to the formation of the different types of rocks includes; Melting, metamorphization and rock crystallization.
Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks ( sedimentary and igneous rocks) due to the change in temperature and this process is metamorphization. while igneous rocks are formed from molten rocks caused by the melting process. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of sediments from weathering of existing rocks this is the crystallization process.
Hence the specific process in the rock cycle that occur beneath the Earth's surface are : Melting, metamorphosing and crystallization.
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5. How many hydrogen atoms are in 1 gallon of octane?
Density of octane= 0.7028 g/mL, 3780 mL = 1 gal
Answers
The chemical formula for octane, C8H18, is an alkane and a hydrocarbon. Its condensed structural formula is CH3(CH2)6CH3. The amount and location of branching in the carbon chain determine the various structural isomers of octane.
Carbon is represented by the letter C, octane by the formula C8H18. As a result, there will be 8 moles of carbon for every mole of C8H18.
Utilizing the molar mass of octane, convert 20 kg of octane to moles of octane.
Octane's molar mass is calculated as (8*12.011)+(18*1.008)=114.23 g/mole, where 8 and 18 are the molecule's atoms and 12.011 and 1.008 are the carbon and hydrogen atoms' individual molar masses.
20kg C8H18*1000g/kg*mole
C8H18/114.23g C8H18 = 175.1 moles of octane.
Put that quantity of moles into moles of carbon now:
1400.8 mole C is equal to 175.1 mole C8H18 * (8 mole C/mole C8H18).
Now keep in mind that a mole of a specific element equals 6.022*1023 atoms.
As a result, your final answer of 8.4*1026 atoms, or 1400.8 mole C, is identical to 1400.8*(6.022*1023) atoms C.
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Find the mass of a 50 mL volume of water if the density of water is 1 g/mL.
Answers
The mass of a 50 mL volume of water if the density of water is 1 g/mL will be 50g.
Density, is the mass of a unit volume of a material substance.
We know that,
Density = Mass / Volume
here,
Density (d) = 1g/mL
Volume (v) = 50mL
Hence,
d = m /v
1 = m / 50
m = 50g.
Hence, mass of water with volume 50mL and density 1g/mL IS 50g.
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find the area given rectangle.
The length and and breadth of a rectangle are 3abc³ and 4abc units. The area of rectangle is __ sq.unit .
Answers
Answer:
The perimeter of a Rectangle P= 2(l + b)
Area of a Rectangle A = l × b
Mass number (atomic mass) = the numbers of __________________ plus __________________ particles in the nucleus of an atom.
Answers
Answer:
protons and neutrons
Explanation:
A solution contains 150 g of water and 55 g of sodium chloride is at 80℃. Will all of the salt be dissolved into the water? Mathematically explain your answer.
Answers
The salt will be dissolved into the water at 80℃. At 80℃, the solubility of sodium chloride in water is approximately 39.2 g/100 mL. This means that in order for all of the salt to be dissolved into the water.
The solution would need to contain at least 140.1 g of water 55 g / 0.392 g/100 mL. However, in this case, the solution only contains 150 g of water. This means that there is not enough water present to dissolve all of the sodium chloride, and some of the salt will remain undissolved in the solution.
To determine if all of the salt will dissolve, we need to find the solubility of sodium chloride in water at 80℃. The solubility of sodium chloride at 80℃ is approximately 39 g of salt per 100 g of water. Calculate the solubility of sodium chloride in 150 g of water. 39 g of salt per 100 g of water * 150 g of water / 100 g of water = 58.5 g of salt.
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Yes, all of the salt will be dissolved into the water at 80℃, based on the solubility of sodium chloride in water at that temperature and the amount of sodium chloride in the given solution.
According to the solubility curve for sodium chloride in water, the solubility of sodium chloride at 80℃ is approximately 127 g/100 mL. This means that at 80℃, 100 mL of water can dissolve up to 127 g of sodium chloride.
In the given solution, we have 150 g of water and 55 g of sodium chloride. To determine whether all of the salt will dissolve, we need to compare the amount of sodium chloride in the solution to the maximum amount that can dissolve in the given amount of water.
Since we have 150 g of water, we can calculate the maximum amount of sodium chloride that can dissolve at 80℃ as follows:
127 g sodium chloride/100 mL water x 150 mL water = 190.5 g sodium chloride
This means that at 80℃, 150 g of water can dissolve up to 190.5 g of sodium chloride. Since we only have 55 g of sodium chloride in the solution, we can conclude that all of the salt will dissolve into the water, since the solubility of sodium chloride at 80℃ is higher than the amount of sodium chloride in the solution.
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Which of the following is closest to the ΔG° for a nickel-cadmium voltaic cell?
−14 kJ
125 kJ
−29 kJ
−125 kJ
29 kJ
Answers
To determine the closest value for the ΔG° of a nickel-cadmium voltaic cell, we need to understand the relationship between ΔG° and the cell potential (E°). The formula to calculate ΔG° is:
ΔG° = -nFE°
where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred, F is the Faraday constant (approximately 96,485 C/mol), and E° is the cell potential.
For a nickel-cadmium voltaic cell, the cell potential E° is approximately 1.50 V. The number of moles of electrons transferred (n) is 2. Plugging these values into the formula:
ΔG° = -(2)(96485 C/mol)(1.50 V)
ΔG° ≈ -289,455 J
Since 1 kJ = 1000 J, we can convert the result to kJ:
ΔG° ≈ -289.5 kJ
Among the given options, the closest value to the ΔG° for a nickel-cadmium voltaic cell is -125 kJ.
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Which process, in order, would be necessary for this sequence of the rock cycle:
rock → metamorphic rock → igneous rock
Heat and pressure → melting → cooling
Weathering and erosion → compaction → weathering and erosion
Melting → cooling → melting → erosion
Cooling → melting → cooling → weathering and erosion
Answers
Answer:
may be the answer is Heat and pressure - melting - cooling
Ude was asked by his teacher to draw an angle that measures 130 degrees. He isn't even sure where to start. Explain to Jude how you would use a protractor to draw this angle.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
To construct an angle of 130 degrees;
The first thing to do is to bisect a given line segment.
Let's say we measure an even straight line A to B. Line A to B is assumed to be 10 cm. Then, we will choose any convenient radius and draw an arc at A and B.
Then, we proceed by draw arcs to cut each other at P and Q. Join |PQ| to cut |AB| at R. R is the midpoint of |AB|.
After, we bisect a given line segment where point R which is half of line AB.
Using the R to B side;
Then, we place our protractor at R; Starting from zero degrees with the horizontal line (parallel to side B) . we mark out angle 130° after we have counted all the way from 0° to 130°. At 130°, we mark out the point (X) on the paper and draw the extended line till it joins at R.
The angle from B to X is angle 130°
Gallium has two natural occuring isotopes: Ga-69 with 68.9256 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11%, and Ga-71 with mass 70.9247 amu and a natural abundance of 39.8%. Calculate the atomic mass of gallium.
Answers
Ar (Ga) = (68.9256x60.11) + (70.9247x39.8)
/100
= 4,143.12 + 2,822.80 /100
= 69.66
what is the stereochemical relationship between the salts formed by tartaric acid with racemic 1 phenylethanamne
Answers
The stereochemical relationship within the salts formed by (+)-tartaric acid with racemic 1-phenylethylamine is diastereomers.
Diastereomers are defined as compounds which have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded elements but which are nonsuperimposable, non-mirror images. Enantiomers are a pair of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of one another but cannot be superimposed one upon the other. Diastereomers are defined as compounds with the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded elements but are non-superimposable non-mirror images.
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