what would be the effect on production of atp from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on enzyme/protein stability, if the ph of the chloroplast stroma were lowered?why?
Answers
The stroma has an optimal pH range, which allows enzymes involved in the Calvin cycle to function effectively. When the pH deviates from this optimal range, the efficiency of these enzymes decreases, leading to reduced ATP production.
Lowering the pH of the chloroplast stroma would negatively affect the production of ATP during photosynthesis.
The Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma, is responsible for the conversion of CO2 into glucose, using ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This process is essential for producing the energy necessary for plant growth and maintenance. When the stroma pH is lowered, the activity of crucial enzymes, such as Rubisco, gets compromised.
Rubisco, a critical enzyme in the Calvin cycle, catalyzes the first step of carbon fixation by binding CO2 to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. If the pH is too low, the enzyme's affinity for CO2 decreases, leading to less efficient carbon fixation and subsequent ATP production. Similarly, other enzymes in the Calvin cycle can also be affected, leading to an overall decline in ATP production.
In summary, lowering the pH of the chloroplast stroma can have a negative impact on the production of ATP from photosynthesis. This is primarily due to the reduced efficiency of enzymes involved in the Calvin cycle, which compromises the ability to produce ATP needed for plant growth and maintenance.
For more such questions on ATP production.
https://brainly.com/question/15695707#
#SPJ11
Related Questions
List and briefly describe earths compositional layers
Answers
Answer:
Compositional Layers
Layer Depth
Crust 0-100km silicates
Mantle 100-2900km iron and magnesium silicates
Core 2900-6370km metals
Hope this helps!!!
Hello there, can you please answer this question, ty
Explain how asthma affects the respiratory tract.
Answers
Answer:
It can cause the respiratory tract to close during an attack, limiting oxygen which can be fatal. It also summons the presence of unhealthy lungs tat may need treatment, which is not good.
I hope this answers your question, please click the thanks button.
I hope this helps you:)
What conditions might cause the most water and sediment to be collected at the bottom of the stream table?
Answers
Answer:
Silent stream having uniform velocity cause the most water and sediment to be collected at the bottom of the stream table
Explanation:
A silent stream having uniform velocity allows the sand, soil, mud and dust in it to settle down and continuously flowing through various terrains (as governed by the law of precipitation).
If the stream water is moving at high speed and there is lot turbulence then the suspended particles in it will never settle.
what name is given to the process in which pre-mrna is edited into mrna?
Answers
RNA processing is the term collectively used to describe the sequence of events through which the primary transcript from a gene acquires its mature form.The 3′ end of the messenger RNA (mRNA) is modified by the addition of a long string of adenosines in a process tightly linked to transcription termination.
[1] (3 points) Imagine that you are in the foothills just above Salt Lake. Here the two dominant shrubs are Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii) and bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum). Using a thermocouple to measure leaf temperatures and a porometer to measure leaf conductances to water vapor, you discover that sun leaves of the two plants have different leaf temperatures. The microclimatic conditions are 28
∘
C air temperature, 15% relative humidity, 0.8 m s
−1
wind speed, and 1,800 mol m
−2
s
−1
PFD. Given these parameters, which leaf will have the higher leaf temperature? Insert answer here And by how much do the two leaf temperatures differ from each other? Insert answer here
Answers
Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum) will have a higher leaf temperature due to environmental conditions.
Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum) is likely to have a higher leaf temperature compared to Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii) due to its higher leaf conductance to water vapor. With a higher leaf conductance, bigtooth maple can achieve higher rates of transpiration, leading to more effective cooling of the leaf surface. In contrast, Gambel's oak may have lower leaf conductance, resulting in lower transpiration rates and a relatively higher leaf temperature.
However, without specific data on the leaf conductance of each species, it is difficult to quantify the exact temperature difference between the two. The given microclimatic conditions further suggest that bigtooth maple may be better adapted to regulate its leaf temperature in such environmental conditions.
To learn more about maple follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/32491865
#SPJ4
1) The living organisms that live near the ocean bed are adapted to live in darkness,
------------------------------- and -----------------------------.
Answers
Answer:
Coldness and deepness
Please help!!! Will mark brainliest! I’m being timed so anything helps
Answers
Answer:
technology has helped make the daily lives of people easer. it has also caused lost of problems such as using up all of the fossil fuels. it has also let to pollution and global warming.
Explanation:
Answer:As with technology's influences on culture and society, the effects of a technology on the environment can be either positive or negative. Since the Industrial Revolution and the rapid growth of human populations, the potential for technology to have a major impact on the environment has grown. Consequently, an essential aspect of technology and engineering literacy is an understanding of certain key principles about the effects of technology on the natural environment and of the many important efforts that people have made to preserve natural habitats, reduce air and water pollution, and maintain a healthful environment.
Individuals who are literate in technology and engineering should be aware of methods that have been developed to reduce the environmental impacts of technology. For example, an important step in designing a new product is to take the product's life cycle into account. Such an analysis may start with the raw materials that need to be mined or grown, the industrial processes and energy needed to manufacture the product, the transportation technologies required to get it to market, and its eventual disposal when the product is no longer needed.
Explanation:
Which of the following are ways in which white matter in the spinal cord conveys sensory and/or motor information between the body and the brain? Check all that apply.
-Ascending tracts conduct sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the brain.
-Each funiculus region contains either sensory or motor tracts, but not both.
Answers
White matter in the spinal cord conveys sensory and/or motor information between the body and the brain by ascending tracts that conduct sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the brain.
The dorsal column of the white matter sends sensory information to the brain, whereas the anterior column mostly sends motor instructions to the ventral horn motor neurons.
Corticospinal pathways are descending or motor tracts that are responsible for carrying nerve impulses from your brain to different skeletal muscles. Your body moves carefully and subtly as a result of these urges. Spinothalamic tracts are sensory or ascending tracts. They communicate information about pain and body temperature to our brains.
The posterior tract is the spinal cord's back has a number of sizable ascending or sensory tracts. These channels transmit pressure and touch signals from our skin to the brain. Additionally, they communicate vibrational information.
To learn more about Tract visit: https://brainly.com/question/13024069
#SPJ4
Adversarially trained neural representations are already as robust as biological neural representations
Answers
Adversarially trained neural representations are a type of artificial neural network that has been trained using adversarial methods. These methods involve training the network to generate outputs that are resistant to perturbations or adversarial attacks.
On the other hand, biological neural representations refer to how information is encoded and processed in the brain.
It is not accurate to say that adversarially trained neural representations are already as robust as biological neural representations.
While adversarial training can improve the robustness of artificial neural networks, they are still not on par with the robustness of biological neural representations. Biological neural representations have evolved over millions of years and exhibit a level of robustness and flexibility that is currently unmatched by artificial neural networks.
TO know more about that Adversarially visit:
https://brainly.com/question/5639794
#SPJ11
Pigouvian taxes (or corrective taxation) internalizes the externality by increasing the ______
and thus removing the inefficiency of the negative production externality.
Answers
Pigouvian taxes (or corrective taxation) internalizes the externality by increasing the cost of production, thus removing the inefficiency of the negative production externality.
A Pigouvian tax is a type of tax that is intended to reduce the negative externalities generated by a market by raising the cost of the goods or services that generate the externalities. When negative externalities arise, this sort of tax is frequently utilized by governments to make it more expensive to undertake harmful activities.
Some of the benefits of Pigouvian tax are: It promotes a cleaner environment by internalizing the cost of pollution. It can help to regulate the overall demand for a specific good or service. It can be a source of revenue for the government. A Pigouvian tax can incentivize producers to reduce pollution and take care of the environment. It creates an economic incentive for individuals to become more aware of the negative impacts their actions have on the environment.
Know more about Pigouvian tax:
https://brainly.com/question/31236675
#SPJ11
Balance the chemical reaction of water
H2+02 — H20
Added photo plz if you can help
Answers
H2+1/2O2-->H2O
since there are two atoms of hydrogen present in the reactants and in the product you don't need to add any number before H2
we add 1/2 before O2 because only 1 atom is needed for the water molecule
Plants can meet the challenge of maintaining structure by secreting a waxy substance to seal a cut or wound. Question 5 options: True False.
Answers
Answer: true
Explanation: i read a book about it
help pleasee dont under this
Answers
Answer: C 6.3
Explanation: Count the lines :)
Answer:
6.3 cm
Explanation:
AP PSYCHOLOGY
Sex hormones, secreted in greater amounts in females than males, and
contributes to female sex characteristics *
Answers
Answer:
Your answers are probably estrogen and oxytocin.
The sex hormone that is secreted in greater amounts in female and contribute to female sex characteristics is estrogen.
Sex hormones are those hormones that are secreted by both male and female which are used for sexual development and reproduction.
Example of sex hormones include estrogen
This sex hormone is secreted both in female and in male but in greater amounts for females.
This is because males secrete more of the sex hormone, testosterone
The estrogen contributes to female sex characteristics through the following ways:
it contributes to the development of the reproductive system,Development of breast and public hairs. Estrogen contributes to cognitive health , bone health, the function of the cardiovascular system , and other essential bodily processes.
Therefore The sex hormone that is secreted in greater amounts in female and contribute to female sex characteristics is estrogen.
Learn more here:
https://brainly.com/question/18319243
The __________ contains the DNA and acts like a control center of the cell.
Answers
The nucleus contains the DNA and acts like a control center of the cell.
The city of Green Valley, Arizona, is trying to determine where to locate a new fire station. The fire station is expected to serve four neighborhoods.
Neighborhood X coordinate Y coordinate Number of homes
Birchwood 0.5 3.5 172
Cactus Circle 2 0.5 42
De La Urraca 3 1.5 223
Kingston 3 1 44
a The X* coordinate of the weighted center of gravity for the new fire station is _____. Enter your response to 2 decimal places.
b. The Y* coordinate of the weighted center of gravity for the new fire station is _____. Enter your response to 2 decimal places.
c. What other factors might come into play when making the final decision?
a. Zoning Considerations
b. Distance from other fire stations
c. Available space
d. All of the above.
Answers
(a) The X* coordinate of weighted center of gravity for new fire station is 1.82. (b) The Y* coordinate of weighted center of gravity for new fire station is 2.06. (c) The factors might come into play when making the final decision is Zoning Considerations, Distance from other fire stations, Available space. Option D is correct.
To determine the location for the new fire station in Green Valley, we need to calculate the weighted center of gravity based on the coordinates and the number of homes in each neighborhood.
The X* coordinate of the weighted center of gravity can be calculated using the formula;
X* = (X₁ × N₁ + X₂ × N₂ + X₃ × N₃ + X₄ × N₄) / (N₁ + N₂ + N + N₄)
where X₁, X₂, X₃, X₄ are the X coordinates of the neighborhoods, and N₁, N₂, N₃, N₄ are the number of homes in each neighborhood.
Using the given data:
X* = (0.5 × 172 + 2 × 42 + 3 × 223 + 3 × 44) / (172 + 42 + 223 + 44)
X* ≈ 1.82
Therefore, the X* coordinate of the weighted center of gravity for the new fire station is approximately 1.82.
The Y* coordinate of the weighted center of gravity can be calculated using the same formula, replacing the X coordinates with Y coordinates:
Y* = (Y₁ × N₁ + Y₂ × N₂ + Y₃ × N₃ + Y₄ × N₄) / (N₁ + N₂ + N₃ + N₄)
Using the given data:
Y* = (3.5 × 172 + 0.5 × 42 + 1.5 × 223 + 1 × 44) / (172 + 42 + 223 + 44)
Y* ≈ 2.06
Therefore, the Y* coordinate of the weighted center of gravity for the new fire station is approximately 2.06.
When making the final decision on the location of the fire station, several other factors might come into play;
Zoning Considerations: The city needs to consider any zoning regulations or restrictions that might limit the potential locations for the fire station.
Distance from other fire stations: The proximity to existing fire stations is an important factor to ensure efficient coverage and response times across the area.
Available space: The availability of suitable land or buildings that meet the requirements for a fire station, such as accessibility, size, and infrastructure, should be considered.
Ultimately, the decision should take into account a combination of factors, including zoning considerations, distance from other fire stations, and available space. This comprehensive approach ensures that the fire station is strategically located to serve the four neighborhoods effectively and efficiently.
Hence, D. is the correct option.
To know more about Available space here
https://brainly.com/question/20740359
#SPJ4
what is the probability of albinism in the offspring of a cross between two mice with aabb alleles?
Answers
The probability of albinism in the offspring of a cross between two mice with aabb alleles is 0%. Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. It is caused by mutations in genes that produce the pigment melanin.
In the cross between two mice with aabb alleles, all of the offspring will be heterozygous (Aa) for the trait that determines the production of melanin. Heterozygotes (Aa) produce some melanin and are not albino. Therefore, none of the offspring of this cross will be albino. In summary, the probability of albinism in the offspring of a cross between two mice with aabb alleles is 0%.
To know more about alleles
https://brainly.com/question/25970081
#SPJ4
CER elephants and lions need energy to survive macromolecule
Answers
Elephants use carbohydrates and protein for energy. Lions use protein and fat for energy.
What are macromolecule and energy?Carbohydrates are the macromolecule that serves as an organism's main source of energy.For instance, macromolecules offer structural support, a way to store energy, the capacity to store and access genetic data, and the capacity to quicken metabolic processes. Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are the four main categories of macromolecules that perform these crucial roles in a cell's life.Elephants use carbohydrates and protein for energy. Elephants eat 3 different types of hay. Each type of hay has mainly carbohydrates plus smaller amounts of protein. Hay has no lipids. Lions use protein and fat for energy. Lions eat 3 different types of animal (meat). Each type of animal has mainly protein plus a smaller amount of protein.During chemical reactions such as digestion, the bonds in large molecules are broken and energy is released. Since elephants eat hay, they are getting carbohydrates and proteins to use for energy when the hay is digested. The energy released when the food molecule bonds are broken can be used for survival.During chemical reactions such as digestion, the bonds in large molecules are broken and energy is released. Since lions eat beef, deer, and pig meat, they are getting proteins and lipids to use for energy after digestion.To know more about macromolecule, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15237842
#SPJ9
You are recruiting 10 space-travelers to populate a new planet many light-years away. The travelers will need to be cryogenically frozen and to fit in the cryogenic pods they will need to be between 170cm and 190cm tall. Amongst the species to which you belong height can be approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of 178cm and a standard deviation of 5cm. What is the probability that a randomly selected potential traveler will fall within the permitted height range? What is the probability that a randomly selected group of 10 travelers will all be within the permitted height range? The maximum total weight of the 10 travelers must not exceed 500kg meaning that their average weight should not be above 50kg. If individuals' weight is described by a normal distribution with a mean of 48kg and a standard deviation of 3kg what is the distribution of the mean weight of a sample of 10? What is the probability that a randomly chosen group of 10 travelers is underneath the weight limit? A colleague of yours suggests that to get the overall probability of a group of 10 travelers meeting both the height and weight constraints you should multiply the probability in (b) with the probability in (d). Do you agree? Why or why not?
Answers
(a) The probability that a randomly selected potential traveler will fall within the permitted height range is approximately 68.27%.
(b) The probability that a randomly selected group of 10 travelers will all be within the permitted height range is approximately 23.76%.
(c) The distribution of the mean weight of a sample of 10 travelers follows a normal distribution with a mean of 48kg and a standard deviation of 0.95kg.
(a) To calculate the probability that a randomly selected potential traveler will fall within the permitted height range, we need to find the area under the normal distribution curve between the heights of 170cm and 190cm. Using the properties of the normal distribution, we can calculate that approximately 68.27% of the population falls within one standard deviation of the mean. Therefore, the probability that a randomly selected potential traveler will fall within the permitted height range is approximately 68.27%.
(b) To calculate the probability that a randomly selected group of 10 travelers will all be within the permitted height range, we need to calculate the probability of each traveler falling within the range and then multiply those probabilities together. Since each traveler's height is independent of the others, the probability that a single traveler falls within the range is approximately 68.27%. Therefore, the probability that all 10 travelers fall within the range is approximately (0.6827)^10, which equals approximately 23.76%.
(c) The distribution of the mean weight of a sample of 10 travelers follows a normal distribution with the same mean as the individual weights (48kg) but a standard deviation that is the original standard deviation (3kg) divided by the square root of the sample size (10). Therefore, the standard deviation of the mean weight of the sample is 3kg/sqrt(10) ≈ 0.95kg.
Learn more about probability
brainly.com/question/31828911
#SPJ11
links will be reported brainliest!!
Answers
Answer:
In areas of Africa where malaria is prevalent the number of sickle cell cases remains consistent generation after generation. ---- support the hypothesis.
In Canada the incident of sickle cell anemia has been increasing in the population. ----- contradicts the hypothesis.
Explanation:
In areas of Africa where malaria is widespread the number of sickle cell cases remains consistent generation after generation while on the other hand, In Canada the incident of sickle cell anemia are lower in the population because of environmental condition is not good for increase in malarial disease. In Africa, the environment is suitable for the mosquitoes that causes malaria so there is high increase of sickle cell anemia in the population.
The electrical charge of an electron is —Immersive Reader
neutral.
negative and neutral.
positive.
negative.
Answers
name a difference between a plant cell and an animal cell.
Answers
Answer:
the cell wall, chloroplasts
Explanation:
plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not
plant cells also have chloroplast, but animal cells don't
can someone help me with this? I've been on online instruction for a really long time
Answers
Yes, I can help you with this a food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.
Every food chain begins with a producer. The food chain shown below uses arrows to show the transfer of energy and nutrients, which is always from the consumed to the eater.
An ecosystem's only conduit for the flow of matter and energy is represented by a food chain. An essential conceptual tool for depicting the feeding connections among species within a group is the food web.
All the interconnected and overlapping food systems in an ecosystem are combined to form a food web. The linkages or interconnections between objects are described by food webs. Energy is transferred between the species in food webs from producers to consumers. Energy is used by organisms to carry out demanding tasks.
To learn more about Food chain visit: https://brainly.com/question/6947412
#SPJ9
SITUATION: Teddy wants to prove if gravity really acts on each object. He used a paper and crumpled paper. He threw it at same time in same height.
–Answer 1-5 each question.
–Plsss can someone answer my question? :<
1. Do you think the 2 objects will hit the floor first?
2. What makes one objects hits the floor first?
3. What factor affects the movement of 2 objects in going down?
4. Did he prove that gravity acted upon the two objects? How?
Answers
2. The amount of mass
3. Gravity
4. Yes because the paper most likely flew away and the crumble paper most likely hit the floor
The organism that does not have a nucleus is called a(n) is aASK FOR HELP
Answers
The organism that does not have a nucleus is Prokaryotes.
Which of the following is NOT true of viruses?
A. Some viruses have a membrane envelope.
B. Viruses need a living cell to reproduce.
C. Some viruses live through the lytic cycle.
D. Some viruses contain both DNA and RNA.
Answers
Some viruses contain both DNA and RNA as their genetic material is NOT true of viruses (option D).
What is a virus?A virus is a non-living entity that needs a suitable host to reproduce its genetic material (DNA or RNA).
Viruses may contain a genetic material composed of other DNA or RNA but not both.
In conclusion, some viruses contain both DNA and RNA as their genetic material is NOT true of viruses (option D).
Learn more about viruses here:
https://brainly.com/question/25236237
#SPJ1
eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens during a contraction against resistance, while concentric contraction occurs when the muscle
Answers
Concentric contraction ,occurs the muscle tension rises to meet the resistance then remains stable as the muscle shortens.
Concentric muscle contractions are used to generate motion, eccentric muscle contractions are used for resisting or slowing motion. Concentric contraction occurs when the total length of the muscle shortens as tension is produced example include upward phase of a biceps curl is a concentric contraction.
Eccentric contraction happens when the total length of the muscle increases when the tension occurred .example include lowering phase of a biceps curl.
To learn more about Concentric contraction , here
brainly.com/question/1526538
#SPJ4
What does the liver and chylomicrons contain different ApoB if come from same gene?
Answers
The liver and chylomicrons contain different ApoB, they both come from the same gene.
The ApoB gene undergoes a process called mRNA editing, which results in two different forms of ApoB: ApoB-100 and ApoB-48. ApoB-100 is synthesized in the liver and is a component of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), while ApoB-48 is synthesized in the small intestine and is a component of chylomicrons.
The mRNA editing process involves a site-specific deamination of a cytidine residue in the mRNA, which leads to the creation of a stop codon in the ApoB-48 mRNA, resulting in a shorter protein.
Hence, even though liver and chylomicrons contain different forms of ApoB, they both originate from the same gene due to mRNA editing.
learn more about mRNA click here:
https://brainly.com/question/12388408
#SPJ11
1. Name the phase change that occurs when a solid changes into a gas, without becoming a liquid. ______________________
2. True or False – A liquid has definite shape and definite volume.
3. True or False – A gas has definite shape, but no definite volume.
4. A ________________________________ is similar to a gas, but conducts electricity. 5. Boyle’s Law shows a relationship between the _________________________ and volume of a gas.
6. Charles’ Law shows a relationship between the __________________________ and volume of a gas.
7. When putting a balloon in a warm oven, the temperature goes from 70oto 140o. Will the 200 ml balloon shrink or expand?
Answers
Answer:
1. sublimation
2. false
3. false
4.
5. pressure
6.
7.
Explanation:
1.in physics, conversion of a substance from the solid to the gaseous state without its becoming liquid. An example is the vaporization of frozen carbon d iixide (dry ice) at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature.
2. A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape. The change from solid to liquid usually does not significantly change the volume of a substance.
3. Like liquids, gases have no definite shape, but unlike solids and liquids, gases have no definite volume either. The change from solid to liquid usually does not significantly change the volume of a substance.
4.
5. Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature.
6.
7.
How does water's polarity help it to dissolve so many substances?
Answers
Answer:
When a polar substance is put in water, the positive ends of its molecules are attracted to the negative ends of the water molecules, and vice versa
Explanation:
id if this helped but