What pieces of evidence support the hypothesis that tetrapods evolved from lobe-fin fish?
a. Lungs first appear in fossils of lungfish and remain unchanged through the lineage leading to tetrapods.
b. Fossils of lobe-fins show the development of the tetrapod shoulder girdle, arm bones, wrist bones, and digits over time.
c. The first lobe-fins had muscles attached to their pelvic girdles that allowed them to walk on land as many tetrapods do.
d. The long bones in tetrapod arms and legs are homologous with bones in the fins of lobe-fins.

Answer: Plants can use the energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into. When the cell has enough organelles to make two cells, the division process starts. Let's discuss the process of photosynthesis again, this time taking a closer look at it. Just A long rope to represent the cell wall.

Jump rope is thin and elastic which is made by twisting two threads together which somewhat looks like a cell membrane can be used as a model for plant cell membrane.

Hence, the thin and elastic nature of jump rope could be used to model the cell membrane of a plant cell.

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It is true that certain women, including Angelina Jolie, who have mutations in tumor suppressor genes, may choose to undergo oophorectomy, which involves the removal of their ovaries, to reduce their risk of certain types of cancer.

However, as a result of this procedure, these women are likely to experience lower levels of circulating androgens and estrogen, unless they take supplements.

Women with mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, have a higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.

As a preventive measure, some women opt for oophorectomy, which involves the surgical removal of the ovaries. This decreases the production of estrogen, which can stimulate the growth of some types of breast cancer.

However, the ovaries also produce androgens, which are converted to estrogen in the body's fat tissues.

Therefore, women who undergo oophorectomy may experience lower circulating levels of both androgens and estrogen, which can have various physiological effects such as decreased libido, decreased bone density, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

To counteract these effects, some women may take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to supplement their hormone levels.

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Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are: anabolic. The correct option is (B).

Anabolic pathways are those metabolic pathways in which simple molecules are combined to form more complex molecules. These pathways require energy, usually in the form of ATP, to drive the chemical reactions that synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors.

Anabolic pathways play an important role in building the macromolecules needed for cellular structures and functions, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and complex carbohydrates. These pathways are also involved in the storage of energy in the form of glycogen, lipids, and other complex molecules.

Examples of anabolic pathways include protein synthesis, DNA replication, and glycogen synthesis. These pathways are often linked to catabolic pathways, which break down complex molecules into simpler ones and release energy.

Together, anabolic and catabolic pathways maintain the balance of chemical reactions in the cell, allowing it to grow, divide, and carry out its functions.

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Genetic flaws (mutations) are passed down from a parent or develop spontaneously after conception are what lead to neurofibromatosis.

Depending on the kind of neurofibromatosis, particular genes like NF1 may be involved. NF1 is a gene that can be found on chromosome 17. This gene makes the neurofibromin protein, which aids in controlling cell growth. A family history of neurofibromatosis is the main risk factor for the condition. About half of those with NF1 and NF2 received the condition from a parent who had it. People with NF1 and NF2 who do not have affected relatives are more likely to have a novel gene mutation.

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Answer:

A theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells.

Explanation:

The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

The end of the Permian period, approximately 252 million years ago, was indeed characterized by a significant mass extinction event of (a) shallow-water marine invertebrates.

This event, known as the Permian-Triassic extinction or the Great Dying, is considered the most severe mass extinction in Earth's history. It resulted in the loss of a vast number of species and ecosystems.

Option A: Shallow-water marine invertebrates were indeed severely affected during this mass extinction. It is estimated that around 95% of marine species, including various invertebrates such as brachiopods, trilobites, and mollusks, became extinct.

Option B: Dinosaurs and other large reptiles did not exist during the Permian period. They emerged in later periods and were not directly affected by the Permian-Triassic extinction.

Option C: Small mammals also did not exist during the Permian period. Mammals evolved and diversified in later periods, and their presence was not significant during the Permian-Triassic extinction.

Option D: Large mammals did not exist during the Permian period as well. Mammals, including large ones, evolved much later in geological history.

In summary, the end of the Permian period was characterized by a mass extinction of (a) shallow-water marine invertebrates, among many other species.

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Answer:

To be honest the Atmosphere is 72 percent nitrogen and 25 percent oxygen and

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are together called “the energy cycle” because the vast amount of biomass on Earth is sustained by these metabolic pathways and they are interrelated processes.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two metabolic pathways that play fundamental roles to sustain life on the Earth.

Photosynthesis is a series of metabolic reactions through which plants and also algae generate biomass in the form of simple carbohydrates such as glucose, which is achieved using sunlight and carbon dioxide generated through cellular respiration.

Moreover, cellular respiration generates energy in aerobic organisms which requires the use of oxygen as a reactant obtained by the mechanism of Photosynthesis.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are fundamental processes to sustain life on the earth's planet and they are interrelated because the products of photosynthesis are used as reactants in cellular respiration.

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The dominant allele is A, which controls color. The allele combination B/b is lethal.

The observed ratio of white, spotted to blue, spotted fish in the F1 progeny suggests that the white color trait is dominant over the blue color trait. This indicates that the dominant allele for color is A.

Additionally, the presence of white, striped and blue, striped fish in the F1 progeny suggests that the striped pattern is controlled by a different gene, as it segregates independently of color. Therefore, the allele combination responsible for the striped pattern is B/b.

The presence of white, spotted and blue, spotted fish in the F1 progeny supports the hypothesis that the combination of alleles A/a (white color) and B/b (spotted pattern) results in viable offspring. However, the absence of any white, striped or blue, striped fish in the F1 progeny suggests that the combination of alleles A/a (blue color) and B/b (striped pattern) is lethal.

To confirm this hypothesis, a chi-squared test can be conducted. The observed numbers can be compared to the expected numbers based on Mendelian genetics. The expected numbers can be calculated by applying the laws of segregation and independent assortment. The chi-squared test will determine whether the observed ratios significantly deviate from the expected ratios, providing statistical evidence to support or reject the hypothesis.

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(Side note: haha I just finished this for a class today)

Explanation:

There are many things to define something as living such as certain properties. There properties might include things such as growth and development, there energy source, response to the environment, there internal balance, and reproduction.

These all have a big role in telling us whether something is living or nonliving. What it means to be living is to have certain characteristics nonliving organisms might not have. Like flowers there energy source would be the sun, they grow with water and the sun, and response to the environment could mean like how some flowers grow towards the sun, flowers reproduce with their seeds. To be living is to have everything working together in the right spots at one time. Like how your different body systems work together to keep you alive. (reminder: live your life to the fullest because everything doesnt last forever :)) )

Answer:C

Explanation:trust me

The human body is a complex organism and understanding its structure and functions requires a thorough knowledge of directional terminology, body planes, and body movements. In this image, we can see a person performing a side plank exercise which is an effective core-strengthening exercise.

We can also use directional terminology to describe the person's movements. The person is performing a lateral flexion to the side while maintaining an isometric contraction of the core muscles. The movement involves the transverse axis of the body, which runs from front to back, perpendicular to the frontal plane.

In conclusion, this picture shows a person performing a side plank exercise, positioned on the frontal plane and performing a lateral flexion movement. The person is using their core muscles to maintain the position while one arm is supporting their weight and the other arm is extended towards the ceiling.

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Answer:

Plant cells have a cell wall animal cells do not

Plant cells also have a permanent vacuole for food storage which animals do not

Only plant cells have chloroplasts as they use them to produce glucose

Answer:The changes in land use associated with urban development affect flooding in many ways. Removing vegetation and soil, grading the land surface, and constructing drainage networks increase runoff to streams from rainfall and snowmelt.

Explanation:

The central dogma is a statement of the fact that the genetic information encoded in DNA flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to protein. This principle was first proposed by Francis Crick in 1958, and it has since been supported by extensive experimental evidence.

The central dogma, therefore, states that the information contained in genes is transmitted through the transcription of DNA into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. However, the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics is not consistent with the central dogma of molecular biology.

This theory proposes that an organism can pass on to its offspring traits acquired during its lifetime. For example, if a giraffe stretches its neck to reach the leaves on a tree, its offspring will inherit a longer neck. This theory, also known as Lamarckism, was proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in the early 19th century and was widely accepted until the discovery of the mechanism of inheritance in the early 20th century.

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Answer:

The correct answer is B) forebrain and cerebellum.

The forebrain and cerebellum are correctly paired structures in the central nervous system. The brain is divided into three main regions: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

The forebrain is the largest region of the brain and consists of several structures, including the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as conscious thought, perception, memory, and voluntary movement.

On the other hand, the cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. It plays a crucial role in coordinating and regulating motor movements, balance, and posture.

Hence the correct pairing is B) forebrain and cerebellum.

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The time spent in each phase is larger in NORMAL cells than in CANCER cells. It is due to cancer cells divide faster.

Cancer cells are cells that lost their ability to self-regulation and proliferate in an uncontrolled manner.

Cancer cells proliferate to create tumors and may migrate from one tissue to another.

Cancer cells can proliferate in a faster way when compared to normal cells, thereby generating tumors.

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Electromagnetic tools can better examine the traits of longer fibers. The correct option is a.

Devices with electromagnets are referred to as electromagnetic devices. Doorbells and any other gadget with an electric motor, such as a fan, are examples of electromagnetic devices.

A doorbell's electromagnet draws the clapper, which strikes the bell and causes it to ring. Long fiber composites are among the most resilient injection molding plastic materials with structural features due to their enhanced toughness.

Therefore, the correct option is a. longer fibers.

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Answer:

third point described the relationship between X and Y

Answer:

1. t

2. t

3. t

4. t

5. t

6. t

7. f

8. t

Answer: Nitrogen fixation is on the left going into the ground and denitrification is the release on the right side.

Explanation:

The effect conventional agriculture has on biodiversity is that biodiversity is diminished in cultivated fields.

The loss of biodiversity for food and agriculture, as reported by most countries, is associated with changes in land and water use and management, followed by

With this information, we can conclude that the effect conventional agriculture has on biodiversity is that biodiversity is diminished in cultivated fields.

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The term that correctly fills the blank is "neobladder". A neobladder is a replacement for the missing bladder that has been created by using about 20 inches of the small intestine.

The process of using a small part of the small intestine to create a new bladder is known as a neobladder reconstruction or an orthotopic neobladder. A neobladder is a surgical approach used to create a new bladder for patients who have had their bladder removed due to cancer or other conditions. This bladder is created using a section of the patient's small intestine.The neobladder acts as a replacement for the bladder in that it stores and releases urine in the same way that a natural bladder would. The bladder is an essential organ of the urinary system that helps store and pass urine out of the body. The bladder holds urine until it is released from the body through the urethra. This new bladder created through a neobladder procedure has allowed many patients to recover better after bladder removal surgeries and continue with their regular daily activities.

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Itchy, blistering, dry, and cracked skin are symptoms of contact dermatitis. Darker skin can turn gray or dark brown, whereas lighter skin can turn red.

Examples include hives, eczema, psoriasis, scabies, parasites, scars from burns, and eczema and psoriasis. internal illnesses. Whole-body itching could be an indication of an underlying condition such liver disease, renal disease, malaria, diabetes, thyroid issues, or even some malignancies.

The itching that comes with diabetes can be severe. It's difficult to resist the want to scratch because of how grating the sensation is, yet doing so could make that itch worse. Nevertheless, if you have diabetic nerve damage, you may itch wherever.

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Clomifene is a drug used as a fertility drug to stimulate ovulation, the release of eggs. It works by blocking the action of oestrogen's negative feedback on LH. Therefore more LH is released in a surge.

Fertility drugs contain FSH and LH to artificially alter the menstrual cycle and increase the chance of pregnancy. The FSH stimulates eggs to mature in the ovary and the LH encourages ovulation to occur.

Gonadotropin medications include human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG and FSH. Another gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, is used to mature the eggs and trigger their release at the time of ovulation.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

It's Pretty Easy To Know

At 0.3 ppm, lung function is better in subjects older than 20.

Hence, B option is correct.

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