What mass of NO2 can be produced when 678 mL of oxygen at STP and 256 grams of NH3 are mixed together?

It is necessary to add zncl 2 to promote the reaction of hcl with some alcohols as this reaction is reversible to make it irreversible ZnCl2 is used.

ZnCl2 is used as Lewis acid catalyst. Since Cl- is weaker nucleophile than Br. The lewis acid ZnCl2 coordinate with oxygen of alcohol and proceed the reaction in forward direction.

HCl is less reactive with alcohols whereas the bond between H and Cl is stronger than HBr and HI.

Hence its reaction with alcohols need a catalyst ZnCl2, which helps in the breaking of bond between H and Cl.

Therefore, Luca's reagent is used in the reaction of HCl and alcohol.

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The arrangement of its atoms or molecules best explains many physical properties of a material.

What is Metal?

A metal is a type of material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, ductile, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are characterized by their ability to form cations, which are positively charged ions, by losing electrons. They typically have metallic bonds, which are formed when the outermost electrons of metal atoms are delocalized and shared among a lattice of metal ions. This results in metals having a unique set of physical and chemical properties, such as high melting and boiling points, high density, and good strength-to-weight ratios, making them useful for a wide range of applications, including construction, transportation, electronics, and manufacturing.

Many physical properties of a material can be explained by its atomic and molecular structure. The arrangement of atoms and molecules in a material determines its physical properties such as density, melting and boiling points, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and more. For example, a material with a tightly packed atomic arrangement will be denser than a material with a more open arrangement. Similarly, the strength of the bonds between atoms and molecules will determine how much energy is required to melt or boil the material.

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Answer:

10.5 k.J.

Explanation:

the density of concentrated sulfuric acid is 1.84 g/mL when a flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water and later with sulfuric acid whose mass is 1026.57 g.

Given mass of flask mf = 78.23 g

Mass of flask when filled with water mfw =  593.63 g

Mass of water mw = mfw - mf = 593.63 - 78.23 = 515.4g

Volume of water Vw = Volume of acid Vc = 515.4mL

Mass of flask when filled with acid mfa = 1026.57 g

Mass of acid ma = mfa-mf = 1026.57 - 78.23 = 948.34g

Density = mass(ma)/volume of acid (Va)

= 948.34/515.4 = 1.84 g/mL

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The moles of Fe³⁺ present at equilibrium is 3.8 × 10⁻³ moles and the correct option is option 2.

Chemical equilibrium is the state of a system in which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process. The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur even after equilibrium has been reached. However, because the rates of the reactions are the same, there is no change in the relative concentrations of reactants and products for a reaction that is at equilibrium.

Given,

The reaction of [Fe(SCN)]²⁺ :

                                   Fe³⁺ + SCN⁻ ⇆ [Fe(SCN)]²⁺

The initial number of moles of Fe³⁺ = 4 × 10⁻³

Number of moles of [Fe(SCN)]²⁺ at equilibrium = 2 × 10⁻⁴

    Number of moles of Fe³⁺ at equilibrium =

   (initial number of moles of Fe³⁺ - moles of [Fe(SCN)]²⁺ at equilibrium)

                         = ( 4 × 10⁻³ - 2 × 10⁻⁴)

                          = 3.8 × 10⁻³ moles

Therefore, the number of moles of Fe³⁺  of at equilibrium is 3.8 × 10⁻³ moles.

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The heat energy needed to change the temperature of  15 g of the sample by 8°C is given 303 J. Then, the specific heat of the substance is 2.52 J/°C g

Calorimetry is an analytical  technique used to determine the heat energy absorbed or released by  a system. The calorimetric equation relating the heat energy q with the mass of the substance m, specific heat c and temperature difference ΔT is given as:

q = m c ΔT.

Given that the mass of the sample = 15 g

temperature difference   ΔT = 8 °C

specific heat c = ?

The heat energy absorbed by the sample is calculated as follows:

303 J= 15 g ×  C × 8 °C

Then, C = 303 J /( 15 g× 8 °C) = 2.52 J/°C g

Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the substance is 2.52 J/°C g.

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Answer:

2.5 J/gC degrees

Explanation:

Valences have the greatest tendency to form ions, are, +1,-1,+2,-2,+3,-3. All the options are correct.

Valence is the number of electrons lost or gained in a reaction to complete an element's outer energy level.

When an atom gains or loses a valence electron, it forms an ion. Atoms form ions in order to help another to obtain a full octet and to stabilize the valence.

Some atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions because they need to become more stable. They sometimes give them to have an outer shell or gain them to get a closer charge to eight.

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Answer:

+1,-1,+2,-2,+3,-3

Explanation:

Answer:

-205.7kj

Explanation:

Now adding reaction 2 and twice of reaction 3 and reverse of reaction 1, we get the enthalpy of the reaction.

The expression for enthalpy for the following reaction will be,

where,

n = number of moles

Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:

Therefore, the enthalpy of the following reaction is,  -205.7kj

Answer:

67.8%

Explanation:

La reacción de descomposición del CaCO₃ es:

CaCO₃ → CO₂ + CaO

Donde 1 mol de CaCO₃ al descomponerse produce 1 mol de CO₂ y 1 mol de CaO.

Usando la ley general de los gases, las moles de dioxido de carbono son:

PV = nRT.

Donde P es presión (1atm), V es volumen (20L), n son moles de gas, R es la constante de los gases (0.082atmL/molK) y T es temperatura absoluta (15 + 273.15 = 288.15K). Reemplazando los valores en la ecuación:

PV / RT = n

1atmₓ20L / 0.082atmL/molKₓ288.15K = 0.846 moles

Como 1 mol de CO₂ es producido desde 1 mol de CaCO₃, las moles iniciales de CaCO₃ son 0.846moles.

La masa molar de CaCO₃ es 100.087g/mol. Así, la masa de 0.846moles de CaCO₃ es:

0.846moles ₓ (100.087g / mol) = 84.7g de CaCO₃

Así, la pureza del marmol es:

(84.7g de CaCO₃ / 125g) ₓ 100 =

The equations for the substitution reaction of methane with bromine are as follows:

In the first equation, one hydrogen atom from methane (CH₄) is substituted with a bromine atom (Br) to form bromomethane (CH₃Br) and hydrogen bromide (HBr). In the second equation, another hydrogen atom from bromomethane (CH3Br) is substituted with a bromine atom (Br) to form dibromo methane (CH₂Br₂) and hydrogen bromide (HBr). In the third equation, a third hydrogen atom from dibromo methane (CH₂Br₂) is substituted with a bromine atom (Br) to form tribromomethane (CHBr₃) and hydrogen bromide (HBr). In the fourth and final equation, the last hydrogen atom from tribromomethane (CHBr₃) is substituted with a bromine atom (Br) to form tetrabromo methane (CBr₄) and hydrogen bromide (HBr).

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Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to convert a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state at a constant temperature and pressure. It is a measure of the strength of the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together in the liquid phase.

Heat of vaporization:

Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to convert a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state at a constant temperature and pressure. It is a measure of the strength of the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together in the liquid phase.

When a substance is heated, the added energy increases the kinetic energy of the molecules, causing them to move faster. As the temperature rises, the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases, and eventually, the molecules have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and escape from the liquid phase, forming a gas.

The heat of vaporization is specific to each substance and is typically expressed in units of joules per gram (J/g) or calories per gram (cal/g). It is an important property in various applications, such as in the design of cooling systems, understanding phase changes, and calculating energy requirements for processes involving vaporization.

Fact:

The heat of vaporization for water is approximately 40.7 kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) at its boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius.

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The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert one gram of a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state without any change in temperature. It is denoted by delta Hvap.

This is a measure of the energy that is required to overcome the intermolecular forces that hold a liquid together and break the bonds between the molecules to form a gas.Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert one gram of a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state without any change in temperature.

There are many interesting phenomena where the heat of vaporisation can be seen. For instance, heat is continuously added to liquid water when it boils on a hob in order to overcome the intermolecular interactions and turn it into water vapour. Similar to how sweat evaporates from our skin, the heat that is removed from us as the sweat changes from a liquid to a gas cools us down.

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The Born -Haber cycle is  used to find out the lattice energy and formation enthalpy of a reaction from its individual steps. The total energy of the cycle is zero.

According to Hess law, we can split a reaction into several steps. each steps involves the phase transitions, ionization of constituent elements.

The energy required form a solid compound from its constituent elements in gaseous state is called the lattice energy of the compound. Here the formation of KBr from gaseous K and Br is given. Thus the enthalpy change is called lattice energy.

The lattice energy plus the formation energy is called the total energy in the reaction. Where, the enthalpy change of the cycle is zero. The Born -Haber cycle of the given reaction include first reaction with the phase transition of each elements and their ionization.

The ionized atoms combine together to form the product, which is written as the overall reaction in the top.

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The ionization values belong to the element magnesium (Mg). Ionization values help us determine the amount of energy that will be required to remove one or more electrons from an atom. The third period is where we can locate the element that has these ionization values.

These ionization values are listed in the table given below:Element: Mg (Magnesium)First ionization energy: 738 kJ/molSecond ionization energy: 1450 kJ/molThird ionization energy: 7732.7 kJ/mol

For a neutral atom, the first ionization energy (IE1) is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell. As we move from left to right in a period, the ionization energy increases. In the third period, Mg (magnesium) has first, second, and third ionization energies of 738 kJ/mol, 1450 kJ/mol, and 7732.7 kJ/mol, respectively. Magnesium is a chemical element that has an atomic number of 12. It has two valence electrons and is located in group 2 of the periodic table. Magnesium has a melting point of 1,202°F (650°C) and a boiling point of 1,994°F (1,090°C). It is a silver-white metal that is widely used in the manufacture of alloys and other industrial applications.

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Answer: 8 electrons

Explanation:

Answer: 8 valence electrons

Explanation: This is because the maximum electron an energy level can hold is 8 making it a stable atom

The mass of chromium that could be deposited by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Cr2(SO4)3 for 155 min using a constant current of 10.0 A is approximately X grams.

During the electrolysis process, the amount of substance deposited on an electrode can be determined using Faraday's laws of electrolysis. The first law states that the mass of substance deposited is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte. The quantity of electricity can be calculated using the equation Q = I × t, where Q is the quantity of electricity in coulombs, I is the current in amperes, and t is the time in seconds. Since the current is given as 10.0 A and the time is 155 min (or 9300 s), we can calculate Q as Q = 10.0 A × 9300 s.

The next step is to determine the number of moles of chromium ions (Cr³⁺) in Cr2(SO4)3. Cr2(SO4)3 contains 2 moles of chromium ions per formula unit. To find the number of moles of chromium ions, we divide the quantity of electricity (Q) by the Faraday constant (F), which is approximately 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons. Thus, the number of moles of chromium ions is Q / F.

Finally, to calculate the mass of chromium, we multiply the number of moles of chromium ions by the molar mass of chromium, which is approximately 52.0 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of chromium deposited is equal to the number of moles of chromium ions multiplied by the molar mass of chromium.

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Answer:

stroma part of chloroplast

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

2.38 moles

There are 2.38 moles present in a 200-gram sample of sodium bicarbonate with a chemical formula of NaHCO3.

Answer:

Number of moles = weight of substance / molar mass of substance. Therefore, 100 grams of N2 = 100/ 28 moles. Number of molecules of N2 = number of moles x Avogadro number. Since, N2 is diatomic molecule which contain two atoms of nitrogen.

Answer:

1. Empirical formula => CH2O2

2. Molecular formula => C2H4O4

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Carbon (C) = 26.4 %

Hydrogen (H) = 3.3 %

Oxygen (O) = 70.3 %

Molar mass of compound = 91.0 g/mol

Empirical formula =..?

Molecular formula =..?

1. Determination of the empirical formula of the compound.

C = 26.4 %

H = 3.3 %

O = 70.3 %

Divide by their molar mass

C = 26.4 /12 = 2.2

H = 3.3 /1 = 3.3

O = 70.3 /16 = 4.39

Divide by the smallest

C = 2.2 /2.2 = 1

H = 3.3 /2.2 = 2

O = 4.39 /2.2 = 2

Empirical formula => CH2O2

2. Determination of the molecular formula of the compound.

Molar mass of compound = 91.0 g/mol

Empirical formula => CH2O2

Molecular formula => [CH2O2]n

We shall determine the value of n as follow:

[CH2O2]n = 91

[12 + (2×1) + (2×16)]n = 91

[12 + 2 + 32]n = 91

46n = 91

Divide both side by 46

n = 91/46

n = 2

Molecular formula => [CH2O2]n

Molecular formula => C2H4O4

In the given case where 26.4 % Carbon , 3.3 % Hydrogen , 70.3 % Oxygen , and Molar Mass: 91.0 g/mol the:

Given:

Carbon (C) = 26.4 %  

Hydrogen (H) = 3.3 %  

Oxygen (O) = 70.3 %  

Molar mass of compound = 91.0 g/mol  

Determination of the empirical formula of the compound:-

The ratio is CHO = 1 : 1.5 : 2

multiply with 2 to find correct and complete number ratio

C = 1 × 2 = 2

H = 1.5 × 2 = 3

O = 2 × 2 = 4

Thus,  the Empirical formula => \(C_2H_3O_4\)

Mass × n = molar mass

12 × 2 + 1 × 3 + 16 × 4 = 91

24 + 3 + 64 = 91

91 = 91

Thus moles are 1 which means

molecular formula =  (\(C_2H_3O_4\))\(_1\)

Thus, here in the given data:

Molecular Formula: (\(C_2H_3O_4\))\(_1\)

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Answer:

Two similar atoms or different atoms

Explanation:

A molecule is made up of at least two similar atoms or different atoms.

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance capable of independent existence.

Answer: Two similar atoms or different atoms.

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The peptide bond between which two amino acid residues is cleaved by HIV protease will be "Phenylalanine Proline".

Whenever the carboxyl group with one molecule combines at all with  the amino group of the other molecule, a molecule of water is released, and a peptide bond is created among the two molecules (\(H_{2} O\))

The HIV protease breaks down large precursor proteins towards smaller ones. A new HIV virus is created when these smaller proteins interact with both the genetic material of HIV. HIV cannot replicate when protease is blocked by protease inhibitors (PIs).

HIV protease breaks down freshly created polyproteins specifically, Gag as well as Gag-Pol at nine cleavage sites to produce the mature protein components of such an HIV virion, the infectious version of the virus beyond the host cell. HIV virions do not spread disease in the absence of an efficient HIV protease.

Therefore, the peptide bond between which two amino acid residues is cleaved by HIV protease will be "Phenylalanine Proline".

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The concentration of the solution is 0.05 M

the molecular mass of HNO3 = 1 + 14+ 16 X 3 = 63g

we know the formula mass = number of moles X molecular mass the compound

the concentration of solution nothing but moles of compound in solution thus moles of solution = 3.15/63 = 0.05 M

A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The most prevalent molarity unit in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.

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Both concentration and conductivity increase when larger amounts of sugar in a beaker of water dissolves.

The volume of the resulting solution will be larger than one quart if you dissolve a cup of sugar in a quart of water. In comparison to distilled water, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher. Most of the time, a particular amount of solvent can only dissolve a specific maximum amount of solute. This maximum amount is specified as the solubility of the solute. Only solutions with charge carriers will be able to conduct electricity. Simply having polar molecules in the solution is insufficient. It must be able to transfer electrons between points with the least amount of interference.

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Answer:

15.2 +25.3

Explanation:

because it will determine by its weight

25 moles of C3H8 will be produced from 75 moles of CO2.

To find the value of moles of a product from the number of moles of a reactant, it is necessary to observe the stoichiometric ratio between them:

                             \(C_3H_8 + 5 O_2 = > 3 CO_2 + 4 H_2O\)

Analyzing the reaction, it is possible to see that the stoichiometric ratio is 1:3, so we can perform the following expression:

                            C3H8                CO2

                                      \(\frac{1mol}{xmol} =\frac{3mol}{75mol}\)

                                         \(x = 25mol\)

So, 25 moles of C3H8 will be produced from 75 moles of CO2.

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\(Ae^(-75000/8.314*323)\) = k0 is the rate constant for the reaction at 50 ∘C. If the frequency factor and activation energy do not change as a function of temperature.

A) The rate constant (k) of a reaction can be calculated using the Arrhenius equation:

k = \(Ae^(-Ea/RT)\)

Where A is the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and e is the natural logarithm base. Assuming the frequency factor and activation energy are constant, the rate constant can be calculated as follows:

T = 50 + 273 = 323 K

k = \(Ae^(-Ea/RT)\) = \(Ae^(-75000/8.314*323) = k0\)

Here, k0 is the rate constant at a reference temperature. To determine the rate constant at 50 ∘C, we need to know the value of k0, which is not provided.

B) The temperature at which the reaction rate would be doubled can be calculated using the Arrhenius equation as follows:

k1 = \(2k0 = 2Ae^(-Ea/RT)\)

T1 = \((Ea/R) * ((-ln(2k0/A))^(-1))\)

Here, k1 is the rate constant at the temperature T1, at which the reaction rate would be doubled. To calculate T1, we need to know the values of k0 and A, which are not provided.

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Answer:

hi

Explanation:

The molecules of the green food coloring would disperse throughout the water.

i) In a few hours, the molecules of the green food coloring would have started dispersing throughout the water from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

ii) In several days, the molecules would have uniformly dispersed through the water.

b) According to the kinetic theory of particles, matters, irrespective of their nature, are made up of small molecules that are in constant random motion. The direction and pace of movement depend on the energy they possess as well as the kind of relationship that exists between the small molecules.

c)The process that takes place in the experiment is known as diffusion.

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Two reasons for delta G going down are decrease in enthalpy and increase in entropy.

Delta G is the Gibbs free energy change of a system, which determines whether a reaction is spontaneous or not.

The value of delta G is related to the enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) changes of a system through the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where T is the temperature.

Decrease in enthalpy: If the enthalpy of the system decreases, then ΔH becomes negative. As ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, a negative ΔH leads to a negative ΔG.

This means that the reaction becomes more spontaneous as the enthalpy decreases.

Increase in entropy: If the entropy of the system increases, then ΔS becomes positive. As ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, a positive ΔS leads to a negative ΔG if ΔH is negative.

This means that the reaction becomes more spontaneous as the entropy increases.

Therefore, if there is a decrease in enthalpy or an increase in entropy, the value of delta G decreases, making the reaction more spontaneous.

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130 ppm will contain  0.12985167 grams of chlorine present in per liter of pool water.

This is an abbreviation for "parts per million" and it also can be expressed as milligrams per liter (mg/L).

1001.142303 ppm is equal to 1 g/L

So, 130 ppm will contain  \(\frac{130}{1001.142303}\) grams of chlorine present in per liter of pool water which is equal to 0.12985167 gram/L.

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Answer:

The way I just figured it out myself and made another acc to put the answer on :/

Explanation: