“All persons born or naturalized in the United States,” a major provision of the 14th Amendment, gave citizenship to people who had been enslaved in the past.
What are the 4 central matters of the fourteenth Amendment?The 14th Amendment deals with citizenship rights, equal protection, allocation, and the debt from the Civil War.
Equal legal protection is guaranteed by the 14th Amendment, which requires states to grant all citizens the right to due process. Its motivation was first to permit previous slaves prompt US citizenship, however its language likewise permitted it to be utilized to permit freedoms for all individuals in all states.
Additionally, there were provisions in the 14th Amendment that were intended to prevent Confederate leaders from regaining political power or reaping economic benefits from the emancipation of slaves.
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What crimes are likely to be included in the UCR and NIBRS
The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is a nationwide system of collecting and reporting crime data, maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the United States.
Human trafficking: This is a crime that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to exploit people for labor or commercial sex.
Identity theft: This is a crime that involves stealing someone's personal information to commit fraud or other crimes.
Animal cruelty: This is a crime that involves the abuse or neglect of animals.
Cybercrime: This is a crime that involves the use of computers or the internet to commit fraud, theft, or other illegal activities.
Domestic violence: This is a crime that involves violence or abuse within a domestic relationship, such as between spouses, partners, or family members.
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list of roles to be played by the students and community in the protection of national heritages
Answer:
Prevent ourselves and others from scribbling on the walls.
Participating in the regular Cleanliness Drives.
Being a part of the ‘Adopt a Heritage’ initiative
Spreading awareness around about these monuments and their importance.
How did John Adams handle the conflict with France?
PLEASE HELP!
Answer:
He snapped
Explanation:
Answer:
he signed the alien and sedition acts into law and believed they were necessary to protect the united states at a time when war with france was still possible.
Explanation:
Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom to petition the government can together be called freedom of expression.
How does freedom of expression protect individual liberty?
It keeps people from complaining about violations of their rights.
It protects rights by creating a society where other rights are not in danger.
It helps control the government by allowing people to disagree, protest, or ask for change.
It keeps the government from controlling who people meet with and what they think or say.
Answer: It helps control the government by allowing people to disagree, protest, or ask for change.
Explanation: Freedom of Expression is built around the consent part of "consent of the governed
Answer: It helps control the government by allowing people to disagree, protest, or asking for change
Explanation:
Select the locations of the world's earliest river valley civilizations.
The Nile, Tigris and Euphrades, and the Huang He River.
The rapid physiological reactions the body undergoes in response to a stressor are collectively known as
The rapid physiological reactions the body undergoes in response to a stressor are collectively known as the "fight-or-flight" response.
The body's initial and instinctive physiological responses when faced with a perceived threat or stressor are referred to as the "fight-or-flight" response. The sympathetic nervous system is activated when the brain senses a possible threat, which causes a number of physiological changes. These alterations include a faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, sharper sensory awareness, shallow breathing, and the production of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These reactions set the body up to either immediately face the threat (fight) or run away from it (flight). An evolutionary adaption called the fight-or-flight response aids people in responding swiftly and efficiently to possible threats, improving their odds of surviving.
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Directions: Answer the following questions in your own words using complete sentences. Do not copy and paste from the lesson or the internet.
1. How does the biomagnification work? How does this buildup of chemicals affect the environment? How can this be reduced?
2. Define mutagens and teragens.
3. Why do some toxins affect people, animals, or the environment differently?
4. Identify an environmental activist or group who has brought attention to an issue. Research the issue and the primary individuals involved.
5. Research a current public issue concerning an environmental hazard. Discuss the issue, the causes and possible solutions.
Biomagnification is the process by which certain substances, such as pesticides or heavy metals, accumulate in the tissues of organisms as they move up the food chain. Mutagens cause mutations in DNA while teratogens cause birth defects.
Biomagnification happens when toxins, like pesticides or weighty metals, aggregate in the tissues of organic entities at more elevated levels in the well established order of things.
Mutagens are substances or specialists that can cause changes in DNA, possibly prompting transformations and hereditary harm.
Poisons can influence individuals, creatures, or the climate distinctively founded on elements like the portion and term of openness, the particular kind of poison, and the attributes of the living being uncovered.
Greta Thunberg is a notable ecological extremist who has brought issues to light about the pressing need to address environmental change.
One ebb and flow natural risk is the issue of plastic contamination on the planet's seas.
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Biomagnification occurs as a result of the buildup of toxins in living organisms in a food chain.
Mutagens are agents that cause mutation whereas teragens are agents that cause cancer.
What is biomagnification?
Biomagnification is the buildup of toxins in living organisms in a food chain.
For example, a human who eats fish from a toxic water body will have a build up of toxins from the fish as well as from the water body.
Build up of chemicals in the environment lead to pollution.
This can be reduced by proper water disposal methods.
What are mutagen and teragens?
Mutagens are agents that cause mutation whereas teragens are agents that cause cancer. Examples are ionizing radiation and certain chemicals.
Toxins affects people, animals, or the environment differently because of the difference in the genetic makeup of the organisms as well as the biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.
An example of an environment activist is Greta Thurnberg, who as brought to fore the issue of climate change due to human activities such as environmental pollution.
In conclusion, environmental pollution leads to adverse effects in people, animals and the environment.
Children "talking friendships into existence," and adults pursuing the "human career" of communication are scholarly descriptions that emphasize which of the needs that communication satisfies?
Answer:
social needs
Explanation:
social needs are usually that needs or longing an individual has for love, attention, belonginess, intimacy, friends, trust, family, relationship e.t.c. most times when our social needs are not melt, we feel this emptiness on the inside and despair. but when our social needs for love and belonging is fulfilled, we fill bless, satisfied, fulfilled and a sense of well-being.
Abraham Maslow, a psychologist postulated a concept called the hierarchy of needs which consist of the physiological needs, safety and security needs,social needs, esteem need and lastly self-actualizing need in the order of hierarchy in a pyramid. he stated that one need from the bottom must be meant before you can move to the next one.
when the need for safety and security is meant, then one moves to the social need on the pyramid. social need is very important and essential to our everyday living that is to human thriving, as one is hungry when he do not eat so we are restless and depressed when our social needs are not meant.
children values friendship and wants to have friends they can trust and lean on while adults seeks to advance in their careers and make a difference in their various field. when these need are meant, the children/adult feel a sense of fulfillment and love.
How does the constitution emphasize both national sovereignty and federalism? (Use evidence)
Federalism restricts the scope of government by establishing two sovereign powers—the federal government and state governments—and limiting the influence of each.
How to illustrate the information?Federalism extends beyond state rights and authority. Its core is dual sovereignty, the clever arrangement devised by the Framers to distribute power between the federal and state governments while allowing for mutual checks and balances. That check serves to protect people from concentrations of power.
Both popular sovereignty and limited government assert that the people confer power on the government. They wanted the government to be under the law, not above it, thus this notion was crucial.
Article VII of the Constitution, which stipulated that nine states had to ratify the proposed system of government before it could become the ultimate law of the land, was another example of popular sovereignty.
In conclusion, federalism restricts the scope of government by establishing two sovereign powers—the federal government and state governments—and limiting the influence of each.
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how is ranking different when comparing ppc vs seo
PPC advertising enables companies to pay for adverts to be seen on websites that are known to get ranking.
The practice of optimizing a website for SEO, on the other hand, makes it appear higher up on search engine results pages (SERPs). In this article, we'll explain the distinctions between PPC and SEO and offer you a general idea of how ranking differs between the two. Additionally, we'll explain how to pick the best form of promotion for your company and offer some useful pointers for improving the SEO of your website. With PPC, you can purchase advertisements that appear on search engine results pages. (SERP). This is the initial page of outcomes for the specified search term. By enhancing its visibility, SEO helps your website rank higher for particular keywords in search engine results pages. can be accomplished by using keywords, meta information, backlinks, and other optimization strategies You may improve your chances of bringing in more visitors by optimizing your website for the appropriate keywords.
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Socioeconomic status (SES) is a combination of a. all social factors. b. educational level and occupational prestige. c. place of residence and age. d. none of the above.
Answer:
A.
Explanation: JUST TOOK THE TEST!!
The socioeconomic status of an individual or group refers to their place on the socioeconomic scale. Hence option A is Correct .
What is Socioeconomic status (SES) ?This position is based on a variety of social and economic factors, including their income, their level and type of education, their type and prestige of occupation, where they live, and—in some societies or parts of society—their ethnic origin.
People with incomes over $24,900 are regarded to be of high socioeconomic status, whereas those with incomes of $24,900 or less are considered to be of low socioeconomic status and do not have a college degree.
The standing of a person based on his or her financial worth is referred to as socioeconomic status.
A person with a high socioeconomic class typically earns more money than the value of their home. $24,900. These people may or may not have formal education.
On the other hand, folks who make this much less than they do are regarded as having poor socioeconomic status. Additionally, none of these people have a college degree.
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rebecca has been referred for counseling after numerous reports of spreading rumors about other students and isolating students from their peers. the behaviors that rebecca exhibits are best characterized as
The behaviors that Rebecca exhibits are best characterized as relational aggression
When connections or social standing within a group are harmed rather than physically attacked, this is referred to as relational aggression, a sort of hidden or indirect aggression or bullying. Relational aggression is more prevalent and well-studied in females than in boys, and it is frequently referred to as mean-girl behavior. Numerous studies have found significant distinctions between relational aggressiveness that is proactive and reactive. Relational aggressiveness is linked to a propensity to interpret other people's actions as hostile.
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according to research, which of the following have been positively associated with the development of executive function in children?a. fathers' autonomy supportb. parental educationc. harsh parentingd. secure attachment
Research has linked the development of executive function in children with the following factors:
A. fathers' autonomy supportB. parental educationD. secure attachmentResearch has shown that all three of the factors you listed have been associated with the development of executive function in children. The explanation to each:
Based on this explanation, Options A, B and D are correct.
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About how far did early Buddhist missionaries have to travel to reach Ceylon?
a.
about 250 miles
c.
about 750 miles
b.
about 500 miles
d.
about 1000 miles
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Why does the author included tales about Lynn's night owl at Lakeview restaurant in all American slurp A.To reveal the narrator‘s rejection of American culture B.To reveal the narrator‘s frustration with her parents rules C. To illustrate the narrators difficulties adapting to American culture D.To illustrate the narrative dislike of dining in public places
Answer:
C. To illustrate the narrators difficulties adapting to American culture
Explanation:
This question is about "The All-American Slurp" a short story that talks about a family of Chinese immigrants in America and the difficulties and adversities that this change of country has brought them. In addition to prejudice and xenophobia, the family had to adapt to cultural issues and have great difficulty in adapting to a culture as different as American culture. All of this made the immigration experience very difficult and challenging.
Many countries were invaded during the World War II (Pearl Harbor). Which of the following is not an example of such an invasion
A) Japan invades China
B) Germany invades Poland
C) The United States invades England
D) Russia invades Finland
⚠️PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY⚠️
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The United States and the British were allies during the war and there is no history of an invasion made by the U.S against the British.
B is not an answer because Germany invades Poland because of racial reasons in an event known as the holocaust where 6 million Jewish people died.
D Occured in a state known as the Winter War, where Russian wanted the territory to support the war effort on the communist side for troops to rest which ended in the Moscow Peace Treaty.
A Occured as the Second Sino-Japanese War which sparked before WW2. Japan did this for the materials within China mainly to build planes for the Imperial Army
japan invades china
Explanation:
(NEED HELP ASP) How was the 2000 presidential election in Mexico different from elections of previous decades?
Answer:
I'm sorry I accidentally clicked on this and it won't let me click off
Explanation:
The imagery of servitude and sacrifice reinforces the theme that the moral purpose of a person’s life is to:.
The imagery of servitude and sacrifice reinforces the theme that the moral purpose of a person’s life is to live a life of selflessness, and this is demonstrated through the character of Atticus Finch in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. The book explores the lives of the Finch family, living in a small town in Alabama in the 1930s, during the time of the Great Depression and the rise of racial tensions between the whites and blacks in the community.
Atticus Finch is a lawyer who represents Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman, in a case that becomes the center of controversy in the town. Despite facing the wrath of the community, Atticus continues to defend Tom with all his might, believing that it is his moral duty to fight against injustice and oppression. Through his actions, Atticus embodies the theme of servitude and sacrifice, demonstrating that the moral purpose of a person’s life is to help others, even if it means putting one's own life at risk.
In the novel, the imagery of servitude and sacrifice is further reinforced through the character of Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of a crime he did not commit. Tom’s life is one of constant servitude to the white community, working on their farms and doing odd jobs, without ever being recognized for his efforts. Despite the injustice that he faces, Tom continues to maintain his dignity and integrity, refusing to give up his values and beliefs.
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Discuss the role of Social Security benefits in a retirement plan by addressing the following: Purpose: describe the difference between FICA and Medicare. Next, indicate how each of these benefits are funded (i.e. employee, employer, or both). Eligibility: summarize the eligibility requirements for collecting Social Security. Benefit Age: summarize the three ages that people usually collect Social Security. If you were close to the youngest age, would you start collecting as soon as possible, or would you delay? If you would delay, indicate the age you would select and provide your rationale. Retirement Impact: describe the role that Social Security would play in your retirement plan. Based on the information provided in this module, what percentage of a retiree’s income does Social Security account for? Finally, do you believe that you will be able to depend on Social Security being available when you retire? Explain why or why not.
Social Security benefits play a crucial role in a retirement plan. FICA, which stands for Federal Insurance Contributions Act, refers to the Social Security and Medicare taxes withheld from employees' paychecks.
Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people over the age of 65. Both FICA and Medicare are funded through employee and employer contributions. Eligibility for Social Security benefits requires earning a certain number of credits, which are earned based on earnings.
The three ages at which people usually begin collecting Social Security are 62, full retirement age (between 66 and 67), and 70. If I were close to the youngest age, I might delay collecting until full retirement age to receive higher monthly benefits. Social Security typically accounts for around 40% of a retiree’s income.
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What theory of globalization struck you the most? kindly discuss and give situations to better explain the theory.
The theory of Trans-formationalism best explained to theory of globalization in my opinion.
What is globalization?This refers to the process through which a businesses develops an international influence or starting a business on an international scale.
Because the theory of Trans-formationalism states that globalization involves an increased interconnectedness in business matters across the world creating a shared social space, it is the theory that i sees as the best that describes globalization.
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How were some minority groups left out of the reform movement?
Answer:
They were looked over by the progressive movement because the minority groups worked extremely hard to get attention for their rights.
hope this helps
Explanation:
if not I can change it
QUESTION 28
Which of the following is the reason why the Taft-Hartley Act was passed in 1947?.
Answer:
The upsurge of strikes during that time period.
Explanation:
The Act was approved in 1947 against President Truman's veto by the 80th Congress, the first to be elected after World War II ended, with strong Republican/Southern Democratic majorities taking control of both chambers. Its intention and outcome were to repeal labor-friendly laws passed during the New Deal era (1933–1966). It resembled the "Right-to-work" legislation that were implemented in southern and midwestern states quite a bit. It made it more difficult for a union to become a bargaining unit and increased management's ability to obtain antilabor injunctions with waiting periods and other tools. It also outlawed the closed shop and some types of strikes and boycotts.
Its namesake, Senator Robert A. Taft, was descended from a well-known political family; his father served as President before becoming an Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court and ultimately its Chief Justice. He was a brilliant scholar as well as a very elitist and conservative isolationist before World War II. In the Republican primary of 1952, he was Dwight Eisenhower's main rival.
Thanks.
Answer:
The act was introduced because of the upsurge of strikes during that time period.
Hope this helps!
Explanation:
You didn't include the reasons so....
What is the rectangular territory that is about
25 miles long and 4 to 5 miles wide and is located.
on the Mediterranean Sea called?
The Gaza Strip is the rectangular territory that is about 25 miles long and 4 to 5 miles wide and is located on the Mediterranean Sea.
What is the Gaza Strip and why is it significant?On the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea is a Palestinian exclave known as the Gaza Strip or simply Gaza. The smaller of the two Palestinian territories, it shares borders with Israel for 51 km to the east and north and Egypt for 11 km to the southwest.
Heavy warfare in the autumn of 1948 reduced the area around the town that was under Arab control to a strip of land that was 25 miles long and 4-5 miles broad. The name "Gaza Strip" was given to this region. In the Egyptian-Israeli armistice agreement on February 24, 1949, its borders were set forth. Israel closed its border with the Gaza Strip, largely impeding the movement of persons across it.
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reading about Mohenjo Daro how would you describe the city
Mohenjo-daro, which had incredibly complex civil engineering and urban design, was the most developed metropolis at the time.
What was Indus valley civilization?The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), often referred to as the Indus Civilization or the Harappan Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the northwest of South Asia between 3300 and 1300 BCE and from 2600 to 1900 BCE in its full form.
One of the biggest city-settlements of the south Asian Indus Valley Civilization was Mohenjo-daro. It is located in Pakistan's Sindh province. In the year 2600 BC, the city was founded. It was one among the world's first urban centers.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Mohenjo Daro was the ancient city located near the Indus river.
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The intent of hazardous materials regulations is to ensure safety, contain the material, and:_______.
The intent of hazardous materials regulations is to ensure safety, contain the material, and risk communication.
A hazard is a potential source of harm. An object, event, or situation may represent a hazard even if its nature theoretically permits harm to health, life, property, or other valuable interest.
1: Hazardous activities, involving or exposing risk (in terms of loss or damage) to hazardous waste disposal.
2: Relying on the action of unpredictable and unanalyzable forces in determining events: Relying on hazards (see hazard entry 1 sense 2a) or accidental hazardous consequences.
For example, mold, blood, other bodily fluids, weeds, sewage, dust, pests, etc.
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What is the public interface of a class? how does it differ from the implementation of a class?
The public interface of a class refers to the set of methods and variables that are accessible to other classes and objects. It defines how other parts of a program can interact with the class and use its functionalities. The public interface acts as the contract between the class and its users, specifying what actions can be performed and what information can be accessed.
On the other hand, the implementation of a class refers to the actual code that defines how the class behaves and performs its functions. It includes all the private methods and variables that are used internally within the class to implement its functionalities. The implementation details are not visible or accessible to other classes or objects outside of the class.
To understand the difference between the public interface and implementation, let's consider an example of a class called "Car":
Public Interface:
- The public interface of the "Car" class might include methods like "startEngine()", "accelerate()", and "stop()". These methods define the actions that can be performed on a car object from other parts of the program.
- The public interface might also include variables like "color", "model", and "speed", which can be accessed to retrieve or modify the state of a car object.
Implementation:
- The implementation of the "Car" class would include the actual code that implements the behavior of the methods defined in the public interface. For example, the "startEngine()" method might include code to ignite the engine, the "accelerate()" method might update the speed variable, and the "stop()" method might bring the car to a halt.
- The implementation would also include private variables and methods that are used internally within the class. These private members are not visible or accessible from outside the class.
In summary, the public interface of a class defines how other parts of a program can interact with the class, while the implementation includes the actual code that defines the behavior of the class and its internal workings. The public interface acts as a contract between the class and its users, providing a clear set of methods and variables that can be used, while the implementation remains hidden and encapsulated within the class.
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i need help what is the answers
1) To expand their trade in Africa, the Indian Ocean, and India. 2)Earth was bigger around than he had calculated.
3) The Dutch East India Company had full sovereign powers unlike Portuguese traders. 4)They disdained European goods and culture.
Why did Ming China limit trade with European nations?After the destruction of the war that drove the Mongols from China in the early Ming, the Hongwu Emperor severely restricted trade. Hongwu preferred agriculture over all other industries, including those of merchants, because he thought it was the foundation of the economy.China receded into isolation after the seventh expedition, which took place in 1433. The 1500s showed how isolated it was. Only the government was allowed to undertake foreign trade, and only through the three coastal ports of Canton, Macao, and Ningbo, in order to minimise the influence of outsiders.The Chinese did not want Europeans to jeopardise the peace and wealth that the Ming, the new dynasty, had delivered them after driving out the Mongols. Chinese trade practises as a result showed isolation. Foreign trade was restricted to government activity.To learn more about Ming refer :
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What is an Ayatollah? A. a Christian priest B. a Shia religious leader C. the title of a local governor D. a leader of a Jewish congregation
Answer:
kaodvroaonrd qnwksheisnwoanwidyabslowvoxnw
mention three English Dutch and Portuguese settlements.
Portuguese
Vasco-de-Gama of Portugal arrived on the coast of India on 17 May 1498, after which the way to India came. Vasco de Gama was assisted by Gujarati businessman Abdul Majid. He obtained the right of trade from the king of Calicut, whose title 'Zamorin', but was opposed by the Arab traders established there for years. In 1499, Vasco-de-Gama returned home and only after he returned, people came to know about the sea route of India.
In 1500, the Portuguese built their kothi near Cochin (Kerala). He also arranged for the protection of Kothi from the ruler Samuri (Zamorin) as Arab traders were against him. After this, the Portuguese also built chambers in Calicut and Kannanore. By that time, Portuguese was the only European trading force in India. They simply had to face the opposition of the Arabs. In 1510, the Portuguese took over Goa and made it their administrative center. This incident did not like Jamorin and he turned against the Portuguese. D-Almora was the first viceroy of the Portuguese Indian territory. After that [Alphonso de Albuquerque] was appointed the Voice of Portuguese. He looted the palace of Jamorin, the ruler of Calicut in 1510.
Dutch
Seeing the prosperity of the Portuguese, the Dutch were also attracted to India and Sri Lanka. The first ship of the Dutch reached India via Africa and Java in 1598. The first Dutch East Company was established in 1602 to do business with India. By this time, the British and French had also reached India, but in terms of seafarers the Dutch were preferred to them. The Dutche gave more importance to the export of Indian clothing than the spice. In 1602, the Dutch defeated Amboyna and defeated the Portuguese. After this, in 1612, the Dutch also drove out the Portuguese in Sri Lanka. They also served as Masulipatrum (1605), Pulicat (1610), Surat (1616), Bimilipatrum (1641), Karikal (1653), Chinsura (1653), Qasim Bazar, Badanagar, Patna, Baleshwar (Orissa) (1658), Nagapattanam (1658) And established their cells in Cochin (1663). However, one of the main objectives of the Dutch was to establish a link to their trade in the countries of East Asia by not trading with India, and on the other, the British and the Franciscans defeated them in wars both here and in Europe. Due to this the dominion of the Dutch did not remain in India for a long time.
English
The seafarers of England could not find the address of India until 1578 AD. In 1578 an English sailor named Sir Francis Drake looted a ship going to Lisbon. He got a map of the route to India from this ship. On 31 December 1600, some merchants gave Queen Elizabeth of England the right to establish the East India Company. They got permission to trade with the countries of the East. During 1601-03, the company opened a kothi at Sumatra at a place called Vantam. An English sailor named William Hawkins reached Surat by a ship called Hector. On coming there, he went to Agra and requested to open one of his kothis in Jahangir's court. The Portuguese had already been in Jahangir's court. By that time, there was no Portuguese fight with the Mughals and the Portuguese remained friendly with the Mughals. William Hawkins had to return. The Portuguese were defeated by the British at the Battle of Javali (Surat) in 1611 and Sir Thomas Roe was sent to the court of Jahangir by James I, the ruler of England, as his ambassador. There he got permission to open the English Kothi in Surat.
After this, British cells were established in Balasore (Baleshwar), Hariharpur, Madras (1633), Hooghly (1651) and Bombay (1688). But the increasing presence of the British and the circulation of their coins displeased the Mughals. They were expelled from Hooghly, Kasim Bazar, Patna, Machilipatnam, Visakha Pattanam and Bombay. In 1690, the British apologized to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and were successful in getting permission to open new chambers and make fortifications by paying fine.
HELP ASAP
Which of the following choices is not evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics?
A. jigsaw puzzle-like fit of the continents
B. remnants of rock match on different continents
C. fossils found on different continents match
D. ancient cave drawing found in France
2. Geologists have long recognized that earthquakes are not randomly distributed on Earth but occur in concentrated areas that coincide with
A. Mountain ranges
B. plate boundaries
C. continental borders
D. areas of liquid magma
3. and provide evidence for the theory of
A. Fault zones
B. supercontinents
C. Sea floor spreading
D. Plate tectonics