what is the viral envelope, and what does the presence (or absence) of it tell you about the type of virus?
Answers
The envelope, which is derived from the host cell membrane, surrounds the viral capsid and serves as just an additional barrier to a external environment. The vast majority of animal viruses are enveloped, whereas the vast majority of viruses that infect plants or bacteria are not.
The viral genome is packaged in a protein coat known as the capsid in virus particles. For some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing viral proteins, which typically include proteins that allow the virus to bind to host cells. The virus envelope is a lipid and protein structure derived from the host cell membranes. Viral genetic material is contained within protein structures known as capsids.
Viruses are classified into two types: enveloped viruses, which have an outer lipid membrane, and nonenveloped viruses, which do not. The envelope, when present, contains viral proteins that mediate binding to host cells. When there is no envelope, the outer capsid proteins perform this function. Nonenveloped viruses, in general, are more stable and can survive in the environment for much longer. The method of viral entry and exit from host cells is determined by capsids and envelopes.
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Related Questions
PLS HURRY
Which organization informs hospitals, clinics, and other health care settings
about new asepsis techniques?
A. World Health Organization
B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
D. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Answers
Answer: It's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Explanation:
A molecule of coffee being attracted to another molecule of coffee is known as _________.
Answers
if someone can answer it without saying idk by november 2nd 2020 will be marked the brainliest! how does the nervous system work with the digestive system to make jump roping possible??please answer asap
Answers
___________________ homology includes amino acids and DNA sequencing, while homology includes features that are similar in their anatomy
Answers
Molecular homology includes amino acids and DNA sequencing, while anatomical homology includes features that are similar in their anatomy. Homology refers to the characteristic of having a common ancestry or evolutionary origin.
This characteristic can be found both at the anatomical and molecular levels. Homology is the phenomenon where different living organisms have a similar anatomical structure or molecular sequences due to their descent from a common ancestor. Homology is one of the fundamental concepts in evolutionary biology, and it's crucial to understand the evolutionary relationships between different organisms. Anatomical homology refers to the structural similarity between different species, which indicates that they share a common ancestor. Examples of anatomical homologies include the similar bone structure of the limbs in different species, such as human arms, bat wings, and whale fins. Molecular homology refers to the similarity between organisms' molecular sequences. Molecular homology includes amino acids and DNA sequencing,
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Chromatin can be altered in a number of ways, such as histone modification and DNA methylation. When are such alterations considered to be epigenetic
Answers
Epigenetic changes are those which do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. These are caused due to interaction of the genome with the environment.
When are alterations epigenetic?Epigenetic modifications or tags include DNA methylation and histone modification.These changes alter DNA accessibility and chromatin structure thus regulating gene expression.These are the reversible, heritable changes which do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence.These are necessary for the normal development of organisms.Stable, long-term epigenetic modifications involve DNA methylation.Flexible, short-term changes involve histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation.Learn more about epigenetic changes here:
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What is the flow of molecules in passive transport?
Answers
Answer:
The movement of molecules across a membrane without the input of energy is known as passive transport. When energy (ATP) is needed, the movement is known as active transport. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Explanation:
hope this helps :D
Answer:
hhggvfvgfxbvvg 343423bvvfftdx455dfdx565rbhfgfgy3geyr
Explanation:
_____ is a gene-linked abnormality in which the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration.
Answers
Answer:
Muscular dystrophy
Explanation:
refers to a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles used during voluntary movement.
how are rat mice gerbils hamsters guinea pigs and chinchillas similar?
Answers
Please help on question 3 thought it was b just need somebody to agree or find the answer
Answers
Answer:
i agree
Explanation:
b explains the problem the way its supposed to
One mitochondrial DNA problem is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). The problem involves mutations in __________ genes that result in the improper production of certain proteins used in th
Answers
Given what we know, we can confirm that the mutations for LHON occur in complex 1 genes, which affect the electron transport chain.
What we know about LHON mutations. They occur in complex 1 genes.This is a complex that participates in cellular respiration. The function of this complex is to oxidize NADH. This in turn affects the entire electron transport chain.Therefore, we can confirm that the mutations for LHON occur in complex 1 genes, which affect the electron transport chain.
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When potatoes are in the ground, do they swell with water when it rains? If not, how do you explain that, and if so, what would be the advantage or disadvantage? Do you think osmosis occurs when a cell is in an isotonic solution? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
Yes , when potatoes are in the ground, they swell with water when it rains.
Potatoes, like any other plant, need water to grow, so when it rains, the water soaks into the ground and the potatoes absorb the water via osmosis.
Osmosis is the process b which water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
In potatoes, this membrane is the cell wall. When rainwater enters the soil, it moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and it eventually makes its way into the cells of the potato plants.
This is advantageous because it helps the potatoes to grow larger and develop a better taste. However, if there is too much rain, the potatoes can become waterlogged, which can lead to disease and rotting
In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes outside the cell. This means that there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, so osmosis does not occur. Therefore, the cell remains the same size.
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lab: Using a compound microscope
Answers
What is the question exactly??
which of these actions are not usually associated with a loss of eukaryotic biodiversity?
Answers
Sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic farming, crop rotation, and agroforestry, are not usually associated with a loss of eukaryotic biodiversity.
Sustainable agriculture aims to minimize negative impacts on the environment while ensuring the long-term productivity and viability of agricultural systems. Unlike conventional agriculture, which relies heavily on chemical inputs and monoculture farming, sustainable agriculture promotes biodiversity and ecosystem health.
One of the key practices in sustainable agriculture is organic farming, which avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Instead, it emphasizes natural methods of pest control and nutrient management, such as crop rotation, companion planting, and the use of organic matter. These practices create a more favorable environment for a diverse range of organisms, including eukaryotes, such as insects, birds, and soil microorganisms, which play crucial roles in maintaining ecosystem balance and functioning.
Additionally, sustainable agriculture often involves crop rotation, which helps break the cycle of pests and diseases, improves soil fertility, and reduces the reliance on chemical inputs. By diversifying the crops grown in a particular area, farmers can create habitats that support a variety of eukaryotic species and contribute to overall biodiversity conservation.
Agroforestry is another sustainable agriculture practice that combines trees or shrubs with crops or livestock. This integration of woody plants and agricultural activities provides additional habitats for eukaryotic organisms, enhances biodiversity, and contributes to ecosystem resilience.
In conclusion, sustainable agriculture practices, such as organic farming, crop rotation, and agroforestry, promote eukaryotic biodiversity by minimizing negative impacts on the environment and creating habitats that support diverse species. By adopting these practices, we can mitigate the loss of eukaryotic biodiversity and work towards more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
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how does the dna polymerase that is synthesizing the lagging strand stay bound to its template dna strand and coordinate with the dna polymerase on the leading strand?
Answers
The dna polymerase that is synthesizing the lagging strand stay bound to its template dna strand and coordinate with the dna polymerase on the leading strand is DNA polymerase on the leading strand attaches to DNA polymerase on the trailing strand.
DNA replication is the process of doubling the DNA chain assisted by DNA polymerase before mitosis or meiosis I in the S phase of the cell cycle. The DNA is made of two strands and each strand of the parent cell acts as a template for the production of complementary strands.
The lagging strand is the synthesized DNA strand and is located in the 5'→3' direction at the replication fork. During the replication process, nucleotides will be added to the end of the sugar from the Okazaki fragment with the help of DNA ligase enzymes. In order for the lagging strand to remain attached to the template DNA strand, the DNA polymerase on the leading strand attaches to the DNA polymerase on the trailing strand.
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Observe the cell as it moves from stage to stage through cell division. What trends can you describe about the cell and its internal contents?
Answers
Answer:
The cell is going through a state of mitosis.
Explanation:
Note the spindle fibers moving apart and splitting the chromosomes.
Which cell would have the least amount of DNA
A skin cell.
Bsperm cell.
C liver cell
Or d brain cell
Plz help me
Answers
Answer:D
Explanation:
Sperm (gametes) are haploid, meaning they only have one copy of each chromosome. The rest of the cells in the body all have the same DNA. Each has 2 copies of each chromosome.
Which statement is accurate about the number of genes in different species of living things? Responses A. The more complex a living thing the fewer chromosomes it is likely to have. B. The more complex a living thing the more chromosomes it is likely to have. C. All living things have about the same number of genes. D. A mouse and a human have about the same number of genes.
Answers
A mouse and a human have about the same number of genes. The correct option is D.
Thus, there are roughly the same number of genes in mouse as humans. Although an organism's complexity might vary, complexity is not always correlated with the number of genes. The genetic make-up of an organism and the specialized tasks necessary for its growth and survival define the overall number of genes in its genome.
There is a high degree of genetic similarity between humans and mouse, and studies have suggested that both species contain between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. It's crucial to remember that variables other than the number of genes, such as gene regulation, interactions between genes, and the growth of specialized tissues and organs, affect how complex an organism is.
Thus, the ideal selection is option D.
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What is the source of embryos used for embryonic stem cell research? What would have been the outcome for these cells had they not been used for research? Why do some people consider this to be unethical while others do not?
Answers
A. Most embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in in vitro procedure- the joining of a woman's egg and a man's sperm in a laboratory dish.
B. These embryonic stem cells would become test-tube babies or be used for scientific testing.
C. Some people consider this to be unethical because they regard this as a form of abortion, and it is against certain religious and cultural views, as well as personal beliefs. While some people consider it NOT unethical because they do not refer to this as a human. Because it does not have psychological, emotional, and physical properties that can be associated with a "being a person".
which of the following is a primary reason for cancer cells developing in an organism?
Answers
The fundamental abnormality resulting in the development of cancerous the continual unregulated proliferation of cancer cells. Rather than responding appropriately to the signals that control normal cell behavior, cancer cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, invading normal tissues and organs and eventually spreading throughout the body.
Describe how a stream interacts with the sediment. Are sand grains or pebbles picked up first? Which is more easily Eroded (transported)?
Answers
Answer:
Most mineral sediment comes from erosion and weathering, while organic ... If the water flow is strong enough to pick up sediment particles, they will ... water system – in high flow areas, larger, gravel-sized sediment will settle out first. ... This loose soil is then easily carried into a nearby river or stream by rainfall and runoff
Explanation:
Marine Science
Use the graph to answer the following questions:
1. How many total seconds was the dolphin out of the water?
2. What are the values where f(t)=0f(t)=0 (also known as the x intercepts) and what do they mean in the context of the dolphin jumping?
3. How long did it take the dolphin to move from its lowest point to highest?
Answers
1. The amount of seconds that the dolphin was out of water is of: 14.
2. The x-intercepts represent the times for which the dolphin hit the water.
3. The time it took from the dolphin to move to it's lowest point to it's highest is of around 8 seconds.
How to interpret the graph?The graph is given by the height versus time, hence:
For positive heights, the dolphin was out of water.For negative heights, the dolphin was in the water.This means that the x-intercepts represent the times for which the dolphin hit the water.
Then the intervals in which the dolphin was out of water are of:
0 to 7 seconds.17 to 24 seconds.Hence around 7 + 7 = 14 seconds.
The lowest point and the highest point are given as follows:
Lowest: -50 feet at a time of 12 seconds.Highest: 22 feet at a time of 20 seconds.Hence the time was of:
20 - 12 = 8 seconds.
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Show your knowledge of photosynthesis by choosing the correct role of sunlight in the photosynthesis reaction.
Answers
Answer:
The sunlight's energy to change water and carbon dioxide into sugar glucose. Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch.
The process through which green plants produce their food is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires light, which chlorophyll absorbs.
What is Photosynthesis?During photosynthesis, oxygen and glucose are created as byproducts when carbon dioxide and water mix in the presence of solar light energy.
Plants use their leaves to capture light energy during photosynthesis. Water and carbon dioxide are converted by plants into a sugar called glucose using the power of the sun. Plants use glucose as a source of energy and to create other compounds like cellulose and starch.
According to the claims made, chlorophyll does not mix with water. The pigment chlorophyll in plants merely absorbs solar light energy, which is required for the process of photosynthesis.
Therefore, photosynthesis requires light, which chlorophyll absorbs.
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1. What are the independent and dependent variables in each of the experiments?
2. What information should be added to the diagram to give the reader a better understanding of how these experiments
were conducted?
3. What items should have been CONTROLLED in the experiments?
4. How much confidence would you have in the conclusion of experiment 3 if you found out that the temperature was not
controlled? Explain your reasoning.
5. Create your own flow chart to answer a causal question.
Answers
When possible, scientists take a look at their hypotheses through the use of managed experiments. A managed test is a systematic take look at executed below-managed conditions, which means that simply one (or a few) elements are modified at a time, even as all others are saved consistently. We'll appear carefully at managed experiments within side the subsequent section.
In the three experiments, the dependent variable is evaporation, as it changes with the change in another variable.The independent variable in experiment 1 is temperature, experiment 2 is airflow, and experiment 3 is light.
The experiment can be understood better with the representation of the schematic that shows the setup to analyze how the experiment was performed. Therefore the diagram must add the schematic of the experiment.The controlled items in the experiment are the variables that are set at the particular unit to form the result. the controlled item in experiment 1 is temperature, experiment 2 is airflow from the fan, and experiment 3 is the intensity of light.The result of experiment 3 is based on the dependence on the intensity of light keeping temperature constant and controlled. If the temperature is not controlled in the experiment then it may lead to an alteration in the results as it depends on both light and temperature.The flow chart for the increase in pressure affecting the evaporation is given in the image attached.Read more about variables :
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Identifying Correlation Which table shows negative correlation? A 2-column table with 5 rows. The first column is labeled x with entries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The second column is labeled y with entries 19, 12, 10, 17, 18. A 2-column table with 5 rows. The first column is labeled x with entries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The second column is labeled y with entries 25, 23, 15, 17, 12. A 2-column table with 5 rows. The first column is labeled x with entries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The second column is labeled y with entries 28, 20, 24, 22, 23.
Answers
Answer:
its b on edge 2023
Explanation:
After considering the given data we conclude that the second table portrays a negative correlation. Because the values in the first column increase, the values in the second column decrease. This projects a negative correlation between the two variables x and y.
The reason behind this is that the x-values increase, then, y-values decrease. More clearly, when x increases from 1 to 5 and y decreases from 25 to 12. A negative correlation is given by the downward trend concerning the scatterplot of data points, with a steeper slope projecting a stronger negative correlation.
For the given case, the negative correlation is moderate due to the data points don't form a perfectly straight line. A negative correlation is stated when one variable increases, and other decreases. As for the given case, y decreases as x increases, meaning these two variables are inversely related.
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Can anybody Help me find an analogy for how Chromosomes, genes, DNA can be related! ( take note that I can’t do the book one cuz my teacher already did it )
Answers
Match the abnormal urinary constituent with the possible cause: diabetes insipidus.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Glomerulonephritis, severe hypertension, heart failure, often an initial sign of renal disease
C. Due to lack of adh receptors in the collecting duct
D. As in starvation and untreated diabetes mellitus match the abnormal urinary constituent with the possible cause: hemoglobin
A. Various: transfusion reaction, hemolytic anemia, severe burns, etc
B. Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis) or obstruction of bile ducts form liver or gallbladder
C. Bleeding urinary tract (due to trauma, kidney stones, infection, or cancer)
D. Urinary tract infection
Answers
C. Due to lack of ADH receptors in the collecting duct
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by an abnormal urinary constituent related to the lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) receptors in the collecting duct. This condition causes the kidneys to be unable to properly concentrate urine, leading to excessive urination and increased thirst. The lack of ADH receptors in the collecting duct is the primary cause of this disorder, differentiating it from other urinary abnormalities like diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis, and hemoglobin-related issues.
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Which of the following represents the number of possible gametes produced from a genotype of RrBBCcDDEe? A. 2. B. 4. C. 8. D. 16. E. 32.
Answers
The number of possible gametes produced from a genotype can be calculated using the formula 2^n, where n is the number of different types of alleles present in the genotype. the correct answer is D - 16.
The given genotype RrBBCcDDEe, there are six different types of alleles, namely R, r, B, C, D, and E. Therefore, the number of possible gametes can be calculated as 2^6, which equals 64. However, we need to keep in mind that the genotype is diploid, meaning that there are two copies of each allele. Thus, before applying the formula, we need to determine the number of different types of alleles present in the genotype. This can be done by counting the number of unique alleles, which in this case is four - R, B, C, and D. Therefore, the number of possible gametes can be calculated as 2^4, which equals 16.
Therefore, the correct answer is D - 16.
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Gamma rays are formed on Earth by natural
radioactive decay, nuclear explosions, and _?_ in
thunderstorms.
Answers
Answer:
lightening
Explanation:
its lightening
place the steps of prokaryotic dna replication in order, from the bacterium initiating dna replication to dna‑replication termination.
Answers
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made up of two chains of polynucleotides that fold them a double helix around the shape.
The required details for Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in given paragraph
The replication phases are executed in the following order:
1. The only origin of replication is DNA bound to a protein.
2 . Upstream from the lower region and the helicase binds and unwinds the DNA.
3. RNA primers are added to provide a 3' end for extension.
4. At the 3' end, synthesis of the leading strand and short lagging strand is performed by DNA polymerase.
5. DNA replaces RNA and the lagging strand is spliced.
6. Tus protein disrupts the crossing of replication forks and completes synthesis.
Tus helps terminate DNA replication in prokaryotes. DNA protein is an initiator of replication, a factor , which favors DNA unfolding in oriC . DNA is sealed by DNA ligase and primases are used to synthesize RNA primers. DNA polymerase helps synthesize the front and back strands.
The polymer contains the genetic instructions for the development, function, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids.
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Species like fish and turtles have many predators. These species produce more offspring than will survive. Which of the following correctly addresses an advantage and disadvantage of the overproduction of offspring?
Species have an increased chance of survival and parents are able to care for the young.
Competition of resources in the environment is reduced and species have a decreased chance of survival.
Overproduction of one species can threaten another species and species can become resistant to medicine.
Populations of species have increased genetic variation and competition for resources in the environment is increased.
Answers
Answer:
D?? I hope this helps.
Explanation: