what is the definition of a cell, according to this passage?​

Answer:

Explanation:

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose molecule pyruvate molecules, and the energy released from the process are stored as ATP and NADH.

Glycolysis pathway produces energy that is required in for cell metabolic activity. 2 ATP is used up in the glycoysis pathway and 4 ATP is produced and 2 NADPH as output used as source of energy.

Nearly all organisms that break down glucose uses glycolysis. In some organisms, glycolysis is the only method used to produce energy.

Contaminated water is a type of water that is harmful to human beings due to the presence of harmful substances, pollutants, or impurities that make the water unsafe for drinking or other household uses. The characteristics of contaminated water can be identified through various indicators, which can either be physical, biological or chemical.

Physical indicators are visible and may include color, taste, and odor, while biological indicators are not visible and may include bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Chemical indicators may include heavy metals, pesticides, and organic compounds, among others.

Physical Characteristics: Physical characteristics of contaminated water include cloudy or turbid appearance, unusual taste or odor, or discoloration of the water. The color may range from yellow to brown, blue to green, or even black.

Biological Characteristics: Biological characteristics of contaminated water include the presence of bacteria, viruses, or protozoa. These microorganisms can cause diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, and dysentery.

Chemical Characteristics: Chemical characteristics of contaminated water include the presence of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, or cadmium. Pesticides and fertilizers can also contaminate water and affect human health. Organic compounds like benzene and toluene can also be present in contaminated water, which can lead to health problems such as cancer and nerve damage.

Therefore, it is important to test water sources regularly to identify and monitor any contaminants that may be present. This can help prevent health problems associated with the use of contaminated water.

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Here is a diagram showing the energy sources or forces that drive the processes in the diagram:

[Diagram of the water cycle with labels for solar energy, wind energy, tidal force, and gravitational force]

Solar energy is the ultimate source of energy for all of the processes in the water cycle. It heats the Earth's surface, which causes water to evaporate.

Wind energy is created by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface. The warm air rises, and the cooler air rushes in to take its place. This creates the wind, which can help to distribute evaporated water around the globe.

Tidal forces are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the Earth's oceans. The moon's gravity is stronger than the sun's, so it has a greater effect on the tides.

Gravitational force is the force that pulls objects towards each other. It is what keeps the Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around the Earth. It also pulls water down towards the Earth, which is why we have oceans.

All of these energy sources and forces work together to create the water cycle, which is essential for life on Earth.

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By using the context clues present in the image, we can conclude that the highlighted structures correspond with what we expect to observe when viewing merocrine sweat glands.

When viewing histological images, it is important to rely on context clues to properly identify the structures being viewed.

In the attached image we can observe:

Using information previously obtained we can conclude that the organ being viewed is skin, given that it is the only organ with all of the characteristics being viewed;

Once we have established the organ we are viewing and are aware of all the structures that may be present when viewing a sample of this organ, we can analyze which structure is being highlighted. In this case the highlighted structure is that of Merocrine sweat glands, which we can infer from their shape, color, and the excretion ducts originating from them.

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The layers of the Sun, labeled A, B, C, D, and E, correspond to the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, corona, and core, respectively.

A: The layer labeled A represents the photosphere, which is the visible surface of the Sun. It emits the majority of the Sun's light and is characterized by its granular appearance due to convective cells called granules.

B: Layer B corresponds to the chromosphere, a thin region located just above the photosphere. The chromosphere emits a reddish glow during solar eclipses and contains features like spicules and prominences.

C: The region marked as C represents the transition region, which lies between the chromosphere and the corona. It is a relatively narrow region where the temperature rapidly increases.

D: Layer D corresponds to the corona, the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere. It is composed of extremely hot ionized gas and is visible as a faint halo during a total solar eclipse. The corona extends millions of kilometers into space and has a temperature much higher than the Sun's surface.

E: The area labeled E represents the core, which is the innermost part of the Sun. The core is where nuclear fusion occurs, converting hydrogen into helium and releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of light and heat.

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Answer:

"The ice and water on the ground can affect incoming solar radiation by reflecting 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface." ... when the sun angle is high and water is liquid notice, there is less reflection that takes place."

The second membrane protects e.coli (Gram-negative bacteria) against a harsh environment.

The outer membrane indirectly helps stabilize the inner membrane as peptidoglycan layer in Gram-negative bacteria is relatively thin than gram positive bacteria ( they have multilayer pepdtidoglycan )

The second membrane called the outer membrane helps in stabilizing bacterial cells as peptidoglycan is thinner in E.coli cells.

A double membrane is present in gram-negative bacteria, and it provides both protection and nutrition for survival.

The outer of these membranes is known as the outer membrane (OM), and it comprises a variety of completely integrated membrane proteins that carry out a number of crucial cellular processes, including nutrition absorption, cell adhesion, cell signaling, and waste export.

Several of these outer membrane proteins (OMPs) for pathogenic strains also function as virulence factors for nutrition scavenging and evading host defense systems. OMPs are distinct from other membrane proteins in that they have a -barrel fold and can vary in size from 8 to 26 strands while still carrying out a wide range of cellular activities.

Although these OMPs play crucial roles in cell viability and pathogenicity, the precise mechanism behind their synthesis into the OM is still largely unclear.

However, during the past ten years, there has been a tremendous advancement in our understanding of the routes and processes that shape a nascent polypeptide into a functioning OMP within the OM.

Here, we will go through a few of these new discoveries that have improved our knowledge of how Gram-negative bacteria produce OMPs, from their production in the cytoplasm to their folding and insertion into the OM.

Therefore, the second membrane called the outer membrane helps in stabilizing bacterial cells as peptidoglycan is thinner in E.coli cells.

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Answer:

Here are four traits that would make it hard for a vaccine to be used:

1. Rapid mutation rate. If a pathogen mutates rapidly, it will be able to evade the immune system's defenses, including the antibodies produced by a vaccine. This is a particular problem with viruses, which can mutate very quickly.

2. Ability to evade the immune system. Some pathogens are able to evade the immune system by hiding inside cells or by changing their surface proteins so that they are no longer recognized by the immune system. This makes it difficult for the immune system to mount an effective response to the infection.

3. Ability to spread easily. If a pathogen is easily spread from person to person, it will be more difficult to prevent infection through vaccination. This is a particular problem with respiratory viruses, which can be spread through coughing and sneezing.

4. Lack of animal reservoirs. If a pathogen does not have animal reservoirs, it will be more difficult to develop a vaccine against it. This is because vaccines are typically developed using weakened or killed versions of the pathogen. If there are no animal reservoirs, there will be no source of the pathogen to use for vaccine development.

It is important to note that these are just a few of the traits that can make it difficult to develop a vaccine against a pathogen. There are many other factors that can contribute to the difficulty of vaccine development, such as the cost of vaccine development, the availability of funding, and the political will to support vaccine development.

the correct option is C. It has cold prevailing winds coming from the ocean that keep its temperature low.

Answer:

i think shaping of landform is the good effect of soil erosion

Given what we know, the three sentences in this question all describe the properties of oceanic crust.

Therefore, we can confirm that the sentences in the question describe oceanic crust given that this is the topmost crust during subduction, formed by the solidifying of magma, making it a much denser rock than the other forms of crust.

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When a rock transforms into another type of rock, the scale at which these changes are occurring is at the atomic level, which is option D.

Rocks are composed of minerals, which are made up of different combinations of atoms. During the process of rock transformation, such as through the geological processes of metamorphism or igneous activity, the arrangement and composition of the atoms within the minerals change. This leads to the formation of new minerals and the alteration of the rock's properties.

At the atomic level, the atoms within the minerals may rearrange themselves, forming new bonds and crystal structures.

This can result in changes in the physical characteristics of the rock, such as its texture, color, or mineral composition.

The transformation may involve the loss or gain of atoms, leading to changes in the overall chemical composition of the rock.

Therefore, the changes occurring when a rock transforms into another type of rock primarily occur at the atomic level, as the atoms within the minerals undergo reorganization and bonding to create a new rock with distinct properties.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made of two chains of nucleotides, each of the nucleotides is composed of a phosphate, a deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base.

Each chain of nucleotides is held together by covalent bonds between the sugar of a nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, while the two chains form a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base.

So, when ligase is connecting nucleotides together, is connecting sugar to phosphate (E is the right answer)

The conclusion that is best supported by these data is A: The coyote population is influenced by the available number of rabbits

This judgment is situated the remark that the state currents of animals and coyotes appear to be with the order reversed connected.

As the number of rabbits increases, skilled is a equivalent increase in the number of coyotes, and when the animal culture declines, the dog society likewise decreases. This connection implies that the availability of animals influences the culture action of coyotes.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

I think is B

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The enzymes of thermophilic bacteria cannot increase the rate of reactions much as at 70°C due they are naturally adapted to these conditions.

Thermophilic bacteria are microorganisms that evolved to live in extreme heat (temperature) conditions such as observed in geysers.

Thermophilic bacteria are also called extremophiles because they can survive in extreme environmental (temperature) conditions such as those found in volcanoes and it is believed that they are the first forms of life.

The thermophilic bacteria such as Thermus aquaticus contain enzymes that are stable to high temperatures and therefore can catalyze specific chemical reactions.

In conclusion, the enzymes of thermophilic bacteria cannot increase the rate of reactions much as at 70°C due they are naturally adapted to these conditions.

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Answer:

Cell X

Explanation:

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer:

11. Float

12. Bacteria

13. Polymer.

14. Hydrogen.

15. Water.

16. Climatic.

17. Prokaryotic.

18. Length.

19. Large.

20. Frequency.

Explanation:

11. Damaged seeds would float on top of water. This is because they are typically empty and as such lacking in any form of nutrient.

12. Cholera is caused by bacteria. This bacteria is scientifically called Vibrio cholerae.

13. Like synthetic fibre, plastic is also a polymer.

14. Metals react wih acids to produce hydrogen gas.

15. The Fire produced by oil cannot be controlled by water.

16. Migratory birds fly to far away places because of climatic changes.

17. Cell without well organised nucleus are called prokaryotic cells.

18. Time period of a pendulum depends on its length. Thus, the time period of a pendulum is directly proportional to its length i.e as its length increases, the time period also increase.

19. The size of pupil becomes larger when you see in dim light.

20. Shrillness of a sound is determined by the frequency of vibration.​ A shrill sound refers to a type of sound that is typically sharp, high pitched and as such has higher frequency.

Answer:

yes they can

Explanation:

they go through the same chemical process/breakdown of food to create energy

Answer: 1. C) increased water temperature upstream. 2. D) introduce new predators to an environment. brainliest??

Explanation:

The change that is an environmental effect of building dams is increased water temperature upstream, which is in Option C, and humans can increase the rate of endangered or extinct species by reducing environmental impacts, which is in Option A.

Human activities are the primary cause of species endangerment and extinction, so humans must take actions to reduce environmental impacts in order to increase the rate of endangered or extinct species, and by reducing hunting and poaching and restoring degraded ecosystems can help protect endangered species, and reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development can help mitigate the effects of climate change.

Hence, the effect of building dams is increased water temperature upstream, which is Option C, and humans can increase the rate of endangered or extinct species by reducing environmental impacts, which is Option A.

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Answer: Global Climate Change. comes from precipitation. Too little precipitation can result in dry soil, shallow streams, and shortages of municipal water supplies. However, too much precipitation can also have a negative impact on human activities, business and industry, agriculture, and the environment. As moist air is forced up the windward slope it expands and cools, eventually causing water droplets to condense when the air is saturated. These droplets form clouds and grow to produce rain or snow that typically falls out on the windward side of the range. ... As air approaches the topography, it slows down.

Explanation:

Precipitation affects the topology of the earth positively and negatively ( excess precipitation leads to soil erosion while moderate precipitation repairs broken/dry soil surfaces making it fertile )

Precipitation has a positive and negative effect on the topology of the earth because excessive precipitation like heavy rainfall causes flooding and the heavy movement of flood water, washes away the surface soil ( erosion ) which affects the topology of the earth negatively.   while

Moderate precipitation repairs dry and broken soil surfaces making the topology of the earth fertile, supporting the growth of plants and inhabitation of animals .

Hence we can conclude that precipitation affects the topology of the earth positively and negatively.

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Answer:

Mammalia is the class of Whale.

The ratio between 92 mL and 3.0 fl oz is 46 : 44, or it can be further simplified to 23 : 22.

To find the ratio between 92 mL and 3.0 fl oz, we need to convert the units to a common measurement. Let's convert 3.0 fl oz to milliliters (mL).

1 fluid ounce (fl oz) is equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters (mL).

Therefore, 3.0 fl oz is equal to 3.0 * 29.5735 = 88.72 mL (rounded to two decimal places).

Now we can express the ratio between 92 mL and 88.72 mL:

92 mL : 88.72 mL

Simplifying the ratio by dividing both sides by the greatest common divisor, we get:

46 : 44

So, the ratio between 92 mL and 3.0 fl oz is 46 : 44, or it can be further simplified to 23 : 22.

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If the protein-coding region in the mRNA is 321 nucleotides long, the number of amino acids encoded for within that coding region would be: 321 nucleotides / 3 nucleotides per codon = 107 amino acids.

Therefore, the answer is 107.

In order to understand how many amino acids are encoded for within a protein-coding region of mRNA, it is important to first understand the genetic code. The genetic code is a set of rules that specify the correspondence between the nucleotide sequence of mRNA and the amino acid sequence of a protein. The genetic code is universal, meaning that it is the same in all living organisms.

Each amino acid is represented by one or more codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides. There are 64 possible codons, but only 20 amino acids are used in protein synthesis. This means that some amino acids are represented by more than one codon. For example, the amino acid leucine is represented by six different codons (UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG).

In order to determine the number of amino acids encoded for within a protein-coding region of mRNA, we simply count the number of codons in that region and divide by 3. This is because each codon represents one amino acid. If the length of the coding region in nucleotides is not evenly divisible by 3, the final incomplete codon is ignored.

It is important to note that this calculation assumes that there are no introns in the mRNA sequence. Introns are non-coding regions that are transcribed from DNA but are removed from the pre-mRNA during processing. If there are introns in the mRNA sequence, the coding region must be identified and isolated before the calculation can be performed.

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Answer:

It like interacts both with other genes and the environment. Some genes may dominate and prevent others from being expressed. In other cases, certain biological influences might impact genetic expression. An example of biological influence over gene expression is a child not getting proper nutrition.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during cardiogenic shock.

Cardiogenic is form of pulmonary edema or pressure that induced  the production of a non-inflammatory type of edema .During cardiogenic shock oxygen-rich blood reaching the brain and other vital organs, your blood pressure drops, and your pulse slows.

Cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema are life-threatening conditions that should be treated as medical emergencies. The most effected areas left ventricles (LV) dysfunction that leads to pulmonary congestion and systemic hypoperfusion.

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Answer:

Mushrooms are classified under the categories of "Genus" and "Species" in taxonomy. The genus refers to a group or category that includes closely related species, while the species represents a specific type or kind of organism. So, the correct options for mushrooms would be "i. Genus" and "iv. Species."

Answer:

b?

Explanation:

Answer:

NOPE, NO AnSwEr HeRe

If YoU CaN SeE ThIs, I WaS TEsTingIt OUt, BEcaUSe Of LaG