what is photosynthesis?????​

In gymnosperms, the male and female gametophyte structures are located on distinct male and female cones, whereas in angiosperms, they are a component of the flower.

The woody framework of the female pine cone protects the seeds. They protect their seeds so that they could be fertilized and flourish. There are two seeds on each fertile scale of the many spirally organized scales that make up a female pine cone. Pollen, a fine powder produced by male pine cones

Microsporangiate, or male strobili, and megasporangiate, or female strobili, respectively, are the male and female reproductive organs. On various branches of the same plant, it has male and female cones, or strobili. On the tree's higher branches are female cones, while its lower branches are home to male cone.

To know more about  male and female reproductive  visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/4420156

#SPJ9

To understand what it means you should find the paragraph where this word is "solar energy". This is the energy that plant absorb. Solar means from sun

The genetic code is nearly identical in all forms of life, with the exception of a few minor variations in some bacteria like Mycoplasma and lineages descended from bacteria like mammalian mitochondria.

The genetic code, which is the arrangement of nucleotides in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that determines the order of amino acids in proteins. Proteins are not directly derived from DNA, despite the fact that the linear nucleotide sequence in DNA contains the data for protein sequences.

Nearly everyone has access to the genetic code. The genetic code of every living thing on Earth, with a few minor exceptions, is the same.

To know more about genetic code visit:

https://brainly.com/question/21083358

#SPJ4

Answer:

neptune

Explanation:

Answer:

melting point = the temp at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

thermal conductivity = it is the property of the material to conduct heat

density = the amount of matter in a given volume

magnetic property = it is a force between 2 magnets or between a magnet and something made of iron

solubility = the ability to dissolve in another substance

boiling point = the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

electrical conductivity = a materials ability to conduct an electric current

A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells.

Fungi have cell wall , which is made up of chitin.

A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells. It can be tough, flexible, and rigid at times. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, as well as acting as a filtering mechanism.

The main functions are cell wall is to provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell.  It maintains the shape of the cell, protect it from burst out, provide protection against pathogens and regulates intercellular transport .



Protoplast is a living protoplasm of a living plant  or bacterial cell wall has been removed, mycoplasma is  Bacteria who lacks cell wall, animal cells also lack cell wall only Fungi have cell wall which made up of chitin.

To learn more about Cell wall refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/1261179

#SPJ4

Answer:

1. D

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. D

8. A

9. E

10. C

Explanation:

The process of cellular respiration, which generally involves the synthesis of energy from carbohydrate molecule (glucose), occurs in four major steps in eukaryotic cells. These steps are glycolysis, kreb cycle, bridge or intermediate step and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain).

The features of each step is highlighted below:

GLYCOLYSIS: This is the first stage if cellular respiration in which Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate). It can occur without oxygen in the system and it uses 2 ATP molecules to start the process.

INTERMEDIATE STAGE: This stage is also called bridge or transition reaction. It does not produce any ATP molecule but only prepares the reaction for aerobic respiration in the mitochondria by turning Pyruvate molecule into acetyl CoA.

KREB'S CYCLE: This is the third step in the process. AcetylcoA undergoes series of chemical processes to release 4 carbon dioxide molecules and generates FADH2 and NADH electron carriers. It takes two cycles to process two glucose molecules that is used in the respiration process.

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: In this stage, approximately 34 ATP molecules are produced in the mitochondria using enzyme called ATP synthase, which catalyse the conversion of ADP to ATP.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: This type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. In animal cells, lactic acid/lactate is produced and stored in the muscle as an end product

During meiosis 1, the homologous chromosomes of sister chromatids function as a unit, attaching to the same microtubule.

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are produced during DNA replication, and they remain attached to each other at the centromere until they separate during cell division. In meiosis 1, homologous chromosomes pair up and form a tetrad, which consists of four chromatids. The homologous chromosomes then undergo crossing-over, where segments of DNA are exchanged between the chromatids. This results in genetic diversity in the daughter cells. The homologous chromosomes then separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers attached to the microtubules.

To learn more about chromatids click here https://brainly.com/question/30667218

#SPJ11

Answer:

Gene flow is the process of alleles going from one population to another while genetic drift is the alteration of allele frequency in a gene pool. The cause of gene flow is migration or geographical isolation while that of genetic drift is random sampling with two mechanisms

Explanation:

Answer:

Interphase

Explanation:

Answer:

increase in the resistance of a blood vessel

Explanation:

if there's more resistance then it's decreasing. like friction

The best cross to find out if the purple-flowered peas are homozygous is a monohybrid cross. In a monohybrid cross, the scientist would cross the purple-flowered pea plant with another pea plant that has a different flower color (such as white), and observe the phenotype (observable characteristics) of the offspring.

If the purple-flowered pea plant is homozygous for the purple flower color (PP), all of the offspring will also have purple flowers. However, if the purple-flowered pea plant is heterozygous (Pp) for the purple flower color, some of the offspring will have white flowers. This is because the offspring will inherit one allele (version) of the gene for flower color from each parent. If the purple-flowered parent is homozygous, it will pass on a purple allele in each case; if it is heterozygous, it will pass on either a purple or white allele.

By observing the flower color of the offspring, the scientist can determine whether the parent plant is homozygous or heterozygous for the purple flower color allele. If all the offspring have purple flowers, the parent plant is homozygous. If some of the offspring have white flowers, the parent plant is heterozygous.

Answer:

As we know, purple flowered peas plants are a dominate traits.

The purple flowered pea plants that the scientist has might be heterozygous(Pp) or homozygous (PP).

The best cross to find out what alleles those purple flowered peas are carrying, is to cross it with heterozygous purple flowered pea plant...

we have:

Heterozygous purple-flowered peas crossed with unknown alleles for purple-flowered peas.

Now, we have two options

Results will be :

3=purple-flowered peas

1= white- flowered peas

(75% purple and 25% white)

Results will be :

4 = purple-flowered peas

(100% purple)

Now,

If all the results were purple-flowered peas then the plants she has are homozygous

And if some of the results were white-flowered peas then the plants she has are heterozygous

The population after 40 years will be 400,000 animals, and the population after 65 years will be approximately 336,000 animals.

To determine the population after a certain time period, we can use the formula for exponential decay;

N(t) = N0 × \((1/2)^{(t/T)}\)

Where;

N(t) is the population at time t

N0 is the initial population

t is the time elapsed

T is the half-life of the population

Given;

N0 = 1.6 million

T = 20 years

Let's calculate the population after 40 years;

N(40) = 1.6 million × \(1/2^{(65/20)}\)

= 1.6 million × (1/2)²

= 1.6 million × (1/4)

= 400,000

Therefore, the population after 40 years will be 400,000 animals.

Now, let's calculate the population after 65 years;

N(65) = 1.6 million × \((1/2)^{(65/20)}\)

= 1.6 million × \((1/2)^{(13/4)}\)

≈ 1.6 million × 0.210

≈ 336,000

Therefore, the population after 65 years will be approximately 336,000 animals.

To know more about population here

https://brainly.com/question/15889243

#SPJ4

The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is produced by GABAergic neurons and is responsible for inhibiting the activity of other neurons.

It works by binding to GABA receptors, which are ionotropic or metabotropic, causing the influx of chloride ions into the neuron and hyperpolarization of the membrane potential, making it less likely for the neuron to fire. GABA plays a crucial role in regulating many functions in the CNS, such as motor control, cognition, and emotional responses. Dysfunction of the GABA system has been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.

The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability by decreasing the likelihood of nerve cell firing. This inhibitory function helps maintain the balance between excitation and inhibition, which is essential for proper brain functioning and preventing conditions such as seizures, anxiety, and other neurological disorders. In summary, GABA is considered the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, playing a vital role in maintaining neuronal stability and balance.

To know about neurotransmitter:

https://brainly.com/question/28101943

#SPJ11

The example of sensitization from the given alternatives is that 'A dog was hit by his previous owner, and now the dog cowers each time his new owner reaches out to pet him.'

Sensitization refers to the process in which an organism becomes more sensitive to stimuli, both good and bad. It happens when the body's nervous system becomes oversensitized to a particular stimulus that it begins to respond even to weaker or non-threatening stimuli.

The example given in the first option refers to a simple reflex action that occurs in response to the puff of air that is blown into the eyes during the eye examination. The third option is about sensory adaptation, which occurs when sensory receptors are exposed to stimuli for an extended period, resulting in a reduction in sensitivity. The fourth option refers to the fight or flight response that occurs as a result of a threatening stimulus, in which an individual's body prepares to confront or flee from danger.

Learn more about Sensitization here: https://brainly.com/question/30793640

#SPJ11

C. Serratus anterior The serratus anterior muscle has a portion of its origin located on the ribs.

It originates from the upper eight or nine ribs and inserts into the scapula. This muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the scapula and is responsible for protraction (forward movement) and upward rotation of the scapula. The other muscles listed, including the trapezius, rhomboids, and levator scapulae, do not have origins on the ribs. The trapezius originates from the skull and vertebral column, the rhomboids originate from the vertebral column, and the levator scapulae originates from the cervical vertebrae.

Learn more about  Serratus anterior here:

https://brainly.com/question/31750749

#SPJ11

Answer:

answer is 2,3,4 on edge

Explanation:

took the test

Answer:

2,3,4

Explanation:

edge 2020 warm-up

The term that refers to broadening of a light pulse as it propagates through a fiber strand is Dispersion. Dispersion is the phenomenon where different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds in a medium, causing a broadening of the pulse. This can be minimized through the use of specialized fibers and pulse shaping techniques.

Dispersion in the same sense can apply to any type of wave motion, including acoustic dispersion in the case of sound and seismic waves as well as in gravity waves (ocean waves), despite the fact that the term is most commonly used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic waves. Dispersion is a characteristic of optical signals, such as light pulses in optical fibre or microwaves travelling along transmission lines.

To know more about Dispersion click here:

https://brainly.com/question/14333803

#SPJ11

The condition of stones found in the gallbladder is known as gallstones. Gallstones are solid deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver.

The gallbladder plays a role in storing and releasing bile, a substance produced by the liver that aids in the digestion of fats. Gallstones typically consist of hardened cholesterol or bilirubin, a pigment derived from the breakdown of red blood cells.

The formation of gallstones can occur due to various factors, including an imbalance in the components of bile, such as excess cholesterol or bilirubin, as well as reduced gallbladder emptying.

Gallstones may vary in size and number, ranging from tiny particles to larger stones that can cause blockages in the bile ducts, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and jaundice.

Treatment for gallstones may involve managing symptoms with pain medications, making dietary changes, or in severe cases, surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options for gallstones.

To know more about gallbladder refer here

brainly.com/question/14309457#

#SPJ11

All of the mentioned characteristics (made of cartilage, larger surface area to distribute load, and shock absorption) are true about the menisci in the knee joint, making option D correct.

The menisci in the knee joint are essential components that provide multiple functions. They are made of cartilage, specifically fibrocartilage, which offers a flexible and resilient structure. This cartilage is a crucial element in the knee joint, as it allows the bones to move smoothly and effectively while preventing friction between them.

Furthermore, the menisci have a larger surface area to distribute load within the joint. This distribution reduces the pressure on any single point, promoting joint stability and preventing excessive stress on the surrounding tissues and structures. By doing so, the menisci play a crucial role in maintaining the overall health of the knee joint.

Lastly, the menisci also serve as shock absorbers within the knee joint. When participating in activities such as walking, running, or jumping, the forces generated can place considerable strain on the joint. The menisci help to absorb these forces, minimizing the potential for injury and ensuring the knee's continued function.
Thus, the correct option is D.

To know more about knee joint, refer to the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/30640352#

#SPJ11

Answer:

The melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) are located in the stratum Basale.

Explanation:

I'm not sure but it could be Genes, Gene Expression or Genetic Engineering

The structures that make up the endomembrane system are grouped together because they the pieces of these membranes are in continuity with each other.

The endomembrane system is made up of the nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosome, the majority of vacuoles and vesicles, and plasma membrane. They are combined because portions of their individual membranes are either continuous with one another or merge with one another due to vesicular flow.

The endomembrane system corresponds to a system of membranes. The plasma membrane is included in the endomembrane system even though it isn't strictly a part of the cell because, as you'll see, it interacts with the other endomembranous organelles. The membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are not included in this system.  

To know more about endomembrane system, refer:

https://brainly.com/question/28244042

#SPJ4

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are locations where one DNA molecule varies from another by a single nucleotide. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are DNA molecules that differ in length due to small changes.

In analyzing sickle-cell alleles, both single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were utilized. Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited disorder that affects the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells, which transport oxygen throughout the body. This disease affects both the genetic and protein levels of the body.A mutation in the beta-globin gene, which is located on chromosome 11, causes sickle-cell anemia. This mutation causes the substitution of a single nucleotide in the gene's DNA, changing the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the beta-globin protein. A restriction enzyme called Mst II can be used to detect the mutation that causes sickle-cell anemia. The Mst II restriction enzyme cuts the DNA at specific locations, but it cannot do so if the substitution occurs. As a result, the DNA of people with sickle-cell anemia would have a longer restriction fragment length polymorphism than that of people who do not have the condition.

To know more about polymorphisms visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29887426

#SPJ11

Triglycerides belong to the class of simple lipids. They are the most common type of dietary fat found in both animal and plant sources, option B is correct.

Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. They serve as a major energy storage form in the body, providing more than twice the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Triglycerides are essential for various physiological functions, including insulation and protection of organs, hormone production, and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

While steroids, phospholipids, and waxes are also lipid molecules, they belong to different classes and have distinct structures and functions. Furans are not lipids; they are a class of organic compounds with different chemical structures and properties, option B is correct.

To learn more about triglycerides follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/13840067

#SPJ4

Answer:

.95 degrees F

Explanation:

I took the quiz

Answer:

I believe the answer is vitamins or fats.

Explanation:

Fish is very good for you! It comes with all sorts of nutrients. There is vitamin D and B2 as well as Omega-3 fatty acids in fish. (There are a lot of other stuff it has but i believe those are the big ones)

That is why i would say it is either fats, or vitamins.

Hope this helps.

Griffith performed experiments that demonstrated the process of bacterial transformation. In these experiments, Griffith used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria: the virulent (disease-causing) S strain and the non-virulent (harmless) R strain.

The key steps of Griffith's experiments are:

Griffith injected mice with live S strain bacteria, which resulted in the mice developing pneumonia and dying.
Griffith injected mice with live R strain bacteria, and the mice remained healthy and survived.
Griffith then heat-killed the S strain bacteria, destroying their ability to cause disease, and injected the dead bacteria into the mice. The mice survived, showing that the heat-killed S strain was no longer harmful.

Finally, Griffith mixed heat-killed S strain bacteria with live R strain bacteria and injected this mixture into the mice. Surprisingly, the mice developed pneumonia and died.

Griffith's experiments demonstrated that some genetic material from the heat-killed S strain bacteria was transferred to the live R strain bacteria, transforming the R strain into virulent bacteria. This process, known as transformation, is an important concept in the field of genetics and was a significant step towards understanding DNA as the genetic material.

Learn more about S strain bacteria

brainly.com/question/30188283

#SPJ11