what is muscle atrophy? loss of muscle size and strength muscle cramps arising from insufficient warm-up muscle spasms resulting from too-rapid progressive overloading alterations in heart muscle contractions when first initiating a fitness program
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Muscle atrophy is a condition in which there is loss of muscle size and strength muscle.
When muscles deteriorate, this is called atrophy. Usually, a lack of physical activity is the culprit. Symptoms of muscle atrophy include balance issues, lack of muscle coordination, weakness in the face, tingling in the arms and legs, visual issues, weariness, and more. Some people who have this illness also struggle with speaking and swallowing.
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Related Questions
Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n): A) dynamic steady state. B) equilibrium state. C) exergonic change.D) free-energy change. E) waste of energy
Answers
Option A is correct. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n) dynamic steady state.
Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it across the body. In humans, a process of ongoing synthesis and breakdown keeps the amount of hemoglobin in the blood at a level that is essentially constant.
This procedure is an illustration of a dynamic steady state, in which the rates of synthesis and degradation are balanced to maintain a constant level of hemoglobin in the blood.
This is critical for meeting the body's metabolic needs as well as for maintaining the blood's ability to carry oxygen. A situation when the rates of the forward and reverse processes in a chemical reaction are equal is referred to as an equilibrium state.
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The _____________ is the membranous cap at the head of the sperm that contains digestive enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida.
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The correct answer is Acrosome.
The Acrosome is the membranous cap at the head of the sperm that contains digestive enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida.
The Acrosome is an organelle that develops over the front half of the head of many animals, including humans, in the spermatozoa (sperm cells). This is a cap-like structure produced from the Golgi apparatus. In placentalian mammals, the Acrosome include degradative enzymes.To read more about Acrosome, visit:
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Help me please please please give you a reasoning while you picked it. only 3
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Under anaerobic conditions, such as intense exercise, pyruvate is converted to ____________ . This 3-carbon molecule travels through the blood to the liver, where it can be converted to glucose by the ____________ cycle.
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is converted to ____________ . This 2-carbon molecule goes on to participate in a series of oxidative reactions called the ____________ cycle.
Options:
acetyl CoA
citric acid
ATP
lactate
glucose
Cori
Answers
Answer:
Under anaerobic conditions, such as intense exercise, pyruvate is converted to lactate. This 3-carbon molecule travels through the blood to the liver, where it can be converted to glucose by the cori cycle.
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyle CoA . This 2-carbon molecule goes on to participate in a series of oxidative reactions called the Citric acid cycle.
Explanation:
In the question ,among the given 6 options ,the simplest way to find the answer can be ,to find either the option is aerobic (presence of free oxygen ) or anaerobic (lack of free oxygen). Among the options , glucose is an incorrect option as it is a carbohydrate and used in respiration process .In aerobic process ,the glucose can be break down but in anaerobic ,it can only be used.
Other option is ATP- ATP is the energy source of the cell and used for storing energy or reactions of the cell,thus this option do not belong to the given question.
thus its clear the rest four options are the answer .
among four two options belong to aerobic and the rest two are anaerobic.
Under anaerobic conditions-
The pyruvate is converted into lactate because under the absence of oxygen only the NAD+ can be regenerated, thus further can allow glycolysis.
The cori cycle is also called lactic acidic cycle, thus this cycle is a metabollic pathway produced by anaerobic glycolysis (which takes place by regeneration of NAD+)transporting the molecules from blood to liver and further converting to glucose
Under aerobic conditions,-
The pyruvate is converted into Acetyle CoA so as to further produce citric acid and then citric acidic cycle. Thus Acetyle CoA forms more ATP which help in the regeneration of NAD+ and production of citric acid cycle takes place.
HENCE , The correct options are - lactate cori acetyle CoA citric acid.
How does potential energy transfer to kinetic energy?
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Answer:
An object has potential energy (stored energy) when it is not in motion. Once a force has been applied or it begins to move the potential energy changes to kinetic energy (energy of motion). Hope this Helps :)
Explanation:
A ball held in the air, for example, has gravitational potential energy. If released, as the ball moves faster and faster toward the ground, the force of gravity will transfer the potential energy to kinetic energy. The higher the ball, the more gravitational potential energy -- it will fall longer and faster as it accelerates toward the earth
Potential energy is the energy that an object has at the starting height and kinetic energy is the energy it has released
What do mitochondria do in healthy cells, and ny had defective mitochondria caused
David to lose his vision?
Answers
Muscle weakness, intolerance to exercise, decreased hearing and vision, ataxia, seizures, learning difficulties, heart problems, diabetes, and poor growth are the hallmark signs of mitochondrial myopathy.
What will happen if have a defective mitochondria?Defects in mitochondria, the body's energy producers that may be found inside practically all cells, are the root cause of mitochondrial disorders. mitochondrial myopathies are mitochondrial diseases that create noticeable muscular issues, while mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are mitochondrial disorders that cause noticeable muscular and neurological abnormalities.Several of the syndromes linked to mitochondrial disease include Barth syndrome, Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Leigh syndrome, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes , Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, Lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy, Myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers, Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa , Pearson syndrome.The mtDNA mutation that causes NARP also causes MILS, and the two disorders can coexist in the same family. NARP can cause developmental delay, seizures, and dementia in addition to the primary symptoms for which it is called.To learn more about mitochondria refer :
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________ is viewed as a major cause of aneuploidy. colchicine treatment nondisjunction segmental deletions x-ray mutations heat treatment.
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Nondisjunction is viewed as a major cause of aneuploidy.
Nondisjunction is a major cause of aneuploidy, which can lead to serious health problems. This occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during cell division, resulting in cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes..
Aneuploidy is a major cause of birth defects and intellectual disability, and can also cause miscarriages. Nondisjunction is responsible for 95% of Down syndrome cases, and can also cause Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome.
There are a number of factors that can increase the risk of nondisjunction, including advanced maternal age, certain genetic disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. However, in many cases, the cause is unknown.
If you are pregnant and have a family history of aneuploidy, you may want to speak to your doctor about genetic counseling and testing.
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How do you elaborate on the term basic nature patterns, reference to the genetic diversity that naturally occurs in nature through recombining genes allowing mutations to happen and allowing for natural selection vs transgenesis?
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Natural patterns observed in nature are due to a slow process of natural selection, which requires genetic diversity as a prerequisite, while transgenesis may jump adaptive barriers.
What is genetic diversity?Genetic diversity makes reference to the whole pool of genetic variants (alleles) present in natural populations.
Genetic diversity is a prerequisite for the emergence of evolutionary adaptive strategies selected by natural selection, conversely to transgenesis, a method of human selection.
In conclusion, natural patterns observed in nature are due to a slow process of natural selection, which requires genetic diversity as a prerequisite, while transgenesis may jump adaptive barriers.
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traits that have a range of phenotypic expressions and show a continuum of variation are called: a. co-dominant b. polymorphic c. sex-linked d. polygenic
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Traits that show different phenotypic expressions and show continuous variation are called polygenic traits.
Polygenic inheritance produces a continuum (spectrum) of variable phenotypes. Polygenic traits are traits that are based on more than one gene. Continuous variation characterize traits in which phenotypes occur on a continuum rather than a defined number of possible phenotypes.
A phenotypic trait, which is the expression of a gene in an detectable way, is a distinct and measurable trait. Phenotypes are variable according to the genetic makeup of an organism and are also altered by the environment to which the organism is exposed during morphogenesis, including distinct epigenetic processes.
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malaria is caused by: a. bites from infected mosquitoes. c. drinking bad water. b. a genetic mutation. d. eating spoiled food.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
people typically come down with malaria after getting bitten by a female Anopheles mosquito
State the term given to something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes.
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Limiting Factor is the term given to something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes.
Any element (variable) in the environment that has the potential to restrict a process, such as the expansion, abundance, or dispersion of a population of species in an ecosystem, is referred to as a limiting factor. There are both density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors.
Limiting factors can also be single-limiting, which means that only one component restricts the system. When an element has an indirect restricting impact or amplifies the influence of a direct limiting factor, it is referred to as a co-limiting factor.
Food, nutrition, shelter, and mates are a few examples of limiting factors that could affect the growth of a population. Due to their environmental scarcity, these resources might encourage competition among living creatures.
Different limiting factors have an impact on the environment. There are five of them: keystone species, predators, energy, space, and food supply.
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Sulfonamides:A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycanB) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesisC) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesisD) damage cell membranesE) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules
Answers
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
sulfonamides inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesize enzyme( Dihydropteroate) which is responsible the activation (PABA) for synthesis of folic acid
List 4 stages of making setimentary rocks
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Answer:
weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation.
If the process shown is meiosis, we would expect cells A, B, C, and D to have how many chromosomes
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Daughter cells in meiosis usually have half the number of chromosomes of their parents.
Chromosome number in meiosisMeiosis is called reductional division for a reason. It is because the number of chromosomes of the parent cell is usually halved in the daughter cells.
For example, if a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis to produce four daughter cells. Each of the daughter cells will have 23 chromosomes.
This is unlike mitosis in which daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
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Develop a project plan, clearly indicating the project scope, deliverables, flow of deliverables, project. activities, Work Break Structure (WBS), the schedule, quality criteria, and expected risks. (50Marks) Project: Conference - You are required to organize and run a conference for 100 delegates. - The date and subject matter are set. - The focus of the conference is to bring members of Project Management profession up to date on recent procedures and standards and to developments in professional allow for networking between fellow members. Task 2 A farmer has been allocated 100 hectares of an arable land in Otavi. The farmer is not sure whether to grow vegetables or to produce livestock feed on the plot. He then approaches you for advice as to which option will maximize his benefits from an efficiency point of view. Prepare a detailed Project plan for each of the two options. (50Marks) 2. Use the Cost-Benefit Analysis Method to compare which option will bring more economic benefits. 3. What other factors would you consider in making final recommendations? 4. Use Chapters in the prescribed textbook and any other resources to guide you in the assignment. NB: Students are expected to have read Chapters in the prescribed textbook and apply the Cost-Benefit analysis method to the given project.
Answers
1. Organize and run a conference for 100 delegates in order to update project management professionals on recent procedures and standards and facilitate networking opportunities. 2. Successful execution of the conference, updated procedures and standards material, networking opportunities. 3. Pre-conference planning, venue setup, registration, keynote speeches, breakout sessions, networking activities, post-conference evaluation. 4. Project Activities: Venue selection, budgeting, speaker invitations, program development, marketing and promotion, logistics management, registration process, on-site coordination.
Task 1: Organizing a Conference
1. Project Scope:
Organize and run a conference for 100 delegates.Date and subject matter are already set.Focus on updating project management professionals on recent procedures, standards, and developments in the profession.Provide networking opportunities for conference attendees.2. Deliverables:
Successfully organized conference event.Well-informed and engaged conference attendees.Networking opportunities for project management professionals.3. Flow of Deliverables:
Pre-conference planning and preparationConference event executionPost-conference follow-up and evaluation4. Project Activities:
Venue selection and bookingDeveloping a conference program/agendaIdentifying and inviting relevant speakers/presentersManaging registrations and attendee communicationsOrganizing logistics (catering, audiovisual equipment, signage, etc.)Coordinating networking activitiesConducting post-conference evaluation and feedback collection5. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):
Each project activity should be broken down into smaller, manageable tasks to create a comprehensive WBS.6. Schedule:
Create a timeline outlining the start and end dates of each project activity, including dependencies and milestones.7. Quality Criteria:
Define specific quality standards for each deliverable, such as the professionalism of speakers, attendee satisfaction, smooth event logistics, and effective networking opportunities.8. Expected Risks:
Identify potential risks and develop a risk management plan, including strategies to mitigate, transfer, or accept risks associated with the conference. Risks could include budget overruns, speaker cancellations, technical failures, or low attendance.Task 2: Farmer's Land Allocation
1. Project Options:
Option 1: Growing vegetables on the plot.Option 2: Producing livestock feed on the plot.2. Cost-Benefit Analysis:
Conduct a cost-benefit analysis for each option to compare the economic benefits.Identify and quantify costs associated with each option (e.g., land preparation, seeds, equipment, labor, maintenance).Identify and quantify benefits (e.g., crop yield, market prices, potential profits, savings on feed costs).3. Other Factors for Consideration:
Environmental factors (water availability, soil suitability)Market demand for vegetables and livestock feedFarmer's expertise and resourcesPotential risks and challenges specific to each option (e.g., pests, diseases, market fluctuations)To learn more about project plan, here
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How Is the Nature of the Geologic Activity That Is Observed Near a Plate Boundary Related to the Type of Plate Interaction That Occurs at That Boundary?
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A mixture of proteins were seperated via gel filtration column, choose the protein that will elute last out of the column Protein A:50kD in size spherical shape Protein B: 50kD in size and rod shape Protein C: 20kD in size and spherical shape Protein D: 20kD in size and rod shape
Answers
Protein B, which is 50kD in size and rod-shaped, will elute last out of the gel filtration column.
Supporting answer: Gel filtration chromatography, also known as size exclusion chromatography, separates proteins based on their size. The principle behind this technique is that smaller molecules can enter the pores of the gel matrix more easily, resulting in slower elution, while larger molecules pass through the column more quickly.
In this case, Protein B is both 50kD in size and rod-shaped. The rod-shaped structure implies that it has a more elongated shape compared to the spherical proteins. Due to its elongated structure, Protein B is likely to have a larger hydrodynamic radius (size as perceived by the gel matrix) compared to Protein A, even though they are both 50kD in size.
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give a decimal: tongue rolling ability is conferred by the presence of a dominant r allele. nonrollers are genotype rr. a class of genetics students consists of 108 rollers and 20 nonrollers. assume that this population is at hardy-weinberg equilibrium for this locus. please round all answers correctly to 4 decimal digits. what is the frequency of the r allele?
Answers
The frequency of the r allele in the population, based on the given data and assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, is 0.1786.
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation. In this case, we can determine the frequency of the r allele by considering the frequency of the nonrollers (rr genotype) in the population.
Given that there are 20 nonrollers in a class of genetics students, we can assume that these individuals are homozygous for the r allele (rr genotype). This means that the frequency of the rr genotype is 20/128 (total number of individuals in the class, obtained by adding rollers and nonrollers).
Since the r allele is recessive, the frequency of the rr genotype corresponds to the frequency of the r allele squared (q^2) in the population. Therefore, we can solve for the frequency of the r allele (q) by taking the square root of the frequency of the rr genotype.
Taking the square root of 20/128, we find that the frequency of the r allele (q) is approximately 0.1786. Thus, the frequency of the r allele is 0.1786 or 17.86% in this population.
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1. What organisms save water by turning carbon dioxide into a special carbon compound before carrying out photosynthesis? O photosynthetic plants O Ce plants CAM plants O photosynthetic bacteria
Answers
Answer:
I'm pretty sure its Ce plants
Explanation:
tell me if i'm wrong
C4 plants are the organisms which save water by turning carbon dioxide into a special carbon compound before carrying out photosynthesis. Thus, the correct option is B.
What are C4 plants?A C4 plant is a plant which utilizes the C4 carbon fixation pathway for carbon dioxide fixation. C₄ carbon fixation pathway or the Hatch-slack pathway is one of the three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in higher plants. C4 plants are characterized by the following features such as going through the C4 carbon fixation pathway. This pathway takes place when the carbon dioxide gas is first bound to the phosphoenolpyruvate molecule in the mesophyll cells. Then, the process proceeds to the Calvin Cycle in plants.
C4 plants have a special type of leaf anatomy which is known as Kranz anatomy. These plants can tolerate high temperatures, they show a response to high intensities of light, they also lack a process called photorespiration and have greater productivity of biomass than C3 plants and CAM plants.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
What organisms save water by turning carbon dioxide into a special carbon compound before carrying out photosynthesis?
A. photosynthetic plants
B. C4 plants
C. CAM plants
D. photosynthetic bacteria
Which statement describes a primary function of the cell wall of a plant cell?
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Answer:
I DON'T SEE OPTIONS, BUT HERE IS MY GUESS
It is for support.
Explanation:
Plant cells lack necessary support without their cell walls. An animal cells usually have skeleton of some sort to support it, so they don't need cell walls. Plants, on the other hand, don't have skeletons.
Does the cell have any control over its progression through the cell cycle? If so, how is it regulated?
Answers
Answer:
Two groups of proteins, called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), are responsible for the progress of the cell through the various checkpoints. Cyclins regulate the cell cycle only when they are tightly bound to Cdks.
Explanation:
Multiple Choice pls hurry 15 points!!!
Which physical adaptations increase a plant’s chances of survival in a cold environment?
(This is a multiple choice!!! Select all that apply.)
A- having , water-storing leaves
B- having shallow root,
C- having dark-colored leaves
D- having needle-like leaves that do not hold snow
Answers
A,B,D
..........................................
compare scanning and transmission electron microscopes
brainliest points given!!!
Answers
Answer:
is need more context if you want a good strong answer you need to give more information
In what control panel can the feature Electron Denity and Partial Charge be found?
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Electron Density can be found in the "Surface" control panel to the right of the molecule. You can find Partial Charge on the control panel to the right of the molecule, namely "View." To the right of the molecule, the electronic structure can be found in the "Surface" control panel.
The control panel to the right of the molecule includes a number of visualization and analysis tools for the molecule. The electron density is a measure of the quantity of electron density at each place in the molecule. This is accessible through the "Surface" control panel. A second characteristic is the partial charge, which quantifies the amount of charge on each atom. This is accessible through the "View" control panel. In the "Surface" control panel, you can view the electrical structure of a molecule. All of these elements allow users to obtain a deeper comprehension of the chemical they are researching and can be used to examine the molecule's qualities.
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Is this good for a photosynthesis lab inquiry?
Answers
Answer:
I think it looks good!
Explanation:
I need help with this practice problem Fill in the blanks
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Solid fossil fuel are formed over millions of years by decay of land vegatation or plant remains. When the layers are settled and heated, coal is produced as deposits. Fossil fuels are burned to produce energy. Power plants burn coal or oil to build heat that is consequently used to make steam to drive turbines which generate electricity.
Answer - Solid fosiil fuel formed from decay of land vegetation or plant remains. Produces energy when burned.
what is the reason that fat yields more calories and carbohydrates or proteins
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Fats are able to yield more calories as compared to proteins as well as carbohydrates because one molecule of triglyceride yields three molecules of fatty acid with as much as 16 or more number carbons which can produce more energy.
Each and every cell that is present in our body requires energy in order to perform necessary functions which are required for a number of different processes. This requirement of energy is fulfilled by the food that we take from our diets and is broken down to produce energy.
The carbohydrates are the macromolecules which serve as the primary source of energy for the body followed by fats and then proteins but fats produce more mount of calories as compared to sugars.
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Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids and contain an enzyme to break down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct of this metabolism are called
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Vesicles that participate in fatty acid metabolism and contain an enzyme to degrade the hydrogen peroxide byproduct are referred to as peroxisomes.
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They play a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids. During fatty acid metabolism, peroxisomes are responsible for the oxidation of fatty acids, which produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct.
To prevent the accumulation of toxic levels of hydrogen peroxide, peroxisomes contain an enzyme called catalase. Catalase catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water (H2O) and molecular oxygen (O2), thereby neutralizing its harmful effects.
The presence of catalase in peroxisomes allows these organelles to efficiently break down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct generated during fatty acid metabolism. This enzymatic activity ensures the proper functioning of peroxisomes and protects the cell from oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, vesicles involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and containing an enzyme to break down hydrogen peroxide are known as peroxisomes.
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primary succession might occur following a. loss of tree leaves in autumn b. climate change c. a wind storm d. a lava flow or glacial retreat e. high tide
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Primary succession might occur following a lava flow or glacial retreat. Primary succession refers to the gradual establishment of plant and animal communities in an area that was previously devoid of life.
This process typically begins on bare rock or soil, and proceeds over a period of years or even centuries, as different species gradually colonize the area. The process of primary succession is usually triggered by a disturbance that removes all existing vegetation, such as a volcanic eruption or glacial retreat.
When a lava flow or glacial retreat occurs, it can completely destroy all existing plant and animal life in the affected area. This creates a blank slate for new organisms to gradually colonize the area and establish a new ecosystem. As the lava or ice recedes, it leaves behind bare rock or soil that is gradually colonized by hardy pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses. Over time, these species are replaced by larger plants, such as grasses and shrubs, and eventually by trees. As the ecosystem matures, a variety of animals also move in, creating a complex and interconnected web of life.
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Glucose is broken down in the chemical processes of aerobic respiration.
Which row of the table below shows the correct products of this breakdown?
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\(\bold{\huge{\purple{\underline{ Answer }}}}\)
Aerobic respiration :- Aerobic respiration is process of respiration in which complete oxidation of glucose takes place in the presence of oxygen
That is,
Aerobic respiration is takes place in four stages :-
GlycolysisThe link reaction The Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorylationIn aerobic respiration, Glucose with 6 carbon atoms broken into 2 pyruvic acid each with 3 carbon atom and produces water + CO2 + energy.
Whereas,Anaerobic respiration :- is the process of respiration in which incomplete oxidation of glucose takes place in the absence of oxygen
The end products of glucose in anaerobic respiration is
In human muscles, Lactic acid + Energy In yeast, Ethanol + CO2 + EnergyHence, Option D is the correct answer.