What is macroevolution?
a. the death of individuals
b. evolutionary change within a species
c. the extinction of a species
d. the formation of new species
Answers
Macroevolution refers to the evolutionary changes that occur over a long period of time resulting in the formation of new species from pre-existing species. The correct option is D.
Macroevolution refers to significant evolutionary changes that take place over a prolonged period and result in the creation of new species from pre-existing ones.
This process is responsible for the vast biological diversity observed in living organisms.
The emergence of new species occurs through a process known as speciation, which happens when a group of organisms becomes geographically or reproductively isolated from its ancestral population.
The accumulation of genetic differences between the two populations eventually leads to the formation of new species.
Macroevolution is characterized by various biological phenomena, such as adaptation, extinction, and diversification of life forms.
The primary drivers of macroevolution are genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, and gene flow.
These mechanisms of evolution operate over extended periods and bring about significant genetic changes in populations, ultimately leading to the emergence of new species.
Therefore, the correct option is D. the formation of new species
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Related Questions
Triploblastic animals have three germ layers. The outer layer is called the , the inner layer is called the , and the intermediate layer is called .
Answers
Answer:
The outer layer, called the crust.
The inner layer is called The subcutis.
The intermediate layer is called mantle layer.
Explanation:
I hope it helps
Triploblastic animals have three germ layers. They are the following:
The outer layer is called the Ectoderm.The inner layer is called the Endoderm.The middle layer is called the Mesoderm.What do you mean by germ layers?The germ layers may be defined as a group of cells that develops in an embryo. These germ layers are responsible for the generation of organs and tissues as the embryo develops.
The ectoderm forms the brain, spinal cord, eye, skin, and hair. The mesoderm is responsible for the formation of the notochord, bone, circulatory system, muscles, and connective tissues. The endoderm leads to the formation of the stomach, liver, pancreas, lungs, and urinary bladder.
Therefore, Triploblastic animals have three germ layers. They are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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Laughing gas is made when nitrogen gas and oxygen gas have a chemical
reaction. What is laughing gas?
A. A compound
B. An element
C. An alloy
D. A mixture
Answers
Answer:
A compound
Explanation:
a p e x
if you are standing in an anatomical position, and someone hits you on your anterior leg (shin with a very heavey blow while your foot does not move, which ligament is most liekly to tear?
Answers
Your left hand will touch the right of the person who is standing in the normal Anatomical position, and your right hand will touch their left.
If you reach out to touch hands with someone who is standing in the normal anatomical position while you are face-to-face with them, your left hand will touch the right of the person who is standing in the normal anatomical position, and vice versa. The left of the body is on the observer's right and the right of the body is on the observer's left when watching a body in the anatomical posture. It signifies that the body is standing erect, with the feet parallel and at shoulder width, with the toes facing front. and the hands' palms are facing forward.Anatomical position, also known as conventional anatomical position, is the position of the body when it is standing straight up, palms facing front, with both arms hanging by its sides. Feet are flat on the ground and looking forward. Legs are parallel.To know more about Anatomical position
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1. List at least 10 immediate effects /benefits that occur when one participates regularly in cardiorespiratory endurance exercise
2. Differentiate between exercise for fitness and exercise
for health.
3. Identify 7 physiological changes that occur in response to cardiorespiratory system at rest and during exercise.
4. Discuss the changes the training produces on resting and sub-maximum heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood volume, and heart volume.
5. Describe the respiratory responses that occur in response to training. 6. Discuss the metabolic responses that occur when one
is in a consistent training program.
7. Discuss the effects of detraining on the human body. 8. Identify and describe several tests for measuring cardiorespiratory endurance.
9. List at least 10 long-term effects /benefits that occur
when one participates regularly in cardiorespiratory
endurance exercise.
10. Identify and define the principles of aerobic conditioning.
Answers
1. Immediate effects/benefits of regular cardiorespiratory endurance exercise include increased heart rate, improved circulation, increased oxygen delivery to muscles, improved lung function, increased energy expenditure, release of endorphins (feel-good hormones), improved mood, reduced stress levels, enhanced mental clarity, and improved sleep quality.
What is exercise for fitness and exercise for health?2. Exercise for fitness typically refers to activities performed to improve physical fitness components such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
Exercise for health, on the other hand, focuses on improving overall health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.
3. Physiological changes during rest and exercise in the cardiorespiratory system include increased heart rate, increased cardiac output, vasodilation in active muscles, increased oxygen consumption, increased respiratory rate, increased blood flow to working muscles, increased ventilation, increased sweat production, and increased release of heat from the body.
4. Training produces various changes in resting and sub-maximum heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood volume, and heart volume. These changes include a lower resting heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased cardiac output during exercise, increased blood volume, and potential hypertrophy (enlargement) of the heart muscle.
5. Respiratory responses to training include increased lung capacity, improved oxygen uptake and utilization, increased ventilation efficiency, decreased respiratory rate during submaximal exercise, improved respiratory muscle strength, and increased tolerance to high-intensity exercise.
6. Metabolic responses to consistent training include improved energy production and utilization, increased efficiency of aerobic metabolism, increased utilization of fat as a fuel source, improved glucose metabolism, increased mitochondrial density, and improved insulin sensitivity.
7. Detraining refers to the loss of fitness and physiological adaptations that occur when one discontinues or significantly reduces their exercise regimen. It can lead to a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness, decreased muscle strength and endurance, loss of flexibility, increased body fat, decreased metabolic rate, and potential regression of cardiovascular health benefits.
8. Tests for measuring cardiorespiratory endurance include the VO2 max test, the Cooper 12-minute run/walk test, the 1.5-mile run test, the 6-minute walk test, the step test, the treadmill test, and the cycle ergometer test.
9. Long-term effects/benefits of regular cardiorespiratory endurance exercise include improved cardiovascular health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, improved aerobic capacity, increased muscular endurance, improved body composition, increased bone density, improved immune function, improved mental health, increased longevity, and improved overall quality of life.
10. The principles of aerobic conditioning include specificity (training should be specific to the desired fitness outcome), progressive overload (gradually increasing the intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise), reversibility (fitness gains can be lost if training is discontinued), individuality (training programs should be tailored to individual needs and abilities), variation (including different types of exercises and training methods), and recovery (allowing sufficient rest and recovery periods to avoid overtraining and promote adaptation).
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What is the second leading cause of unintentional death for teenagers?.
Answers
The second leading cause of unintentional death for teenagers is motor vehicle accidents.
Motor vehicle accidents are a major cause of death and injury among teenagers in many countries. In the United States, for example, motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for teenagers aged 16-19, and the second leading cause of unintentional death overall for this age group.
There are a variety of factors that contribute to the high incidence of motor vehicle accidents among teenagers. Inexperience, risk-taking behavior, and distractions such as cell phone use are all common factors. Alcohol and drug use also increase the risk of motor vehicle accidents among teenagers.
Preventing motor vehicle accidents among teenagers requires a multi-faceted approach, including education on safe driving practices, enforcement of traffic laws, and measures to discourage alcohol and drug use among young drivers.
New technologies, such as driver assistance systems and vehicle-to-vehicle communication, may also play a role in reducing the incidence of motor vehicle accidents among teenagers in the future.
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What is the role of NADPH in CO₂ reduction?
Answers
A redox pathway is represented by the dark reactions. As CO2 is reduced to glucose, NADPH gets oxidized to NADP+.
NADPH does it lessen CO2?During the Calvin-Benson cycle, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is transformed into glucose. Utilizing the electrons made accessible by the oxidation of NADPH, calls for the total reduction of CO2. So, a redox pathway is represented by the dark reactions. As CO2 is reduced to glucose, NADPH was oxidized to NADP+.
What function does NADPH perform?All organisms require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as an important electron donor because it supplies the reducing energy needed for anabolic processes and redox balance. NADPH homeostasis is controlled by a variety of signaling channels and various metabolic enzymes that change adaptively in cancer cells.
Does NADH lessen CO2?The equilibrium predicted per thermodynamic considerations, which is likewise attained from the formic acid side, is obtained during the enzyme-catalyzed CO2 reduction by NADH. The Michaelis constant with CO2 is around 40 mM, reflecting the enzyme's poor affinity for this substrate.
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3. Is it possible to harvest solar energy trapped by leaves? Suggest some methods with reasons.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Most solar energy occurs at wavelengths unsuitable for photosynthesis. Between 98 and 99 percent of solar energy reaching Earth is reflected from leaves and other surfaces and absorbed by other molecules, which convert it to heat. Thus, only 1 to 2 percent is available to be captured by plants.
What type of molecule is being shown?
Answers
Answer:
a carbohydrate
Explanation:
CH2OH is structure of a carbohydrate.
How far does an S wave travel in 20 mins
Answers
Answer:
S-wave : The S-wave (secondary, shear, or side-to-side wave) is slower than the P wave and arrives next, shaking the ground up and down and back and forth perpendicular to the direction it is traveling. Shear waves travel at 3.8 kilometers (2.4 miles) per second.
S waves can travel as far as 4560km in twenty minutes.
What is S wave?This is also known as secondary waves or shear waves and they are known as lateral waves that move side to side as a sine wave perpendicular to the direction of the wave. They are however slower than than other types such as the P wave.
We should also note that the S waves travel at a distance of 3.8kilometers per second and we are ware that 1200 seconds make up twenty minutes. Then we multiply 1200 seconds by 3.8 kilometers which will result in 4560km and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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Discuss two career options in marine science that one might consider, and the education needed to enter into these careers. explain whether you would be interested in pursuing one of these careers and why.
Answers
Aquaculturist, Coastal zone manager are the two career options in marine science that one might consider.
Aquaculture is the practise of producing healthy fish, lobsters, crabs, and other seafood for human consumption. They routinely conduct equipment repairs while collecting and analysing data on the environment, production, and growth.
The goal of coastal zone management is to maintain harmony among human, economic, environmental, and health-related activities. The National Coastal Zone Management Project and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System are the two primary programmes that make up the Coastal Zone Management Act.
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____ currents inside Earth might drive plate motion.
a.
Vertical
c.
Horizontal
b.
Convection
d.
none of the above
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Answers
Answer:
B. Convection
Explanation:
i’m having trouble on this anyone know what goes there?
Answers
Answer:
reactants
Explanation:
....................
can someone help me with this it would really make my day go right
Answers
Answer:
primary is the answer...
which response is a result of geotropism?
a) flower being produced
b) growing bigger leaves
c) roots growing downwards
d) seeds germinating
Answers
The response that is a result of geotropism is roots growing downwards. The correct option is c.
What is geotropism?Gravitropism is the coordinated process by which a plant grows in response to gravity acting on it. It is also found in fungi.
Gravity can be classified as either "artificial gravity" or "natural gravity." It is found in all higher and many lower plants, as well as other organisms.
Plant structures, such as roots, grow downward due to positive geotropism. Plants that grow upwards, such as shoots, exhibit negative geotropism.
Because roots grow in the direction of gravity, they exhibit positive gravitropism. Because plant shoots grow in the opposite direction of gravity, they exhibit negative gravitropism.
Gravity is detected by statocytes, which contain statoliths that sink inside the cell.
Thus, the correct option is c.
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A hydroxyl is present at the 3’ end of the growing dna strand. What is at the 5’ end?.
Answers
The following applies to the 5' and 3' end of a DNA molecule:
Hydroxyl group is present at the 3’ end of the growing DNAPhosphate group is present at the 5' end of the growing DNA. What is DNA?DNA meaning deoxyribonucleic acid is a biological molecule made up of monomers called nucleotides.
One nucleotide is joined to another by an ester bond, hence, the DNA molecule has both 5' and 3' end.
Therefore, the following applies to the 5' and 3' end of a DNA molecule:
Hydroxyl group is present at the 3’ end of the growing DNAPhosphate group is present at the 5' end of the growing DNA.Learn more about DNA at: https://brainly.com/question/264225
What are the 3 hormones released during exercise?
Answers
Exercise induces the release of three hormones: adrenaline, endorphins, and cortisol.
Adrenaline is a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to physical or psychological stressors that increases heart rate, glucose levels, breathing rate, muscle strength and cognitive function.
Endorphins are neurotransmitters triggered by strenuous activity that provide a sense of euphoria, helping to reduce pain perception and improve mood.
Finally, cortisol is a steroid hormone released as part of the body’s fight-or-flight response which helps raise blood sugar levels while also aiding in tissue repair following exercise or physical activity.
Thusly, these hormones play an important role in not only maintaining homeostasis during physical activity but also providing relaxation after exercise has concluded.
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Consider the following statement and the diagrams below and answer the questions. *Permanent tissues displaced a variety of shapes and cell wall features that are related to their functions in the plant.
Answers
Option a is parenchyma, option B is collenchyma, and option C is scelerenchyme. All three of these are types of plant tissues that provide structural support and perform various functions in plants.
Parenchyma is one most the common and versatile type of plant tissue that consists of living cells with thin cell walls. Parenchyma cells are generally isodiametric, and they have large central vacuoles. The cells can store nutrients such as starch, proteins, and water, and take part in photosynthesis and gas exchange. Collenchyma cells have an elongated shape, and also providing flexible support and thickened cell wall etc. Sclerenchyma cells provide rigid support to plant organs and help with conductivity too.
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Match each part of the cell with the correct label
what is number 2?
Answers
The cell organelle that is represented through number 2 is known as Mitochondria. It is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is a Cell organelle?A cell organelle may be defined as a type of structure that is significantly present in the cell in order to play a specific function that facilitates the survival of an organism.
Some examples of cell organelles may include the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, ribosomes, etc.
Mitochondria is a double membrane-bound cell organelle that effectively produces most of the chemical energy which is typically required to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
Chemical energy generated by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell.
Therefore, the cell organelle that is represented through number 2 is known as Mitochondria. It is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
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What does gel electrophoresis do?
Answers
Answer:
A. separates DNA fragments so they can be seen
What is happening to energy? (What energy transformations take place?)
Answers
Answer: energy may be transferred from place to place or transformed into different forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Explanation:
The transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time. Light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy.
________ Is the nitrogen base found only in RNA
Answers
Answer:
Uracil
Explanation:
identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.
Answers
Answer:
Lacrimal
Explanation:
a component of in situ conservation that uses the principles of ecology to help return a degraded environment to a more functional and sustainable one is:
Answers
The component of in situ conservation that uses the principles of ecology to help return a degraded environment to a more functional and sustainable one is called ecological restoration.
The component of in situ conservation known as ecological restoration utilizes ecological principles to restore a degraded environment to a more functional and sustainable state. Ecological restoration aims to reverse the damage caused by human activities or natural disturbances and recreate the original ecological conditions of the ecosystem. It involves various strategies such as habitat rehabilitation, species reintroduction, erosion control, and ecosystem management.
Through the application of ecological knowledge and practices, ecological restoration seeks to enhance biodiversity, improve ecosystem services, and promote the long-term health and resilience of the ecosystem. It is a proactive approach that recognizes the importance of preserving and restoring the natural environment for the benefit of both present and future generations.
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what chemical structures must be present for life to exist?
Answers
Answer:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
Explanation:
where does the new cellulose wall form in a newly divided plant cell?
Answers
Plant cytokinesis is the procedure used to create a new cell wall in order to separate the dividing plant cell.
What is formed of cellulose in a plant cell?The plant cell wall is made up of microfibrils, which are collections of cellulose chains, or fibrils, which are collections of microfibrils and polysaccharides.In a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis, the cell plate divides in two and develops a new wall through the centre of the cell. The latter stages of mitosis overlap with cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm into two new cells.Cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin are among the structural proteins and biopolymers that make up the plant cell wall. Cellulose is a key regulator of cell wall growth and mechanics since it is one of the main load-bearing elements of this intricate, heterogeneous structure.To learn more about plant refer to:
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Plant cytokinesis is the procedure used to create a new cell wall to separate the dividing plant cell.
What is formed of cellulose in a plant cell?The plant cell wall is made up of microfibrils, which are collections of cellulose chains, or fibrils, which are collections of microfibrils and polysaccharides.
In a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis, the cell plate divides in two and develops a new wall through the center of the cell. The latter stages of mitosis overlap with cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm into two new cells.
Cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin are among the structural proteins and biopolymers that make up the plant cell wall. Cellulose is a key regulator of cell wall growth and mechanics since it is one of the main load-bearing elements of this intricate, heterogeneous structure.
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Studying____
we infer how Pangea split into continents
Answers
Answer:
Scientists believe that Pangea broke apart for the same reason that the plates are moving today. The movement is caused by the convection currents that roll over in the upper zone of the mantle.
Explanation:
Answer: Pangea broke apart for the same reason that the plates are moving today. The movement is caused by the convection currents that roll over in the upper zone of the mantle.
Explanation: Scientists believe that Pangea broke apart for the same reason that the plates are moving today. The movement is caused by the convection currents that roll over in the upper zone of the mantle. About 200 million years ago Pangaea broke into two new continents Laurasia and Gondwanaland.
HELP! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is A i know because did it and it says it was correct
Explanation:
Questions in the picture
Answers
Answer:
The answer to your question ( I think) is,
4. They influence the rate of chemical reactions
Explanation:
I hope this helps:)
I am very sorry if i am wrong
What is not a property of water that helps make water essential for life on Earth?
Answers
By what factor would the rate of diffusion change if membrane thickness doubled?
Answers
Tripling of the diffusion rate would correspond to a factor 3.
What are the factors which affects the rate of diffusion ??Substances diffuse when they travel passively from one area of high concentration to another area of lower concentrations . During cellular transport in plants, diffusion of chemicals is crucial. The concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature and pressure all have an impact on the rate of diffusion . As long as there is a difference in a substance concentration on either side of a barrier, diffusion will occur.
So by tripling the diffusion rate it would change to factor of 3.
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