What is it called when 2 genes are the same?

The pH of the buffer can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is 4.462.

In this case, the concentration of lactic acid and sodium lactate can be used to determine the pH of the buffer solution.

Explanation: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is given by:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]),

where pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka), [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base, and [HA] is the concentration of the acid.

In this case, lactic acid (HA) acts as the acid, while sodium lactate (A-) acts as the conjugate base. The given concentrations are 0.01 mole/liter for lactic acid and 0.04 mole/liter for sodium lactate.

The Ka value for lactic acid can be determined from the acid dissociation constant table or literature. Let's assume the Ka value for lactic acid is 1.38 x 10^-4.

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate the pH:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

= pKa + log(0.04/0.01)

= pKa + log(4)

Substituting the pKa value and solving the equation, we find the pH of the buffer.

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

= 3.86 + log(0.04/0.01)

= 3.86 + log(4)

≈ 3.86 + 0.602

≈ 4.462

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To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the plant cell in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its internal concentration of 0.8 M. Therefore, the best option would be d) 1.0 M or e) 150 mM.

Option a) 0.8 M would not cause plasmolysis, as it is the same concentration as the internal solute concentration. Option b) distilled water would cause the cell to swell and burst, as the solute concentration is lower than the internal concentration. Option c) 0.4 M is also lower than the internal concentration and would not cause plasmolysis.

So, to demonstrate plasmolysis in a plant cell with an internal solute concentration of 0.8 M, you would need to suspend the cell in a solution with a higher solute concentration. Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell, and the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall.

In this case, the correct answer is d) 1.0 MA 1.0 M solution has a higher solute concentration than the plant cell's internal concentration, which will lead to plasmolysis.

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Genetic variation arises from DNA sequence changes, including mutations, crossing-over during meiosis, and gene recombination.

Genetic variation is essential for a population's survival and adaptation. It originates from changes in the DNA sequence, which can occur through several processes.

First, mutations introduce new genetic material by altering individual nucleotides, creating genetic diversity.

Second, crossing-over in meiosis shuffles genes between homologous chromosomes, producing unique combinations in offspring. Lastly, gene recombination can further diversify genetic material within a population.

These mechanisms all contribute to the variation seen within a species, allowing them to adapt to environmental changes and evolve over time.

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Answer: Fertilization of the eggs usually take place in the Fallopian tube.

Answer:

Autocrine =  Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell.This can be contrasted with paracrine signaling, intracrine signaling, or classical endocrine signaling.

Juxtacrine =  Juxtacrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms that requires close contact.

Endocrine = Endocrine signaling occurs when endocrine cells release hormones that act on distant target cells in the body. Endocrine signaling can be distinguished from two other types of signaling: neural signaling and paracrine signaling. ... Neurons are connected to their target cells via synapses.

Paracrine = Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling or cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells.

Answer:

D. Aids

Explanation:

Aids is one of the most deadliest diseases in the world. When you contract aids, it's designed to infect the cells that try to destroy it, it's a whole zombie apocalypse in your body and you don't even know it.

It attacks and weakens the immune system, and our immune system defends our bodies against infections, but HIV is extremely strong and it over powers the system, I'm not sure if there's an immune system strong enough to fight HIV or aids.

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

DNA

Avery is best known for his 1944 discovery that DNA is the material of which genes and chromosomes are made.

Answer:

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions. They are prokaryotic and belong to the domain Archaea.

Explanation:

hi

SIM medium is a useful tool for observing bacterial motility, hydrogen sulfide production, and indole production in a single test.

SIM medium is a type of differential and selective culture medium used to test bacterial motility, hydrogen sulfide production, and indole production. The medium contains iron and peptone, which serve as sources of nutrients for the bacteria.  

Additionally, the SIM medium includes sodium thiosulfate and ferrous sulfate, which react to produce a black precipitate of ferrous sulfide when hydrogen sulfide is produced by the bacteria.

To observe motility, the SIM medium is stabbed with a sterile needle to introduce the bacterial inoculum into the medium. The needle is then removed, and the medium is incubated for a set amount of time.

Motile bacteria will move through the medium, creating a diffuse cloud of growth that spreads out from the point of inoculation. Non-motile bacteria, on the other hand, will grow in a compact area around the point of inoculation.

After incubation, the medium is observed for growth patterns and the presence of hydrogen sulfide production. If hydrogen sulfide is produced, a black precipitate will form around the bacterial growth. The presence or absence of indole production can also be tested using Kovac's reagent.

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The net working capital for the firm is $1,500, calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets, the correct option is (e).

To calculate the net working capital, you need to subtract the current liabilities from the current assets.

In a company's financial statements, the formula for calculating current assets can be expressed as the sum of inventory, accounts receivable, and cash.

Current Assets = Inventory + Accounts Receivable + Cash

Current Liabilities = Accounts Payable

Using the given values:

Current Assets = $820 (Inventory) + $1,210 (Accounts Receivable) + $360 (Cash)

= $2,390

Current Liabilities = $890 (Accounts Payable)

The formula to calculate Net Working Capital is derived by subtracting Current Liabilities from Current Assets.

Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

Net Working Capital = $2,390 - $890

= $1,500

Therefore, the amount of net working capital is $1,500.

Hence, the correct option is (e).

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Answer:

Basal Ganglia

Explanation:

The Basal ganglia function is to regulate the voluntary movements or autonomic movement. This is done by receiving and transmission of impulses. Impulses are received for upcoming movement from the cerebral cortex and then process and adjust from where it is convey to the thalamus which then relays this information back to the cortex. The well defined movement instruction is finally sent to the skeletal muscles through the tracts of the pyramidal motor system. It also function in planning and modulation of movement, memory and eye movement.

There are five types of basal ganglia corpus striatum, claustrum, amygdala, substantia nigra and subthalamic sails which all function together.

C) A Mutation always has a neutral effect on the function of the organism

Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophages which are viruses that attack bacteria. They labeled the bacteriophage with radioactive isotopes to see where it goes when a virus attacks.

They discovered that nearly all the radioactivity was found in phosphorus, confirming that DNA contains genetic material, not protein.

The final experiment, also known as the Waring Blender experiment, in which Hershey and Chase demonstrated that phages only injected their DNA into host bacteria and that the DNA acted as the replicating genetic element of phages, is the Hershey-Chase experiment that is most well-known.

Hershey and Chase discovered proof that phages introduced their DNA into host bacteria in the prior experiment.

Therefore, Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophages which are viruses that attack bacteria. They labeled the bacteriophage with radioactive isotopes to see where it goes when a virus attacks.

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A plant that lacks petals and has well-developed anthers is most likely a wind-pollinated plant.

Wind-pollinated plants often have reduced or absent petals because they do not rely on attracting pollinators through colorful and showy flowers. Instead, they produce large quantities of pollen to be carried by the wind to reach other plants for pollination. Well-developed anthers are characteristic of wind-pollinated plants as they produce a significant amount of pollen to increase the chances of successful pollination in the absence of animal pollinators. Examples of wind-pollinated plants include grasses, conifers, and many types of trees.

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A moderate amount of swelling that occurs immediately following injury and that is caused by synovial fluid and by blood in the joint is called a hemarthrosis.

Hemarthrosis, or bleeding into a joint, is a significant contributor to pain and edema in monoarticular joints.

Between the joints is a viscous liquid called synovial fluid. An examination of the synovial fluid looks for conditions that impact the joints.

When you move your joints, the fluid cushions the ends of the bones and lessens friction.

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Answer:

R136c: 230 solar masses.

BAT99-98: 226 solar masses.

R136a2: 195 solar masses.

Answer:

The sun, T-Tauri, Lambda Bootis,

Explanation:

The correct pairing of neurotransmitters in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is that both release ACH.

Acetylcholine inside the autonomic nervous system. The neurotransmitter in preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system is called acetylcholine (ACh).

The heart, lungs, upper gastrointestinal tract, and sweat glands all have muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on their peripheral nerve systems.

The central and peripheral nervous systems depend on acetylcholine, a sort of chemical messenger or neurotransmitter, to function properly. It aids in learning, memory, and attention as well as the control of muscular motion and autonomic bodily processes.

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The G1 phase of interphase involves the cell growing, collecting nutrients, and copying some of the organelles. G1, S, and G2 are the three stages that make up interphase.

The G1 phase of interphase is the first phase. In G1, the cell grows, collects nutrients, and copies some of the organelles. During this stage, the cell determines whether or not it is ready to proceed to the next stage of the cell cycle, which is the S phase.If the cell decides to move on to the S phase, it will do so.

During the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA. The G2 phase is the final phase of interphase. During this stage, the cell continues to grow and develop. Additionally, the cell continues to prepare for the next phase of the cell cycle, which is mitosis. Therefore, G1 is the stage of interphase where the cell grows, collects nutrients, and copies some of the organelles.

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Answer:

Option D. Photosynthesis

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process of using light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Answer:

Lactic fermentation is a minor process which occurs after glycolysis in anaerobic respiration.

Explanation:

In it, an enzyme found in most every organism called lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes a reaction between the NADH produced from glycolysis with the pyruvate molecules to create the NAD+ necessary to begin glycolysis

Answer:

1)I)replacing dead cells

ii)cell division in the liver

2) in meiosis, there are 23 chromosomes

in mitosis, there are 46

A developmental anatomist is a person that analyzes and studies the structural functions and modifications of an organism. They might study the decay of the body after death. Thus, option 2 is correct.

Anatomy is the science that deals with the structures of the body that undergoes changes at the stages of growth and development including bones, tissues, organs, cells, systems, etc. The developmental anatomy includes the area of fetology, embryology, and postnatal growth.

The developmental anatomist studies morphology and the structural changes underwent by an organism from fertilization to death. They may also study the alterations of the muscles, tissues, cells, etc., that a dead body undergoes at the time of decay.

Therefore, option 2. a developmental anatomist studies how the body decays after death.

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27. Oil-based.

28. Beta-carotene

29. Eggs

30. Collard greens

27. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, and its absorption is enhanced in the presence of dietary fats or oils. Packaging vitamin D in an oil-based formulation helps facilitate its absorption in the digestive system.

28. Beta-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A and is important for maintaining good vision. A deficiency in beta-carotene/vitamin A can lead to night blindness, which is the inability to see clearly in dim light or at night.

29. Eggs are a dietary source of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-based foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products. It is less commonly found in plant-based foods.

30. Collard greens are a dietary source of vitamin C. Vitamin C is found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus fruits (such as oranges and grapefruits), strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, broccoli, and leafy greens like collard greens.

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Answer:

Recall that on a distance–time graph, the speed of an object is equal to the gradient of the line that represents its motion. Therefore, to compare the speeds of the objects, we'll calculate and compare the gradients of the two lines

The movement of alleles among adjacent populations via migration of breeding organisms is called gene flow.

Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material, such as alleles, from one population to another through the movement of individuals or gametes (sperm and eggs).

This process can introduce new genetic variations into a population, which can impact the genetic diversity, adaptation, and evolution of the population. Gene flow can occur both naturally and through human-mediated activities, such as the intentional or accidental release of non-native species into new environments.

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Mitochondria are cellular organelles that are in charge of oxidative phosphorylation, which is the critical process of turning nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules that power normal cell operations. At least hundreds of mitochondria are found in each neuron. Because nerve cells are postmitotic, any mitochondrial damage received will accumulate over time and produce malfunction. Cells die as a result of widespread mitochondrial damage because they can no longer create adequate energy.