What is a positive Gibbs free-energy value an indication of?

an equilibrium reaction

a reversible reaction

an enzymatic reaction

a nonspontaneous reaction

Answers

Answer 1

A positive Gibbs free-energy value is an indication of a nonspontaneous reaction. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Nonspontaneous reactions need energy to proceed. Heat, electricity, or a coupled process may provide this energy. Without energy, a nonspontaneous reaction cannot go ahead. By supplying energy to a battery, we drive a nonspontaneous reaction ahead.

G indicates reaction equilibrium. Equilibrium occurs when G is zero. To attain equilibrium, the reaction shifts towards the reactants if G is positive. If G is negative, the reaction shifts towards products to attain equilibrium.

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Related Questions

tell me everything you know about thermal energy im in school right now and i have to write an essay :)

Answers

Answer:

thermal energy is heat energy it is used for man kitchen appliances and also in nature from the sun for photosynthesys

Explanation:

help me pls! plsssss​

help me pls! plsssss

Answers

Answer:

Neutron, neutral subatomic particle that is a constituent of every atomic nucleus except ordinary hydrogen. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg—marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1,839 times greater than that of the electron.

Which of these properties is most helpful when identifying a substance in a
given sample of matter?
A. State
B. Mass
C. Melting point
D. Volume

Answers

Answer:

Melting point

Explanation:

Melting point is a intensive property and Intensive properties can be used to help identify a sample because these characteristics do not depend on the amount of sample, nor do they change according to conditions.

IF IT WAS HELPFUL HIT THE CROWN

Answer:

Explanation:

Yes melting point!

Stop telling people how you feel they do not wanna hear you're problems tell them to God man these people don't care what you gotta say I just had to tell y'all this and write it in a notebook please I'm tryna tell y'all that's the key kings and queens stay humble 2021 is the new year and new u

Answers

Answer:

Preach!

Explanation:

I get what your trying to say here, but where is your punctuation? I had a brain aneurysm trying to read that.




2) Consider a BCC unit cell with a lattice constant, a, of \( 2.4 \AA \). Determine the volume atomic concentration of the unit cell.

Answers

A BCC unit cell with a lattice constant, a, of 2.4 Å. The volume atomic concentration of the unit cell is 0.0722 atoms/ų.

To determine the volume atomic concentration of a Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) unit cell, we need to consider the number of atoms present in the unit cell and the volume occupied by the unit cell.

In a BCC unit cell, there is one atom located at the center of the cube and eight atoms at the corners, but each corner atom is shared among eight adjacent unit cells. Therefore, the total number of atoms present in the unit cell is 1.

The volume of a BCC unit cell can be calculated using the formula:

Volume = a³

where "a" is the lattice constant.

Given that the lattice constant, a, is 2.4 Å, we can calculate the volume of the unit cell as follows:

Volume = (2.4 Å)³

Converting the units to cubic angstroms:

Volume = 13.824 ų

Now, to determine the volume atomic concentration, we need to divide the number of atoms (1) by the volume of the unit cell:

Volume Atomic Concentration = Number of Atoms / Volume

Volume Atomic Concentration = 1 / 13.824 ų

The volume atomic concentration of the BCC unit cell is approximately 0.0722 atoms/ų.

Therefore, the volume atomic concentration of the unit cell in a BCC crystal with a lattice constant of 2.4 Šis approximately 0.0722 atoms/ų.

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The complete question is:

A BCC unit cell with a lattice constant, a, of 2.4 Å. Determine the volume atomic concentration of the unit cell.

4 NH3 + 7 O2 → 4 NO2 + 6 H2O What is the mole ratio between oxygen and nitrogen dioxide? 7 moles to 6 moles 4 moles to 6 moles 7 moles to 4 moles 4 moles to 4 moles

Answers

Answer:

7:4

Explanation:

O2 : NO2

7 : 4

hope this helps :)

please help i will mark brainliest which helps bring up youre rank

please help i will mark brainliest which helps bring up youre rank

Answers

Answer:

push or pull

Explanation:

What is one bad thing that can happen when humans build more and more streets and buildings?

Answers

Answer:

there will be less and less space

Explanation:

_____ = the state of matter in which a material has a definite VOLUME but NOT a definite SHAPE.

Answers

Answer:

Liquid

Explanation:

We can rule out solids when there is no definite shape, so we have liquid and gas left. The thing is gas doesn't have a definite volume because we can't transfer it between two glass cups (this is an example). Thus, liquid is the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape.

ILL MARK AS BRAINLESS PLS HELP

ILL MARK AS BRAINLESS PLS HELP

Answers

we can’t do anything with that

is a visible light a form of electromagnetic energy?

Answers

The visible light spectrum is the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view.


Is it possible for the sun to burn out tomorrow? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

It is and isn't possible at the same time.

Explanation:

Stars form when enough hydrogen collects in one place that the sheer gravitational attraction of the mass to itself causes thermonuclear fusion to commence. Unlike a nuclear bomb, the reaction doesn’t last for milliseconds, but for billions of years, as convection currents carry fresh supplies of unfused hydrogen into the reaction zone, and as heavier, already fused material undergoes fusion again, starting a stepladder of elemental construction, building the table of elements from hydrogen up toward iron as far as conditions will allow.  So basically, the sun doesn’t burn all at once for the same reason a candle doesn’t: It relies on convective processes to freshen its fuel supply

A
patient is getting an IV infusion with 0.45% NaCl.
If
a patient receives needs 5 grams of NaCl, how much total solution
should be infused?

Answers

A patient is getting an IV infusion with 0.45% NaCl. If a patient receives needs 5 grams of NaCl,  1111.11 ml is the total solution that should be infused.

A homogenous mixture made up of two or more substances is referred to as a solution. The substance that is dissolved in the solvent is known as the solute, whereas the substance that is present in greater quantity is referred to as the solvent. Depending on the composition of the solute and solvent, solutions can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. In solution chemistry, a stable combination is produced by achieving a uniform dispersion of particles throughout the solvent. Solvents are used in this process to dissolve solutes.

0.45 grams NaCl / 100 ml = 5 grams NaCl / x ml

(0.45 grams NaCl) × x ml = (5 grams NaCl) * 100 ml

0.45x = 500

x = 500 / 0.45

x ≈ 1111.11 ml

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Living Directions: Classify the following type of potential energy (P) or kinetic energy (K).

6. Walking down the sidewalk.
7. A skier at the top of the mountain.
8. A pitcher throwing a baseball to first base.
9. Gasoline in a gas tank.
10. An archer with his bow drawn.
11. An apple on an apple tree in an orchard.
12. A car driving down the highway.
13. Water flowing down from a waterfall.
14. A soccer player kicking a soccer ball across the field.​

Answers

6. Kinetic
7. Potential
8. Kinetic
9. Potential
10. Potential
11. Potential
12. Kinetic
13. Kinetic
14. Kinetic

**I think this is right, if not I’m sorry**

Good luck :D

Also, kinetic energy is *motion* and potential energy is when an object has the *potential* to move. Hope this helped! Have a great day :D

appropriate dress for lab includes (choose all that apply): group of answer choices halter or tank tops and micro-mini skirts.flip-flops or sandals.closed-toe shoes made of leather or other resistant material, nothing permeable like cotton or other fabric.clothes made of natural fibers (e.g. cotton or wool) that do not melt like synthetic fabrics.pants or long skirts that completely cover and protect your legs.a fitted short- or long-sleeved shirt--nothing with loose sleeves that can knock down containers or catch fire.an insulated winter parka and gloves, so you're completely protected from any chemical spills.

Answers

The appropriate dress for lab includes closed-toe shoes made of leather or other resistant material, nothing permeable like cotton or other fabric; clothes made of natural fibers (e.g. cotton or wool) that do not melt like synthetic fabrics; pants or long skirts that completely cover and protect your legs; and a fitted short- or long-sleeved shirt--nothing with loose sleeves that can knock down containers or catch fire.

How to wear appropriately in a Chemical Lab?

It is important to wear appropriate clothing in a laboratory to protect yourself from potential hazards, such as chemical spills, fire, and other accidents. Clothing made of natural fibers can help reduce the risk of melting and burning in case of exposure to heat or chemicals. Closed-toe shoes made of durable materials provide protection against spills and falling objects. Avoiding loose clothing, such as halter or tank tops with micro-mini skirts, can prevent catching fire or knocking down containers. Insulated winter parka and gloves are not necessary for regular laboratory attire and may not be suitable for lab safety. It's always important to follow the dress code and safety guidelines of the specific laboratory you are working in to ensure proper protection.

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please help im so bad at science

please help im so bad at science

Answers

a.bond energy

c. endothermic reaction

d. exothermic reaction

f.exothermic

g.endothermic

take an onion and one jam bottle insert the roots of onion in the jam bottle for five days . after five days observe the growth in the roots of onion which is submerged in jam bottle. write observation here

Answers

Answer:

It is noticed that after five days, there is elongation of the root cells in the roots of onion in the jam bottle

Explanation:

It is noticed that after five days, there is elongation of the root cells in the roots of onion in the jam bottle. The growth of a plant is due to the availability of the growing and  dividing cells in the meristematic regions of the apical meristems. (stem cells). This site are active site for elongation and differentiation  of the stem tissues. In the apical meristem of the root cells, the cells have the potential to carry out mitosis and cell division repeatedly in order to generate newer cells for extension and development of stems and leaves. With each cell division, one cell remains in the meristem which the other increases in size and differentiate due to different genomic expression to form the meristem regions which eventually becomes the stem structure.

A solution containing 28.85 mg of an unknown protein per 29.0mL of solution was found to have an osmotic pressure of 3.28 torr at 16 C

Answers

To calculate the molar mass of the unknown protein, we can use the formula for osmotic pressure:

π = (n/V)RT

where:

π is the osmotic pressure,

n is the number of moles of solute,

V is the volume of the solution in liters,

R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)), and

T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, let's convert the given values to the appropriate units:

Mass of protein = 28.85 mg = 0.02885 g

Volume of solution = 29.0 mL = 0.0290 L

Osmotic pressure = 3.28 torr

Now, we rearrange the osmotic pressure formula to solve for n:

n = (πV) / (RT)

Substituting the values:

n = (3.28 torr * 0.0290 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 289 K)

n ≈ 0.0386 mol

Next, we can calculate the molar mass (M) of the protein using the formula:

M = mass / moles

M = 0.02885 g / 0.0386 mol

M ≈ 0.746 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of the unknown protein is approximately 0.746 g/mol.

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What products are formed in the following reaction

What products are formed in the following reaction

Answers

The correct product from this reaction is the structure in option D.

What is a secondary amine?

An amine is a compound that contains an alkyl group and an amino group. We know that we can obtain an amine from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl groups.

The compound as shown here is a secondary amine because two hydrogen atoms have been replaced with alkyl groups. We know that the reaction between the HCl and the amine produces an ionic compound owing to the fact that the nitrogen and the hydrogen from HCl are involved in a Dative bond.

As such, the correct product from this reaction is the structure in option D.

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Calculate the mass of ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S in 3.00 L of a 0.0200 M solution.

Answers

The mass of (NH4) 2S in the solution is : Mass = 0.0600 mol × 60.08 g/mol = 3.60 g.

The given molarity and volume of the solution can be used to calculate the number of moles of ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S.Then, the number of moles can be converted to mass using the molar mass of (NH4)2S.Mass of ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S in 3.00 L of a 0.0200 M solution is given by : Mass = moles × molar mass.The number of moles of (NH4)2S can be found using the equation:Molarity = Number of moles / Volume.Rearranging this equation, we get:Number of moles = Molarity × Volume Number of moles of (NH4)2S = 0.0200 M × 3.00 L.Number of moles of (NH4)2S = 0.0600 mol.The molar mass of (NH4)2S can be calculated by summing the molar masses of ammonium (NH4) and sulfide (S) ions.Molar mass of (NH4)2S = (2 × Molar mass of NH4) + Molar mass of S= (2 × 14.01 g/mol) + 32.06 g/mol= 60.08 g/mol.

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True or False

Quantum mechanics tells us the exact location of an electron

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

It is impossibke to know the exact location of an electron.

a graduated cylinder contains 17.5 ml of water. When a metal cube is placed onto the cylinder, its water level rises to 20.3ml. calculate the density

find the density of the cube dropped into the graduated cylinder

Answers

The density of the metal cube will be .its mass divided by 2.8.

Density

The density of a substance is the ratio of the weight of the substance and its volume.

Also, a solid object will always displace its own volume when dropped into a liquid.

Thus, the volume of the metal cube will be the difference in the readings of the graduated cylinder before and after dropping the metal cube into it.

Volume of the metal cube = 20.3 mL - 17.5 mL

                                      = 2.8 mL

The mass of the metal cube is not given.

Thus

Density of the cube = mass of the cube/2.8

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Students created the electromagnet you see here on the left. Mary's group had some bar magnets on the lab bench and brought one close to the electromagnet. Based on the illustration you see here, determine which statement is not correct. ( DO NOT GIVE ME A PATHETIC ANSWER)

Answers

Answer:

bro Ur in my school lol

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

There will be no attractive or repulsive force between the two types of magnets. its A i took this quiz and got it correct. ^^

what is the last letter letter that comes after this word in chemistry​

what is the last letter letter that comes after this word in chemistry

Answers

the answer is Ethane

hope it helps...!!!

the answer is Ethane

hope it helps...!!!

Bài 1. Lập phương trình hóa học của các phản ứng sau:
a, Cho kẽm tác dụng với khí oxi thu được kẽm oxit ( ZnO)

Answers

phương trình: 2Zn+O2->2ZnO

Calculate the equivalent weight of 4-toluic acid (CH3C6H4COOH).

Answers

To calculate the equivalent weight of 4-toluic acid (CH3C6H4COOH), you first need to find its molecular weight. The molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in the molecule.

For 4-toluic acid:
Carbon (C) = 8 atoms × 12.01 g/mol = 96.08 g/mol
Hydrogen (H) = 8 atoms × 1.01 g/mol = 8.08 g/mol
Oxygen (O) = 2 atoms × 16.00 g/mol = 32.00 g/mol

Now, add the weights together:
96.08 g/mol + 8.08 g/mol + 32.00 g/mol = 136.16 g/mol

The equivalent weight is the molecular weight divided by the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms in the acid, which in the case of 4-toluic acid is 1 (from the -COOH group):

Equivalent weight = 136.16 g/mol / 1 = 136.16 g/mol

So, the equivalent weight of 4-toluic acid is 136.16 g/mol.

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Solid sodium reacts with liquid water to form hydrogen gas according to the equation
2 Na(s) + 2 H₂O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)
What is the pressure (in atm) of hydrogen gas in the 20.0 L headspace of a reactor vessel when 3.36 kg sodium is reacted with excess water at 50.0 °C?

Answers

The pressure (in atm) of hydrogen gas in the 20.0 L headspace of a reactor vessel when 3.36 kg sodium is reacted with excess water at 50.0 °C can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are related by the equation PV = nRT, where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.

To calculate the pressure of the hydrogen gas, we first need to determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas produced by the reaction. We can do this by using the balanced chemical equation for the reaction, which is 2 Na(s) + 2 H₂O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H₂(g).

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of sodium that react, 1 mole of hydrogen gas is produced. Therefore, if 3.36 kg of sodium is reacted with excess water, the number of moles of hydrogen gas produced is 3.36 kg / (22.99 g/mol) = 146.4 moles.

Next, we need to convert the temperature of the gas from degrees Celsius to Kelvin. This can be done by adding 273.15 to the temperature in Celsius, which gives us a temperature of 50.0 + 273.15 = 323.15 K.

Now that we have the number of moles of hydrogen gas and the temperature of the gas, we can plug these values into the ideal gas law equation to calculate the pressure of the hydrogen gas:

P = (nRT) / V

P = (146.4 mol * 0.08206 L*atm / mol*K * 323.15 K) / 20.0 L

P = 4.31 atm

Therefore, the pressure (in atm) of hydrogen gas in the 20.0 L headspace of a reactor vessel when 3.36 kg sodium is reacted with excess water at 50.0 °C is 4.31 atm.

PLEASE help — I’m failing!

Determine each of the following for a 4.23 x 10-3 M solution of HCl:
a. H3o+
b. OH-
c. pH
d. pOH

Answers

Answer:

a.

\([H _{3}O {}^{ + } ] = 4.23 \times {10}^{ - 3} M\)

b.

\([OH {}^{ - } ] = \frac{kw}{[H {}^{ + } ]} \\ [OH {}^{ - } ] = \frac{1 \times {10}^{ - 14} }{4.23 \times {10}^{ - 3} } \\ [OH {}^{ - } ] = 2.36 \times {10}^{ - 12} M\)

c.

\(pH = - log[H {}^{ + } ] \\ pH = - log(4.23 \times {10}^{ - 3} ) \\ pH = 2.37\)

d.

\(pOH = - log[OH {}^{ - } ] \\ = - log(2.36 \times {10}^{ - 12} ) \\ = 11.63\)

Describe the composition of calcite

Answers

Answer:

CaCO3

Explanation:

Pure calcite has the composition CaCO3. However, the calcite in limestone often contains a few percent of magnesium. Calcite in limestone is divided into low-magnesium and high-magnesium calcite, with the dividing line placed at a composition of 4% magnesium. High-magnesium calcite retains the calcite mineral structure, which is distinct from that of dolomite, MgCa(CO3)2.[18] Calcite can also contain small quantities of iron and manganese.[19] Manganese may be responsible for the fluorescence of impure calcite, as may traces of organic compounds

what are the 5 similarities between acid and alkalis ​

Answers

Explanation:

Acids and alkalis both contain ions. Acids contain lots of hydrogen ions, which have the symbol H+. Alkalis contain lots of hydroxide ions, symbol OH-. Water is neutral because the number of hydrogen ions is equal to the number of hydroxide ions

Answer:

cids and bases both react with water and a lot of acids and bases are soluble in nature. Both acids and bases are electrolytes which means that they're good conductors of electricity. Acids and bases both produce ions in water solution. Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) whereas Bases release hydroxide ions (OH–).

Explanation:

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