What is a chemical change?

A. melting ice B. boiling water
C. a candle burning D. frost forming inside a freezer.
E. none above

The correct answer is B: Temperature and activation energy are the factors that affect the rate constant according to the Arrhenius equation.

According to the Arrhenius equation, which describes the relationship between the rate constant (k) of a chemical reaction and temperature, changing the factors of temperature and activation energy will affect the rate constant.

The Arrhenius equation is given by:

k = A * e^(-Ea/RT),

where k is the rate constant, A is the pre-exponential factor or the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.

From the equation, it is evident that the rate constant is directly influenced by temperature and activation energy. Increasing the temperature results in a higher rate constant, as the exponential term in the equation becomes larger. This is because higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to the reacting molecules, leading to more frequent successful collisions and increased reaction rates.

Similarly, the activation energy affects the rate constant. A higher activation energy results in a lower rate constant, as the exponential term becomes smaller. Activation energy represents the energy barrier that reactant molecules must overcome to form products. A higher activation energy implies a slower reaction rate. option(B)

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The partial pressure of O2 in the gas mixture is 7.91 atm.

Using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, the total number of moles of gas in the mixture would be:

Moles of N2 in the mixture = 0.270 x 0.560 = 0.1512 mol

Moles of CO2 in the mixture: n = PV/RT

                          = 0.350x2/0.0821 x273

                          = 0.00498 mol

Moles of O2 = Total moles - moles of N2 - moles of CO2

                     = 0.560 mol - 0.1512 mol - 0.00498 mol

                      = 0.404 mol

Now we can use the ideal gas law to find the partial pressure of O2:

P = nRT/V

  = (0.404)(0.0821)(273) / 2

  = 7.91 atm

Therefore, the partial pressure of O2 in the mixture is 7.91 atm.

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Answer:

The image represents liquid

The highest electric force exerted by charges -4 ×10⁻⁵ C and 3 ×10⁻⁵ C  placed 0.5 m apart is equal to 43.15 N.

The lowest electric force exerted by charges 3 ×10⁻⁵ C and 3 ×10⁻⁵ C  placed 1 m apart is equal to 8.10 N.

According to Coulomb’s law, the force of attraction between two charges is equal to the product of their charges and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This electric force applies along the line joining the two charges.

The magnitude of the electric force can be written as follows:

\(\displaystyle F = k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}\)

where k is constant proportionality = 8.99 × 10⁹ N.m²/C².

Given the charge on one point charge, q₁ =  4 ×10⁻⁵ C

The charge on the other point charge, q₂ = - 3 × 10⁻⁵C

The distance between these two charges, r = 0.5 m

The magnitude of electric force between the charges  will be:

\(\displaystyle F = 8.99\times 10^{9}\times \frac{4\times 10^{-5}\times 3\times 10^{-5}}{(0.5)^2}\)

F = 43.15 N

Given the charge on one point charge, q₁ =  3 ×10⁻⁵ C

The charge on the other point charge, q₂ = 3 × 10⁻⁵C

The distance between these two charges, r = 1 m

The magnitude of force between the charges will be:

\(\displaystyle F = 8.99\times 10^{9}\times \frac{3\times 10^{-5}\times 3\times 10^{-5}}{(1)^2}\)

F = 8.1 N

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Answer: NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

Xeriscaping is a landscaping approach that focuses on conserving water by using drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation techniques. The goal is to create a visually appealing and sustainable garden while minimizing water usage.

Successful xeriscaping projects involve several key elements. Firstly, careful plant selection is crucial, opting for species that can thrive in arid conditions without excessive watering. Mulching is used to reduce evaporation and retain soil moisture.

Proper soil preparation, such as improving drainage and adding organic matter, promotes healthier plant growth. Efficient irrigation systems, like drip irrigation or soaker hoses, deliver water directly to plant roots, minimizing wastage.

Additionally, controlling erosion through the use of retaining walls or terracing is important. Lastly, regular maintenance, including appropriate pruning and weed control, ensures the longevity and vitality of the xeriscape garden. Overall, a successful xeriscaping project harmonizes sustainable practices with a beautiful outdoor environment.

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The empirical formula of the carboxylic acid is C₃H₆O₂.

For determination of the empirical formula of the carboxylic acid.

As you know, one mole of water, contains 2 moles of hydrogen. This means that the percent composition of hydrogen in water will be

2× 1.00794 g/mol / 18.015 g/mol × 100 = 11.19% H

What this means is that every 100 g of water will contain  11.19 g of hydrogen. In your case, the 0.2349-g  sample of water will contain  

0.2349 g water⋅ 11.19 g H / 100 g water = 0.026285 g H

Similarly, one mole of carbon dioxide, CO₂, contains one mole of carbon. The percent composition of carbon in carbon dioxide will be

1 ×12.011 g/mol / 44.01 g/mol × 100 = 27.29% C

Once again, this tells you that every 100 g of carbon dioxide will contain

27.29 g of carbon. In your case, you will have

0.5706g H₂O ⋅ 27.29 g C /100g H₂O = 0.15572 g C

The mass of carbon + hydrogen originally present in the carboxylic acid sample will be

m C + H = 0.026285 g + 0.15572 g =0.18201 g

The initial mass of the sample was equal to 0.3200 g. This tells you that the sample also contains oxygen

m oxygen = 0.3200 g −0.18201 g = 0.13799 g O

So, now that you know how many grams of each element were present in the initial sample, use their molar masses to convert these to moles

For C: 0.15572g /12.011g/mol = 0.012965 moles C

For H:  0.026285 g/1.00794g/mol = 0.026078 moles H

For O:  0.13799g/15.9994g/ mol = 0.0086247 moles O

Now, to get the compound's empirical formula, you need to find the smallest whole number ratio that exists between the number of moles of each element in the compound.

To do that, divide these values by the smallest one to get

For C:  0.012965 moles / 0.0086247 moles = 1.5032 ≈ 1.5

For H: 0.026078moles /0.0086247 moles =3.0236≈ 3

For O:  0.0086247moles /0.0086247 moles = 1

This means that you have

C₁.₅H₃O₁

Since you're looking for the smallest whole number ratio that exists between the elements, multiply each subscript by 2 to get

C₁.₅H₃O₁ * 2 = C₃H₆O₂

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The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

2NaOH(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)₂(s)

Chemical equations are representations of chemical reactions using symbols and formula of the reactants and products.

The reactants are located on the left side while the products are located on the right side.

Reactants —> Products

The balancing of chemical equations follows the law of conservation of matter which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.

Sodium hydroxide => NaOH

Iron (II) chloride => FeCl₂

2NaOH(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)₂(s)

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One molecule of propanol contains only one -OH group and not three -OH groups or three -CH3 groups.

The -OH group is attached to the central carbon atom and makes propanol a useful solvent and intermediate in organic chemistry.Propanol is a colorless liquid that belongs to the family of alcohols. It has the formula C3H8O, and it contains three carbon atoms, eight hydrogen atoms, and one hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to one of the carbons. One molecule of propanol contains only one -OH group, which is attached to the central carbon atom.

Thus, option (2) is the correct answer, and the other options are incorrect.The -OH group in propanol is responsible for its unique chemical and physical properties. It makes propanol soluble in water and other polar solvents and gives it a high boiling point of around 97°C. The hydroxyl group can also participate in chemical reactions, such as esterification, dehydration, oxidation, and reduction. For example, propanol can be oxidized to form propanal and then propanoic acid, which is a useful synthetic intermediate for many organic compounds.Apart from the -OH group, propanol also contains two other functional groups called methyl groups (-CH3). These are attached to the two carbon atoms adjacent to the central carbon. However, the question only asks about the number of -OH groups in propanol, so the methyl groups are irrelevant.
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Answer:

A salt bridge or ion bridge, in electrochemistry, is a laboratory device used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a galvanic cell (voltaic cell), a type of electrochemical cell. It maintains electrical neutrality within the internal circuit.

Explanation:

Answer:

Salt Bridge

Explanation:

A salt bridge or ion bridge, in electrochemistry, is a laboratory device used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a galvanic cell (voltaic cell), a type of electrochemical cell. It maintains electrical neutrality within the internal circuit

Answer: A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.

Explanation:

Answer:

in this reaction na got oxidized and got reduced, therefore, in a redox reaction, the reactants get both oxidized and reduced

Base: Water, b. \(HCN\) Acid Base \(OH-\) , c. Base: I- Acid:\(HgI2\) . Chemical substances known as acids have the ability to donate a proton \((H+)\) to a base or another molecule.

Chemical substances known as acids have the ability to donate a proton \((H+)\)  to a base or another molecule. They have a sour flavour, have the power to dissolve metals, and can make litmus paper turn red. On the pH scale, where 7 is neutral and lower numbers indicate higher acidity, acids have a pH below 7. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid are a few typical examples of acids. Acids are essential for many chemical processes, such as digestion, the creation of energy, and the synthesis of numerous significant chemicals. Also, they are employed in a number of sectors, such as industry, food production, and agriculture.

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see the picture attached to my answer

Answer:

\(K_{2} O+2HNO_{3}--> 2K_{2} NO_{3} + H_{2} O\)

Explanation:

Answer:

I think that the fire will continue burning, because the oil and water don't mix and the water is heavier (denser) than oil, so the oil will go up and the fire with it. That's why because the gas station have sand instead of water

Water is heavier than oil. Because oil is lighter and immiscible with water, it will form a separate layer above the surface of the water and continue to burn when water is poured on a large oil fire. As a result, the fire won't be put out.

A small amount of water will instantly sink to the bottom of a pan or deep fryer filled with hot, burning oil and explode there. The Scientific American claims that the characteristics of oils explain why they do not mix with water.

Oil or petroleum-related fires cannot be put out with water. Water sinks below the oil because it is heavier than oil and does not float, allowing the fire to continue to burn. Oil and petroleum fires can be put out with fire extinguishers or sand.

The temperature of the burning substance is lowered by water. The fire goes out when the temperature drops below the burning substance's ignition temperature. Here, the water serves as an acclimatizer.

Thus,  it will form a separate layer above the surface of the water and continue to burn when water is poured on a large oil fire.

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Answer:

CaS + 2H2O is the balanced equation

This representation suggests that the element is phosphorus (P) with a mass number of 30, which is incorrect. The correct mass number for phosphorus is approximately 30.97. The incorrect representation for a neutral atom is 36Li

To determine the correct representation for a neutral atom, we need to consider the atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of the element. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus, while the mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons.

Let's analyze the given representations:

36Li:

This representation suggests that the element is lithium (Li) with a mass number of 36, which is incorrect. The correct mass number for lithium is approximately 6.94.

613C:

This representation suggests that the element is carbon (C) with a mass number of 13, which is correct. Carbon has different isotopes, and 13C represents one of its stable isotopes.

3063Cu:

This representation suggests that the element is copper (Cu) with a mass number of 63, which is correct. Copper has different isotopes, and 63Cu represents one of its stable isotopes.

1530P:

This representation suggests that the element is phosphorus (P) with a mass number of 30, which is incorrect. The correct mass number for phosphorus is approximately 30.97.

Therefore, the incorrect representation for a neutral atom is 36Li, as it does not match the known properties of lithium.

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The mass of Aluminum Sulfate is 5.373 grams if you have \(2.837*10^{26\) atoms of Sulfur .

The molecular formula of Aluminum Sulfate is \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) In one molecule of aluminum sulfate, there are 3 sulfur atoms. To calculate the mass of aluminum sulfate, follow the steps below:

Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of aluminum sulfate using the periodic table.Al = 27.0 g/molS = 32.1 g/molO = 16.0 g/mol

(2 × Al) + (3 × S) + (12 × O) = molar mass of \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) = 342.2 g/mol

Step 2: Find the number of moles of sulfur in the given number of atoms of sulfur.2\(2.837*10^{26\) atoms of sulfur × 1 mol S/\(6.022 * 10^{23\)atoms S = 0.0470 mol S

Step 3: Use the molar ratio of sulfur to aluminum sulfate to calculate the number of moles of aluminum sulfate.1 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) / 3 mol S = 0.333 mol\(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) per mol S0.0470 mol S × 0.333 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)/mol S = 0.0157 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)

Step 4: Calculate the mass of aluminum sulfate.0.0157 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) × 342.2 g/mol\(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)= 5.373 g\(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)

Therefore, the mass of Aluminum Sulfate is 5.373 grams if you have \(2.837*10^{26\) atoms of Sulfur.

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The statement "All organic compounds contain the element carbon, but not all compounds containing the element 'carbon' are organic" can be justified based on the definition and characteristics of organic compounds.

Organic compounds are compounds primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, often with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These compounds are typically associated with living organisms and are known for their unique properties and behavior, including the ability to form complex structures, exhibit covalent bonding, and undergo organic reactions.

On the other hand, there are compounds that contain carbon but are not classified as organic. One notable example is carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)), which is a simple inorganic compound composed of carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide does not possess the characteristic properties of organic compounds, such as the ability to form long chains or undergo organic reactions.

Additionally, there are inorganic compounds like carbonates (such as calcium carbonate) and carbides (such as calcium carbide) that contain carbon but are not considered organic. These compounds have distinct chemical and physical properties different from those of organic compounds.

In summary, while all organic compounds contain carbon, not all compounds containing carbon are organic. The classification of a compound as organic or inorganic depends on its overall molecular structure, bonding, and characteristic properties.

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Answer:

From the given equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of Al, we get 3 moles of H2

So, we can say the the number of moles of H2 is 3/2 times the number of moles of Al

We are given the number of moles of Al and we have to find the number of moles of H2

We have deduced the relationship:

Moles of Al * 3 / 2 = Moles of H2

Replacing the variables with given values

3.5 * 3 / 2 = Moles of H2

Moles of H2 = 5.25 moles

Answer:

24,901 x 1609.34 = 40074275

40074275/100 equals

400742.75 s

divided by 3600

111.31

Explanation:

The mass of CCl₄ the would be formed if 19.2 g of methane react with 107 g  of chlorine gas is 58.0 g

To determine the mass CCl₄ that will be formed,

First, we will write the balanced equation of reaction properly

CH₄(g) +4Cl₂(g) → CCl₄(g) + 4HCl(g)

This means that, 1 mole of CH₄ would react with 4 moles of Cl₂ to yield 1 mole of CCl₄ and 4 moles of HCl

Now, we will determine the number of moles of methane and that of chlorine gas present.

From the question,

mass of methane = 19.2 g

From the formula

\(Number \ of \ moles = \frac{Mass}{Molar \ mass}\)

Molar mass of methane = 16.04 g/mol

∴ \(Number \ of \ moles \ of \ methane = \frac{19.2}{16.04}\)

\(Number \ of \ moles \ of \ methane = 1.197 \ moles\)

For Chlorine

Mass of chlorine = 107 g

Molar mass of chlorine gas = 70.90 g/mol

∴ \(Number \ of \ moles \ of \ chlorine = \frac{107}{70.90}\)

\(Number \ of \ moles \ of \ chlorine = 1.509 \ moles\)

Now, since 1 mole of methane (CH₄) is required to react with 4 moles of chlorine (Cl₂),

Then,

\(\frac{1.509}{4}\) moles of methane will react completely with 1.509 moles of chlorine

∴ Only 0.37725 moles of the methane will react with the 1.509 moles of chlorine.

This means methane is the excess reagent and chlorine is the limiting reagent.

Now, from the balanced chemical equation of the reaction,

1 mole of CH₄ would react with 4 moles of Cl₂ to yield 1 mole of CCl₄

∴ 0.37725 moles of methane will react with the 1.509 moles of chlorine to yield 0.37725 moles of CCl₄

This means 0.37725 moles of CCl₄ was produced during the reaction.

Now, we will determine the mass of CCl₄ produced

From the formula

Mass = Number of moles × Molar mass

Molar mass of CCl₄ = 153.81 g/mol

∴ Mass of CCl₄ produced = 0.37725 × 153.81

Mass of CCl₄ produced = 58.0248

Mass of CCl₄ produced ≅ 58.0 g

Hence, the mass of CCl₄ the would be formed if 19.2 g of methane react with 107 g  of chlorine gas is 58.0 g

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C. 51.5%  is the percent yield for the reaction below when 364 g SO2 and 42.0 g O2 produce 408 g SO3

The actual yield is determined by calculating the quantity of the product created. We can estimate the percentage yield by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical value. The percentage yield is the difference between the quantity of product that was actually created and the maximum calculated yield.

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2SO3(g)

SO₂ mass => 364g

O₂ mass => 42g

SO3 mass => 408g

Theoretical yield of SO3:

mole of  O₂ => 42g/32g => 1.31

according to the chemical equation:

1 mole of oxygen => 2 moles of SO3

1.31 mole O2 => x moles of SO3

x=> 2 x 1.31 => 2.62

Hence, the mass of SO3 => 2.62 x 80.06 => 209.75g

The percentage of yield => Actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

                                  => 209.75/408 x 100 => 51.45 => 51.5%

The theoretical yield is the yield that is derived using a balanced chemical reaction. What you actually acquire from a chemical reaction is the actual yield.

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1. The IUPAC name of N is nitrogen.

2. Nitrogen dioxide

3.The IUPAC name of O is oxygen

4.The IUPAC name of OH is hydroxyl.

The IUPAC name of ·0 is a radical. It is commonly found in organic chemistry and plays an important role in many reactions.

IUPAC names for the given compounds are:1.1. N: Nitrogen

The IUPAC name of N is nitrogen.

It is a non-metal and belongs to group 15 in the periodic table. It has an electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p3.1.2. NO2: Nitrogen dioxide

Explanation: NO2 is a chemical compound that is formed by the combination of nitrogen and oxygen. It is a reddish-brown gas that has a pungent odor.

The IUPAC name of NO2 is nitrogen dioxide.1.3. O: Oxygen

Explanation: The IUPAC name of O is oxygen.

It is a non-metal and belongs to group 16 in the periodic table. It has an electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p4.

X: UnknownExplanation: No IUPAC name can be given to an unknown compound as the structure and composition are not known.

Y: Hydroxyl Explanation: The IUPAC name of OH is hydroxyl.

It is a functional group that is composed of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom (-OH). It is commonly found in alcohols and phenols. ·0: RadicalExplanation: A radical is a molecule or an ion that contains an unpaired electron.

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Note: The complete question is given below

Provide the IUPAC names for the following compounds:

\(CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3\)

C6H5CH(CH3)2

H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

CH3CH2CH2CHOHCH3

123 g sample of water is heated from 52 °c to 87 °c, then heat energy that were used to heat the water is 4281 calories.

Heat energy is the result of movement of tiny particles - atoms, molecules or ions in solids, liquids and gases.

Q = m * c * ΔT

Q is amount of heat energy (in calories), m is mass of the substance (in grams), c is specific heat capacity of the substance (in calories/gram-degree Celsius), and ΔT is change in temperature (in degrees Celsius).

For water, specific heat capacity is 1 calorie/gram-degree Celsius, so we  substitute the values given in the problem and solve for Q:

Q = (123 g) * (1 cal/g°C) * (87°C - 52°C) = 4281 calories

Therefore, 4281 calories of heat energy were used to heat the water.

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Answer: 6 valence electrons

Explanation: the atomic number for oxygen is 8. the first shell takes 2, the second 8. so, the outer shell is the last shell, which takes 6 from oxygen because oxygen has only 8.  6 is the number for outer or valence electron for oxygen

Answer:

B

Explanation:

took the test

D. It should have a half-life much longer than the age of the object being dated. When using isotopes for dating purposes, it is important to choose an isotope with a half-life that is significantly longer than the age of the object being dated.

The half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive isotopes in a sample to decay into stable isotopes. By measuring the ratio of the original radioactive isotope to the decay product, scientists can determine the age of the object.

The majority of the radioactive material would have decayed if the isotope had a half-life substantially less than the age of the artefact, making it challenging to precisely establish the age.

On the other hand, the dating procedure would become more challenging and unpredictable if the isotope in the object being dated (option C) has a half-life that varies over time.

As a result, an isotope with a long half-life offers a stronger basis for precise dating since it enables sufficient radioactive decay to take place, producing quantifiable and trustworthy data.

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