What hormones are released by adipose tissue?
Answers
Adipose tissue releases hormones known as adipokines, which play essential roles in metabolism and energy balance. Some notable adipokines include leptin, which regulates appetite and energy expenditure, and adiponectin, which improves insulin sensitivity and has anti-inflammatory effects.
Adipokines (also called adipocytokines) are cell-signaling molecules (cytokines) produced by the adipose tissue that play functional roles in the energy/metabolic status of the body, inflammation, obesity, etc. Notable examples of adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6, and tissue necrosis factor. A specific combination of adipokines, in addition to a dose-dependent environment, may cause the end-point impact. In the context of the adipokine alterations seen in disorders like metabolic syndrome and obesity, adipokines-cartilage interactions should also be taken into account. Adipokines have complex effects. Accordingly, some adipokines, such as omentin-1 and adiponectin, are cardioprotective, while others, like resistin and activin A, are harmful (Venteclef et al., 2015). Some even have actions that are opposite depending on concentration, like leptin and apelin.
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Related Questions
PLEASE HELP
For autosomal disorders, which chromosome cannot be involved? 0 21st chromosome ist chromosome O X chromosome 5th chromosome
Answers
Answer:
X-linked dominant disorders are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell.
abiotic components of an ecosystem include a. only animal life b. only plant life c. living components only d. nonliving components only e. both living and nonliving components
Answers
The abiotic components of an ecosystem include:
D. Nonliving components only
Abiotic components are the nonliving factors that influence and shape an ecosystem. These can include temperature, sunlight, water, air, soil, and minerals. They play a crucial role in the functioning and dynamics of the ecosystem.
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notch is a receptor protein displayed on the surface of certain cells in developing fruit fly embryos. notch’s ligand is a membrane-bound protein called delta that is displayed on the surface of adjacent cells. when notch is activated by its ligand, the intracellular tail of the notch protein becomes separated from the rest of the protein. this allows the intracellular tail to move to the cell’s nucleus and alter the expression of specific genes.
Answers
Delta's role in regulating cell communication through the Notch signaling pathway is that Delta restricts cell communication to short distances within a developing embryo.
What is cell communication?Chemical signals are typically used by cells to communicate. These chemical signals, which are proteins or other molecules made by the sending cell and released into the extracellular space, are frequently secreted by the cell. They can then travel to nearby cells by floating there, much like messages in a bottle.
During the development of fruit fly embryos, the receptor protein notch is visible on the surface of some cells. The protein delta, which is membrane-bound and expressed on the surface of neighboring cells, is the ligand for the notch. The intracellular tail of the notch protein separates from the rest of the protein when notch is activated by its ligand. Consequently, the intracellular tail can move to the cell's nucleus and change the way some genes are expressed.
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What are the impacts of the Prdue Pharma OxyContin scandal. Please provide detailed answers with references from the scandal in an orderly manner. Please mostly focus on the impacts related to the case not history.
Advanced Accounting
Answers
The impacts of the Purdue Pharma OxyContin scandal include increased opioid addiction and overdose deaths, legal consequences and financial penalties, loss of trust and reputation, increased scrutiny and regulation of opioid prescribing, and a focus on prevention, treatment, and harm reduction.
The Purdue Pharma OxyContin scandal had significant impacts, including the following:
Increase in opioid addiction and overdose deaths: OxyContin, a powerful opioid painkiller, was aggressively marketed by Purdue Pharma, contributing to the opioid crisis in the United States. The scandal led to a surge in opioid addiction rates and a sharp increase in overdose deaths.Legal consequences and financial penalties: Purdue Pharma faced numerous lawsuits and legal actions from individuals, states, and the federal government. In 2020, the company pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to pay billions of dollars in fines and settlements.Loss of trust and reputation: The scandal severely damaged the reputation and public trust in Purdue Pharma as well as the pharmaceutical industry as a whole. The deceptive marketing practices employed by the company undermined the credibility of the company and its claims regarding the safety and efficacy of OxyContin.Increased scrutiny and regulation of opioid prescribing: The scandal prompted increased scrutiny and regulation of opioid prescribing practices by healthcare providers and government agencies. It led to the implementation of stricter guidelines, monitoring programs, and prescribing restrictions to curb the overprescribing and misuse of opioids.Focus on prevention, treatment, and harm reduction: The OxyContin scandal highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach to address opioid addiction, including increased efforts in prevention, access to evidence-based treatment, and harm reduction strategies such as naloxone distribution and syringe exchange programs.It is important to note that the impacts of the Purdue Pharma OxyContin scandal are ongoing, and efforts to address the consequences and prevent future harm are still being pursued. The references for detailed information on this topic can be found in various news articles, investigative reports, legal documents, and government reports related to the Purdue Pharma OxyContin scandal.
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arrange the following steps of a direct elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in chronological order: a. incubate with antibody-enzyme complex that binds primary antibody b. coat surface with antigen, block unoccupied sites with nonspecific protein c. add substrate, formation of colored product indicates presence of specific antigen d. incubate with primary antibody against specific antigen
Answers
The chronological order of the steps in a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is as follows:
b. Coat surface with antigen, block unoccupied sites with nonspecific protein: In this step, the surface of the ELISA plate or well is coated with the specific antigen of interest. The unoccupied sites are then blocked using a nonspecific protein (e.g., BSA) to prevent non-specific binding.
d. Incubate with primary antibody against specific antigen: The sample containing the antigen of interest is added to the well and allowed to incubate. The primary antibody, which specifically recognizes the antigen, is also added and allowed to bind to the antigen.
a. Incubate with antibody-enzyme complex that binds primary antibody: An enzyme-linked secondary antibody that specifically binds to the primary antibody is added to the well and allowed to incubate. This antibody is conjugated with an enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
c. Add substrate, formation of colored product indicates presence of specific antigen: A substrate specific to the enzyme conjugated to the secondary antibody is added to the well. If the specific antigen is present in the sample, the enzyme linked to the secondary antibody will catalyze a reaction with the substrate, resulting in the formation of a colored product.
By arranging the steps in the order listed above (b-d-a-c), you would follow the chronological sequence of a direct ELISA.
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the binding of calcium to troponin a) causes cross-bridges to detach b) changes the shape of the thick filament c) moves tropomyosin away from binding sites d) initiates an action potential across the sarcolemma e) produces energy for the power strok
Answers
The correct answer is c) moves tropomyosin away from binding sites.
What happens when calcium binds to troponin?
Tropomyosin is eliminated from the binding sites when calcium binds to troponin, changing the structure of the protein. When a muscle cell is triggered, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases the calcium ions it has been holding in reserve, which allows the cross-bridge muscle contraction cycle to occur.
When troponin is activated, Ca2+ binds to it and causes azimuthal migration of tropomyosin around the actin filament, revealing the myosin binding sites and allowing the actin-myosin interaction that drives contraction.
Therefore, the binding of calcium to troponin moves tropomyosin away from the binding sites.
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Lupe is ready to open a checking account. what does she need to have when she goes to the bank?
Answers
Lupe is ready to open a checking account, she need to have when she goes to the bank are valid form of identification, social security number, and contact information
When Lupe goes to the bank to open a checking account, she will need to bring certain documents and information. Firstly, Lupe will need to bring a valid form of identification such as a driver's license or passport to verify her identity. Secondly, she will need to provide her social security number and contact information such as her address and phone number, this information is required for the bank to comply with federal regulations and to set up her account. Additionally, Lupe may need to bring funds to deposit into her new checking account, this can be in the form of cash, a check, or a money order.
The bank may also require a minimum deposit amount to open the account. It is important for Lupe to research and compare different checking account options and fees before choosing a bank to open an account with. Once she has gathered all necessary documents and information, Lupe can visit the bank in person or complete the account opening process online. So therefore valid form of identification, social security number, and contact information are documents Lupe need to have when she goes to the bank when she is ready to open a checking account,
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Which of the following best describes the function of the human nervous
system?
A. The nervous system transports oxygen and nutrients to the body's
tissues.
B. The nervous system protects the body against infection and helps
regulate body temperature.
C. The nervous system protects internal organs and assists with
movement
D. The nervous system collects and responds to information about
the internal and external environment.
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
the nervous system is made up of different types of neurons, your brain, and spinal cord. these recive and transmit information.
Feeding relationship that exist among organisms
Answers
Explanation:
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A company is growing algae in big tanks to make fish food. However, the algae is not growing very quickly, and they suspect either phosphorus, nitrogen, or iron is limiting. What could the company do to figure out which nutrient is limiting?a)Add phosphorus to one tank, nitrogen to another, and iron to a third, and see which treatment increases algal growth.b)Add phosphorus, iron, and nitrogen to all tanks, and see which nutrient increases algal growth.c)Add phosphorus to all tanks, because phosphorus is the nutrient that limits algal growth.d)Add nitrogen to all tanks, because nitrogen is the nutrient that limits algal growth.
Answers
Experiment
In this experiment, as the question the investigators are trying to answer is what component is the limiting one, it is necessary to test every one of them, independently. Therefore, the best option is to change the concentration of one of them and leave the rest unchanged. To accomplish this, would be necessary three different tanks, one for phosphorus, one for iron, and one for nitrogen (option A).
To determine which nutrient is limiting algal growth, the company can add phosphorus to one tank, nitrogen to another, and iron to a third, and see which treatment increases algal growth. Therefore, option A is correct.
By adding each nutrient separately to different tanks and observing the effects on algal growth, the company can identify which nutrient is limiting. If the addition of phosphorus to one tank leads to increased algal growth, it suggests that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient.
Similarly, if the addition of nitrogen or iron to their respective tanks results in increased algal growth, it indicates that nitrogen or iron, respectively, was the limiting nutrient. Thus, option A is correct.
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a chemist dissolves 469 mg of pure barium hydroxide in enough water to make 160 mL of solution. calculate the pH of the solution g
Answers
The pH of the solution is approximately 12.47.
To calculate the pH of the solution, we need to first determine the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution.
We can start by using the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
The molar mass of barium hydroxide is 171.34 g/mol. Converting 469 mg to grams:
469 mg = 0.469 g
So, the number of moles of barium hydroxide in the solution is:
moles Ba(OH)2 = 0.469 g / 171.34 g/mol = 0.00274 mol
Since barium hydroxide dissociates completely in water, we know that every mole of Ba(OH)2 will produce two moles of OH-. Therefore, the total number of moles of hydroxide ions in the solution is:
moles OH- = 2 x 0.00274 mol = 0.00548 mol
Next, we need to determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution. We can use the formula:
Molarity = moles solute / liters of solution
Converting 160 mL to liters:
160 mL = 0.16 L
So the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is:
[OH-] = 0.00548 mol / 0.16 L = 0.03425 M
Finally, we can calculate the pH of the solution using the formula:
pH = 14 - log([OH-])
pH = 14 - log(0.03425) = 12.47
Therefore, the pH of the solution is approximately 12.47.
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What best describes the radiation emitted from the sun?
A. It travels at different speeds
B. It is made up of one type of electromagnetic wave
C. It is made up only of yellow light
D. It is made up of different frequencies of light
Answers
Answer: B. Radiation emitted from the sun contains one type of electromagnetic wave .
What type of transport are exocytosis and endocytosis?
Answers
Answer:
Vesicle Transport.
short, sweet and correct
complete the sentences to review the characteristics of ideal antimicrobial drugs. The goal of antimicrobial therapy is to deliver a dg that wl destroy___ re- without harming the ____
Answers
To complete the sentence regarding the characteristics of ideal antimicrobial drugs: The goal of antimicrobial therapy is to deliver a drug that will destroy infectious microorganisms without harming the host.
Antimicrobial drugs are designed to combat infections caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
The primary goal of antimicrobial therapy is to selectively target and destroy these harmful agents while minimizing any adverse effects on the host (i.e., the patient). To achieve this, an ideal antimicrobial drug should have properties such as:
1. Selective toxicity: The drug should specifically target and kill or inhibit the growth of infectious agents without causing damage to the host cells.
2. Broad-spectrum activity: The drug should be effective against a wide range of infectious agents.
3. Minimal side effects: The drug should have few, if any, adverse effects on the host.
4. Good bioavailability: The drug should be easily absorbed and distributed within the body to reach the site of infection.
5. Minimal development of resistance: The drug should not easily lead to the development of resistant strains of microorganisms.
By meeting these criteria, ideal antimicrobial drugs can efficiently treat infections while minimizing harm to the patient.
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Which of the following answer choices BEST supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new elements will fail?
Answers
The answer choice which best supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new chemical elements will fail is that: (D) scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success.
What is a chemical element?A chemical element can be defined as a pure substance that comprises atoms having the same atomic number (number of protons) in its nuclei and as such, it is the primary constituent of matter. Also, a common characteristics for all chemical elements found on the periodic table is mass and volume.
In Chemistry, some examples of a chemical element include the following:
Carbon (C)Oxygen (O)Argon (Ar)Sodium (Na)Potassium (K)Mercury (Hg) Hydrogen (H)Zinc (Zn)In this scenario, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that a statement which indicates that an attempt by scientists to create new chemical elements will fail is stating that "scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success." because an experiment to create new chemical elements must be tested and they all should have multiple successful results.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following answer choices BEST supports the idea that most attempts by scientists to create new elements will fail?
(A) Scientists have to create a target with a carefully chosen atom; this is a process that takes months.
(B) Scientists have to smash atoms together and get them to stick; a positive charge makes them repel each other.
(C) Scientists have to bombard particles with specific protons; specialized atoms combine with neutrons.
(D) Scientists have to repeat their experiments an enormous number of times; if it works once it's seen as a success
scientists have estimated that it takes yeast cells approximately 20 hours to complete the entire cycle. table 1 shows the amount of time in each phase of the life cycle for yeast cells.
Answers
The yeast cells spend 5 hours out of a total of 20 hours in SS phase, which is 25%. scientists have estimated that it takes yeast cells approximately 20 hours to complete the entire cycle. table 1 shows the amount of time in each phase of the life cycle for yeast cells.
The yeast life cycle, like that of all higher organisms, includes a step known as meiosis, wherein pairs of chromosomes separate to provide new combinations of genetic traits. Ascomycetes, consisting of baker's yeast, are famous for genetics research because the ascospores they produce in every ascus are the products of meiosis.indeed, the classical budding yeast existence cycle includes an alternation between diploid and haploid phases, wherein diploid cells proliferate mitotically under nutrient rich conditions and go through meiosis while nutrients grow to be limited to supply tetrads composed of 4 haploid spores.
Newly purchased yeast (with proper buy-with the aid of date), can be saved in a cool place (pantry or cupboard), refrigerated, or frozen for up to 2 years. once the yeast is opened, it is exceptional stored inside the fridge to use inside four months, and 6 months – if saved within the freezer.
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Organisms that cause disease, such as bacteria or fungi, are considered is called ?
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Organisms that cause disease, such as bacteria or fungi, are generally referred to as pathogens.
What are pathogens?Pathogens are biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, that cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. These microorganisms can infect host organisms and interfere with normal cellular functions, causing a wide range of illnesses, from mild infections to severe and life-threatening diseases.
Pathogens can be transmitted through various routes, including contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, inhalation of infected droplets or aerosols, consumption of contaminated food or water, or bites from infected animals. Understanding the biology and transmission of pathogens is crucial to developing effective treatments and preventive measures to control the spread of infectious diseases.
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In prokaryotes what are the two main DNA polymerases involved in DNA replication
Answers
In prokaryotes, the two main DNA polymerases involved in DNA replication are DNA polymerase III (Pol III) and DNA polymerase I (Pol I).
Pol III is the primary polymerase responsible for elongating the new DNA strand during replication. It is a high-fidelity enzyme with proofreading capability, which helps to maintain the accuracy of DNA replication. Pol III works in conjunction with other proteins and enzymes to form the replisome, which is the molecular machine that carries out DNA replication.
Pol I, on the other hand, has a more diverse role in DNA metabolism. It is involved in several processes including the removal of RNA primers during replication, DNA repair, and the filling of gaps left by DNA synthesis. In addition, Pol I has low-fidelity polymerase activity, which allows it to incorporate nucleotides at sites of DNA damage, leading to mutations.
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This system gets rid of waste material
Answers
Answer: The excretory system gets rid of waste and excess water.
There are major organs tasked with removing toxic substances from your body organs are kidneys, and lungs
Explanation:
Kidneys: ( One pair of organs in the abdomen). The kidneys act as a filter for the strain of urea and excess salts from the blood as it flows through the body to release them in the urine. The urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder through two thin tubes of muscles known as ureters. The bladder's main function is to store urine. Lungs: (one of the pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body. Lungs bring fresh air (oxygen) into your body. and release carbon dioxide as well as unwanted materials. In respiration, food is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen by released oxygen.in
18
An unborn child receives
antibodies from its mum before
.birth
What type of immunity is this an
?example of
natural active immunity
artificial active immunity
natural passive immunity
artificial passive immunity
Answers
Answer:
d...........................
The Krebs cycle forms many products. Which option lists the correct products of the Krebs cycle after 1 molecule of glucose goes through it?
net 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 2 FADH
net 1 NADH, 1 ATP, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2
net 4 NADH, 4 ATP, 8 CO2, 4 FADH2
net 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 2 FADH2
Answers
Answer:
Net 2 NADH, 2 ATP , 4 CO2, 2 FADH2
Explanation:
The correct products of the Krebs cycle after 1 molecule of glucose is ( option 4 ) ; Net 2 NADH, 2 ATP , 4 CO2, 2 FADH2
The Krebs cycle is a cycle/series of chemical reactions utilized by aerobic organisms in the generation of energy that is stored in phosphate bonds (ATP) through oxidizing acetate ( gotten from carbohydrates, fats and protein) into \(CO_{2}\).
Hence when 1 molecule of glucose through the Krebs cycle the correct products will be Net 2 NADH, 2 ATP , 4 CO2, 2 FADH2
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Gene expression patterns can be used to test hypotheses based on morphology. For example, the regulatory gene Bapx1 is expressed in the hinge of the developing lower jaw in fishes and reptiles. Where would you predict Bapx1 expression to occur in mammals?
A. in the developing cheekbone
B. in the developing lower jaw
C. in the mature lower jaw
D. in the developing ear bones
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is option D. "in the developing ear bones".
Explanation:
The developing lower jaw of fishes and reptiles has a variety of bones that are joined together, forming the mandible that they use to eat their preys. Some bones in the developing lower jaw of fishes and reptiles are equivalent to the developing ear bones of mammals. Therefore we can predict that the Bapx1 expression in mammals will occur in the developing ear bones. About this evolutionary relationship, scientist Zhe-Xi Luo of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh states "Reptiles have [a] jaw full of ear bones from mammals and mammals have an ear full of jawbones of reptiles".
why is it called "hamburger" if there's no ham?
Answers
Answer:
Good question! Hamburgers actually get their name from Hamburg, Germany, home of a cut of beef called the Hamburg steak that eventually evolved into what we now consider hamburgers
how would your range of motion be affected if you lacked a sternocleidomastoid?
Answers
The sternocleidomastoid is an important muscle that helps with neck movement. If you lack this muscle, your range of motion would be limited.
What is the sternocleidomastoid?The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is a paired muscle that is located in the neck. It is one of the primary muscles that help to move the head and neck. The SCM is located on both sides of the neck and is attached to the sternum and the clavicle at one end and the mastoid process of the temporal bone at the other end.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle has several functions, including: Rotating the head from side to side, Bending the head from side to side, Flexing the neck, which means bringing the chin towards the chest, Extending the neck, which means bringing the head backwards. Therefore, if you lacked a sternocleidomastoid, your range of motion would be affected.
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Describe how urban development can increase flooding.
Answers
Answer:The changes in land use associated with urban development affect flooding in many ways. Removing vegetation and soil, grading the land surface, and constructing drainage networks increase runoff to streams from rainfall and snowmelt.
Explanation:
which selection is the proper form of scientific naming? (1 pt.) a. phylum species b. phylum species c. genus species d. genus species 2.
Answers
Answer: The proper form of scientific naming is c. genus species.
This is known as binomial nomenclature, and it is the system used for naming all living organisms. The genus is the first part of the name and is always capitalized, while the species is the second part of the name and is always lowercase.
For example, the scientific name for a human is Homo sapiens, with Homo being the genus and sapiens being the species. This system allows for accurate and consistent identification of organisms across different languages and regions.
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frequency which would be observed for a photon which leaves the surface of a neutron star
Answers
Answer:Most detected neutron stars are pulsars, and emit radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. About 700 radio pulsars are listed in the Princeton catalog, and all but one emit radio waves at the 400 MHz and 1400 MHz frequencies.
Explanation:
Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell? A. glucose B. ATP C. water D. O2
Answers
Answer: A. Glucose
Explanation:
Please HELP! (also just need the answer)!!!!
A student observes that she's always sleepy shortly after eating lunch, and she wants to be able to pay better attention in her mid-afternoon class. She tried doing 10 jumping jacks just before the class, but still felt sleepy around the middle of the class. The next day, she tried sipping water throughout the class and found that she could pay attention until the end of the class. The student now brings a water bottle to class.
Identify how this student applied the scientific method to solve her problem.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The scientific method
1. Make an observation.
2. Develop a hypothesis.
3. Test hypothesis by trying different experiements.
4. Collect data.
5. Determine if hypothesis is supported by data.
Observation Felt sleepy after eating lunch.
Hypothesis 1: Student wanted to be more alert for afternoon class and hypothesized exercise might make her feel alert to pay better attention in class.
Experimentation and data collection: Tried exercising before class to alleviated sleepiness but still felt sleepy.
Hypothesis 2: Student wanted to be more alert for afternoon class and hypothesized drinking water during class might make her feel alert.
Experimentation and data collection: Tried drinking water during class and discovered she felt more alert and was better able to pay attention in class.
Hypothesis supported through experimentation and data. Tried exercising and found it did not work. Tried drinking water and discovered it worked.
Which of the following best describes how the author feels about the construction companies
Answers
The author focuses on the relationship between design and construction and the processes involved in planning and implementing a facility.
The author's view appears to be objective and neutral, without any bias towards any particular group or organization.
What was the excerpt about?It's critical to understand how closely design and construction are related when planning facilities. The best way to think of these procedures is as an interconnected system.
Construction planning is the process of determining the activities and resources necessary to turn the design into a physical reality. Design, broadly speaking, is the process of developing the description of a new facility, typically represented by detailed plans and specifications.
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In the planning of facilities, it is important to recognize the close relationship between design and construction. These processes can best be viewed as an integrated system. Broadly speaking, design is a process of creating the description of a new facility, usually represented by detailed plans and specifications; construction planning is a process of identifying activities and resources required to make the design a physical reality. Hence, construction is the implementation of a design envisioned by architects and engineers. In both design and construction, numerous operational tasks must be performed with a variety of precedence and other relationships among the different tasks. What best describes how the author feels about the construction companies