what factors must you consider to determine the sign of δs for the reaction 2n2o(g) → 2n2(g) o2(g) if it occurs at constant temperature?
Answers
The factors that one must consider to determine the sign of δs for the reaction 2N2O(g) ⟶ 2N2(g) + O2(g) if it occurs at constant temperature are given below The sign of ΔS°rxn depends on the sign of the entropy change associated with the production of products from reactants.
The reaction is expected to be spontaneous if the change in entropy is positive. If the entropy change is negative, the reaction is not feasible spontaneously. To determine the sign of ΔS°rxn for a reaction, one must examine the entropy changes that occur when the reactants are converted into products. Consider of chemical reactions In the above chemical reaction, reactants 2N2O(g) are transformed into products N2(g) and O2(g). The entropy of the substances before and after the reaction is represented by ΔSrxn.ΔSrxn = ΔS°rxnΔS°rxn can be determined by using the equation below:ΔS°rxn = ΣS°(products) − ΣS°(reactants)S° is molar entropy, and Σ denotes the sum of all molar entropies. S° values for elements are measured as 0 J/mol· K, according to the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
The entropy of the compound can be determined by summing the molar entropy values of each element in the compound. To determine the sign of ΔSrxn, use the following guidelines If the number of moles of reactants is higher than the number of moles of products, the reaction's entropy change is negative, and the reaction is considered spontaneous in the reverse direction. This reaction is exothermic. If the number of moles of products is higher than the number of moles of reactants, the reaction's entropy change is positive, and the reaction is considered spontaneous. This reaction is endothermic .In this case, we can see that the number of moles of products is higher than the number of moles of reactants, hence the reaction is spontaneous.
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Related Questions
pls help this is for chemistry the CK-12 “Polyatomic Ions”
Answers
PLEASE HELP! NO LINKS!!
WILL MARK BRAINLYIST :)
The Periodic Table of Elements contains many patterns that help explain the characteristics of elements. Choose one pattern you have learned and explain what it tells us about elements.
Answers
Answer:
let's look at the far left column of the periodic table. this pattern tells us that these elements are the noble gases. Noble gas is all conduct electricity and they are all odorless and colorless. The Roman numeral above this column means that there is one free electron (valence electron) in the outer shell, except for helium which has two. That's why it's a different color from the rest in the same column.
what is the reason that substances combine and form a new product ? explain with the help of some example
Answers
Answer:Substances combine and form a new product because of chemical reactions. During a chemical reaction, the atoms of the reactants rearrange themselves to form new molecules with different properties. For example, when hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with chlorine gas (Cl2), they combine to form hydrogen chloride gas (HCl), which is a new product. The chemical reaction that occurs is:
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
In this reaction, the hydrogen and chlorine molecules break apart and then recombine to form hydrogen chloride. The properties of hydrogen chloride, such as its boiling point, melting point, and reactivity, are different from those of hydrogen and chlorine. This is because hydrogen chloride has a different chemical structure and different chemical properties than hydrogen and chlorine.
Chemical reactions occur because of the way atoms interact with each other. Atoms are always trying to achieve a more stable arrangement of electrons in their outermost energy level. When atoms combine to form new molecules, they can achieve a more stable electron configuration, which is energetically favorable. This is why chemical reactions occur and why substances combine to form new products.
The primary reasons that substances combine and undergo chemical reactions are:
Stability: Atoms and molecules tend to form more stable arrangements. Stability refers to achieving a lower energy state or a more favorable configuration. Some elements are highly reactive because their atoms are unstable in their pure form. By combining with other substances, they can achieve a more stable arrangement of atoms and a lower energy state. For example, sodium (Na) is a highly reactive metal that readily combines with chlorine (Cl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl), a stable compound commonly known as table salt.
Electron Configuration: Chemical reactions often involve the transfer, sharing, or redistribution of electrons between atoms. Atoms desire to achieve a more stable electron configuration, such as a full outer electron shell. Elements with incomplete electron shells are more likely to react with other elements to gain, lose, or share electrons. For instance, oxygen (O) has six electrons in its outer shell and can react with two hydrogen (H) atoms to form water (H2O) by sharing electrons. In the process, both oxygen and hydrogen achieve more stable electron configurations.
Formation of Bonds: Chemical reactions allow the formation of chemical bonds, which are forces of attraction that hold atoms together in compounds. Bonds are formed through the rearrangement and sharing of electrons between atoms. By forming bonds, atoms can achieve a lower energy state and increase stability. An example is the combination of carbon (C) and oxygen (O) to form carbon dioxide (CO2). The carbon and oxygen atoms share electrons to create covalent bonds, resulting in the formation of a new substance with different properties.
It's important to note that while substances combine and form new products through chemical reactions, the total number of atoms remains constant. This is known as the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged.
Nonpolar molecules require
boiling points.
more energy to break the intermolecular forces so they have higher
O True
O False
Answers
Which property of matter is conserved in chemical reactions and shown by balanced equations?
Answers
The property of matter that is conserved in chemical reactions and shown by balanced equations is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass. According to this law, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; it can only be transformed from one form to another.For instance, when two substances are combined, they react and form a new substance.
The products that are formed contain the same number of atoms as the reactants, but in different configurations. To keep track of the number of atoms on either side of the equation, we use coefficients, which indicate the number of molecules or atoms of each substance in the reaction. However, when a chemical equation is written, it must adhere to the law of conservation of mass.The law of conservation of mass is critical in chemical reactions because it ensures that the amount of reactants that go into a reaction equals the amount of products that come out of it. This means that the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of the products. As a result, the balanced chemical equation must reflect this law.For example, consider the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which forms water. The balanced chemical equation is as follows:2H2 + O2 → 2H2OIn this reaction, two molecules of hydrogen gas react with one molecule of oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water. The coefficients in the balanced chemical equation indicate that two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen combine to form two molecules of water, obeying the law of conservation of mass.In conclusion, the Law of Conservation of Mass is a fundamental principle in chemistry that is used to balance chemical equations. It is critical in chemical reactions because it ensures that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products, allowing scientists to accurately predict the outcome of a chemical reaction.For such more question on chemical reaction
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List at least four characteristics of acids
Answers
Answer:
pH>7
sour taste
donate H+ ions
turn litmus paper from blue to red
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
pH < 7.
Sour taste (though you should never use this characteristic to identify an acid in the lab)
Reacts with a metal to form hydrogen gas.
Increases the H+ concentration in water.
Donates H+ ions.
Turns blue litmus indicator red.
1. Which of the following species determines the chemical properties of an atom?
A. Electron
B. Neutron
C. Nucleus
D. Proton
2. The following glasswares are used to measure the volume of liquids except
A. graduated beaker
B. pipette
C. test tube
D. burette
3. Pauli exclusion principle is related to
A. quantity of electrons in the valence shell
B. filling the orbitals with lower energy first
C. the filling of degenerated orbitals
D. quantum numbers of electrons
Answers
Explanation:
The number of electrons, in turn, determines the chemical properties of the atom. Protons contribute to the mass of an atom and provide the positive charge to the nucleus. The number of protons also determines the identity of the element
Answer:
Question 1: (A)
The number of electrons determine the chemical properties of an atom.
Question 2: (C)
Test tube cannot measure the volume of liquids rather they are used in chemical reactions
Question 3: (D)
Pauli's Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers.
short paragraph about volcano and its features.
Answers
ABOUT VOLCANO
A volcano is am opening in the earth’s crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape. Volcanic eruptions are partly driven by pressure from dissolved gas, much as escaping gases force the cork out of a bottle of champagne. Beneath a volcano, liquid magma containing dissolved gases rises through cracks in the Earth’s crust. As the magma rises, pressure decreases, allowing the gases to form bubbles. How the magma (lava) behaves when it reaches the surface depends on both its gas content and chemical composition. Lavas with low silica contents have low viscosities and flow freely, allowing any gas bubbles to escape readily, while lavas with high silica contents are more viscous (resistant to flow), so that any trapped gases cannot escape gradually
FEATURES OF VOLCANO
The main features of a volcano include the magma chamber, vents, craters and slopes. The diagram below shows the main features of a volcano. The magma chamber is a large underground pool of magma. Under pressure, the magma in the chamber can rise up the main vent, which is the central tube through the volcano.
you have been told that you will be teaching several highly heterogeneous classes. according to the text, the most reasonable first step to take would be to
Answers
The most reasonable first step to take would be to, In a highly heterogeneous class, a teacher should give everyone the same assignment because it will help him/her be able to track student progress efficiently.
What is heterogeneous?
A predication that means composed of different ingredients or dissimilar factors is called heterogeneous.
What is Reasonable?
A generic and relative one and applies to that which is suitable for a particular condition is called reasonable.
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the process of making the nonessential amino acids from essential amino acids is called
Answers
The process of synthesizing nonessential amino acids from essential amino acids is known as transamination or amination.
Transamination is a biochemical process that happens among the cells, mainly in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. While transamination, The amino group from an important amino acid is delivered to a keto acid, making a nonessential amino acid.
The enzyme responsible for making transamination is known as transaminase or aminotransferase. This enzyme catalyzes the transmission of the amino group from the main amino acid to the keto acid, resulting in formation of the nonessential amino acid.
The nonessential amino acids are important for many physiological functions in the body, containing protein synthesis, cellular metabolism, and the making of vital molecules mainly neurotransmitters and hormones. The capacity to synthesize nonessential amino acids from essential amino acids allows the body to create a balanced pool of amino acids and reach its metabolic needs.
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a chemist fills a reaction vessel with 9.93 atm methane CH4 gas, 6.40 atm oxygen O2 gas, 4.33 atm carbon dioxide CO2 gas, and 1.68 atm hydrogen H2 gas at a temperature of 25.0 °C. Under these conditions, calculate the reaction free energy ΔG for the following chemical reaction: CH4(g) + O2(g) arrow CO2(g) + 2H2(g)
Answers
The reaction free energy ΔG for the given chemical reaction at the given conditions is -332.3 kJ/mol.
CH₄(g) + O₂(g) arrow CO₂(g) + 2H₂(g)
To calculate the reaction free energy ΔG, we first need to calculate the standard reaction free energy ΔG°. We can use the standard free energy of formation of each compound to calculate ΔG°.
ΔG° = ΣnΔGf°(products) - ΣnΔGf°(reactants)
where n is the stoichiometric coefficient of each compound in the balanced chemical equation.
Using standard free energy of formation values from a table, we get:
ΔGf°(CH₄) = -50.8 kJ/mol
ΔGf°(O₂) = 0 kJ/mol
ΔGf°(CO₂) = -394.4 kJ/mol
ΔGf°(H₂) = 0 kJ/mol
ΔG° = (1ΔGf°(CO₂) + 2ΔGf°(H₂)) - (1ΔGf°(CH₄) + 1ΔGf°(O₂))
ΔG° = (-394.4 kJ/mol + 2(0 kJ/mol)) - (-50.8 kJ/mol + 0 kJ/mol)
ΔG° = -293.6 kJ/mol
Now, we can use the equation:
ΔG = ΔG° + RTln(Q)
where Q is the reaction quotient, calculated using the partial pressures of each gas at the given conditions.
Q = (PCO₂ × PH₂^2) / (PCH₄ × PO₂)
Q = (4.33 atm × (1.68 atm)^2) / (9.93 atm × 6.40 atm)
Q = 0.0058
Plugging in the values, we get:
ΔG = -293.6 kJ/mol + (8.314 J/mol·K × (298.15 K) × ln(0.0058))
ΔG = -293.6 kJ/mol - 38.7 kJ/mol
ΔG = -332.3 kJ/mol
Therefore, the reaction free energy ΔG for the given chemical reaction at the given conditions is -332.3 kJ/mol. This negative value indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under these conditions.
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If a compound is found to contain 24.78% Carbon, 2.08% Hydrogen, and 73.14% Chlorine the empirical formula would be
Answers
The empirical formula of the compound containing 24.78% Carbon, 2.08% Hydrogen, and 73.14% Chlorine is CHCl
Data obtained from the question Carbon (C) = 24.78% Hydrogen (H) = 2.08% Chlorine (Cl) = 73.14% Empirical formula =? How to determine the empirical formulaThe empirical formula of the compound can be obtained as illustrated below:
Divide by their molar mass
C = 24.78 / 12 = 2.065
H = 2.08 / 1 = 2.08
Cl = 73.14 / 35.5 = 2.06
Divide by the smallest
C = 2.065 / 2.06 = 1
H = 2.08 / 2.06 = 1
Cl = 2.06 / 2.06 = 1
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CHCl
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Calculate the percent by mass of each element in the following compounds.
HCIO3
Answers
The percent by mass of each element in \(HClO_{3}\) is approximately:
Hydrogen (H): 1.05%, Chlorine (Cl): 36.75%, Oxygen (O): 31.20%
What is mass?
To calculate the percent by mass of each element in the compound \(HClO_{3}\) , we need to determine the molar mass of the compound and the molar mass of each element present in the compound.
The molar mass of \(HClO_{3}\) can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of Cl = 35.45 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol
Molar mass of \(HClO_{3}\) = (1 x 1.01) + (1 x 35.45) + (3 x 16.00) = 96.46 g/mol
Therefore, the percent by mass of each element in \(HClO_{3}\) is as follows:
Percent by mass of H = (mass of H / molar mass of \(HClO_{3}\) ) x 100%
= (1.01 g / 96.46 g) x 100%
= 1.05%
Percent by mass of Cl = (mass of Cl / molar mass of \(HClO_{3}\) ) x 100%
= (35.45 g / 96.46 g) x 100%
= 36.75%
Percent by mass of O = (mass of O / molar mass of \(HClO_{3}\) ) x 100%
= (3 x 16.00 g / 96.46 g) x 100%
= 31.20%
Therefore, the percent by mass of each element in \(HClO_{3}\) is approximately:
Hydrogen (H): 1.05%Chlorine (Cl): 36.75%Oxygen (O): 31.20%To know more about molar mass, visit:
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How to find the final product of Fe (II) + CI ?
Answers
The valency of iron (Fe) in this equation is 2
While, the valency of chlorine is 1
Therefore, we know that iron wants to give away 2 electrons to attain octet configuration, and chlorine wants to get an electron to attain octet configuration.
Also while find the products the number of atoms is similar to the oppostie valency
Fe = 1 atom , Cl = 2 atoms
Which will form FeCl₂
Happy to help :)
If you need any help pls ask
how many atoms of boron are present in 8.0*10^-6 moles of boron
Answers
Explanation:
Molar mass of
B
=
10.81
g
⋅
m
o
l
−
1
. If there are 36 odd grams of
B
, there are approx.
7
2
×
N
A
boron atoms, where
N
A
is Avogadro's number.
Explanation:
35.76
⋅
g
10.81
⋅
g
⋅
m
o
l
−
1
×
6.022
×
10
23
m
o
l
−
1
=
?
?
Answer link
MAT
Nov 15, 2015
1.991
×
10
24
Explanation:
Molar mass of B = 10.81g/mol
So, 1 mole of B = 10.81g
and 1 mole =
N
A
=
6.023
×
10
23
By combining,
10.81g of B =
6.023
×
10
23
atoms of B
thus,
35.76g of B =
6.023
×
10
23
10.81
×
35.76
35.76g of B =
1.991
×
10
24
48.176 × 10¹⁷ atoms of boron are present in 8.0 × 10⁻⁶ moles of boron.
Avogadro's NumberAvogadro's number is the number of particles in one mole of substance. 6.022 × 10²³ is known as Avogadro's constant / Avogadro's number.
Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³
How to find the number of atoms ?
Number of atoms = Number of moles × Avogadro's Number
= 8.0 × 10⁻⁶ × 6.022 × 10²³
= 48.176 × 10¹⁷ atoms of boron
Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that 48.176 × 10¹⁷ atoms of boron are present in 8.0 × 10⁻⁶ moles of boron.
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Which squirrel do you think is better suited for the environment, the gray one or the white one? and why
Answers
Answer:
The grey squirrel.
Explanation:
This is your answer because the white one would have a harder time to blend in with the tree's and the environment, whilst the grey one is better suited for its environment better due to the fact that it can blend in with the trees, and hide better.
Which is an example of a polymer?
A. diamond
B. carbon monoxide
C. sodium chloride
D. cellulose
Answers
Answer:
\(d)cellulose \\ monomer \: is \: glucose \\ thank \: you\)
Answer:
cellulose
Explanation:
In order for a substance to be considered a mineral, it must a. be a solid, liquid, or gas. b. be abundant in the crust. c. have atoms arranged in a random, non-repeating pattern. d. contain carbon.
Answers
Answer: i think its (b) be abundant in the crust
Explanation:
Why do atoms bond?
a. Noble Gas Configuration b. Halogen Configuration c. Magnetic Configuration
Answers
Answer:
es la letra a)
Explanation:
síganme en insta
66. 7 ml of ethanol was dissolved in 222. 2 ml of water. What is the volume % of the ethanol in the solution?.
Answers
The volume % of ethanol in the solution is 3.04%.
What is volume?
A three-dimensional space's volume can be calculated. It is frequently expressed numerically using units derived from SI (like the cubic metre and litre) or by different imperial us Or customary modules (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). Volume and length are related by the description of length (cubed). In contrast to how much space the container actually occupies, the volume of the a container is typically thought of as its carrying capacity, or the amount of fluid (liquid or gas) that it could hold. Volume was first measured in the past using naturally occurring containers of a similar shape, and later, standardised containers.
Volume % of ethanol = (7 ml ethanol / (7 ml ethanol + 222.2 ml water)) x 100
= (7/229.2) x 100
= 3.04% ethanol
Therefore, the volume % of ethanol in the solution is 3.04%.
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A tea bag in a cup of hot water can be a simple model of a cell. Water moves into the tea bag and substances in the tea leaves move out through a thin layer of material. What does the thin material that holds the tea leaves represent?
Answers
Answer:
It represents a partially permeable membrane
Explanation:
As the water is added to the teabag it causes the tea leaves to move and triggers diffusion of the leaves. ... The addition of heat (from the hot water) to the tea bag causes its molecules to move much faster than at room temperature
Answer:
The cell membrane
Explanation:
I checked it and it’s right on A P E X. I hope this helps!!
Proof:
(T/F) reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms
Answers
The statement 'reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms' is true.
Phagocytic cells are the kind of cells that consume or destroy microorganisms by producing substances that are harmful to them, according to the study of biology.
The phagocytic cells produce oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and these intermediates are reactive enough to bind to the chemicals in the microbe and inhibit their function. The microorganism dies when its activities are impeded to the point where it is unable to carry out the fundamental functions of life. Thus, the above statement is accurate.
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What is best way to get salt out of salt water solution
Answers
Answer:
Distillation
Explanation:
In order to turn seawater into freshwater you have to remove the dissolved salt in seawater. That may seem as easy as just boiling some seawater in a pan, capturing the steam and condensing it back into water (distillation).
How does the valence electron configuration (entire last energy level configuration) relate to the group number on the Periodic Table? Use the shorthand notation in your discussion.
Answers
Answer:
The valence electron configuration determines the group to which an element belongs to.
Explanation:
The valence electron configuration of an atom of an element refers to the number of electrons in that atoms outermost shell.
The valence electron configuration is related to the group number of an element in that the number of electrons in the valence shell of an atom of an element determines the group to which an element belongs to. For example, all elements having one valence electron belong to group IA of the periodic table. Similarly, all elements having seven valence electrons belong to group VIIA of the periodic table.
This is because, since the reactivity of an element is related to its ability to either gain or lose a certain number of electrons in its valence shell, elements having same number of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.
Indentify this reaction
C+ S8-->CS2
Answers
Answer:
4C + S8 → 4CS2
Explanation:
The resistance of a thermometer is 5 ohm at 25 degree Celsius and 6 2 at 50 degree Celsius. Using linear approximation, calculate the value of resistance temperature coefficient at 45 degree Celsius.
Answers
The approximate resistance value at 45 degrees Celsius is around 5.8 ohms.
To calculate the value of the resistance temperature coefficient at 45 degrees Celsius using linear approximation, we can use the formula:
R(T) = R0 + α(T - T0),
where R(T) is the resistance at temperature T, R0 is the resistance at a reference temperature T0, α is the resistance temperature coefficient, and (T - T0) is the temperature difference.
Given that the resistance at 25 degrees Celsius is 5 ohms (R0 = 5) and the resistance at 50 degrees Celsius is 6 ohms (R(T) = 6), we can calculate the value of α.
6 = 5 + α(50 - 25),
Simplifying the equation:
1 = 25α,
Therefore, α = 1/25 = 0.04 ohm/degree Celsius.
Using the linear approximation, we can approximate the value of the resistance at 45 degrees Celsius:
R(45) = 5 + 0.04(45 - 25) = 5 + 0.04(20) = 5 + 0.8 = 5.8 ohms.
Therefore, the value of the resistance at 45 degrees Celsius is approximately 5.8 ohms.
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What sort of reaction happens when an acid and an alkali are mixed?
Answers
When an acid and an alkali are combined, they react to create a salt and water. This process is called neutralization, and it is an essential part of many chemical reactions.
The specific salt that is produced depends on the acid and alkali that are used. For example, if hydrochloric acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide, the resulting salt will be sodium chloride. The reaction between an acid and an alkali is typically exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The heat that is produced can be used in other chemical reactions or to produce electricity in a process called cogeneration. The resulting salt and water from the neutralization reaction are usually harmless and can be disposed of safely.
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the reaction between 2-methyl-2-pentanol and sulfuric acid to yield 2-methyl-2-pentene goes via a(n) .
Answers
The reaction between 2-methyl-2-pentanol and sulfuric acid to yield 2-methyl-2-pentene goes via an elimination reaction
Elimination reactions are those that proceed by the removal of one or more atoms or functional groups from the reactants, resulting in the formation of a new double bond or π bond in a product. An example of an elimination reaction is the dehydration of alcohols.In this particular reaction, 2-methyl-2-pentanol (an alcohol) reacts with sulfuric acid to produce 2-methyl-2-pentene, which is an alkene.
The reaction mechanism proceeds via an elimination reaction, where the OH group and a hydrogen ion (H+) are removed from the reactant, resulting in the formation of a double bond between the adjacent carbon atoms in the product.The reaction can be represented as follows:CH3C(CH3)2CH(OH)CH3 + H2SO4 → CH3C(CH3)2C=CH2 + H2O + H2SO4In conclusion, the reaction between 2-methyl-2-pentanol and sulfuric acid to yield 2-methyl-2-pentene goes via an elimination reaction.
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Which of the following elements has properties different than the rest?
K
O
H
N
Answers
Answer:
N
Explanation:
the rest are metals. elements of group 1 and 2
determine the volume of a1.5g of hydrogen gas at stp
Answers
Answer:
volume = 16.8
Explanation:
From the question
The Mass = 1.5g.
Molar mass = H2
= 1×2 =2
mole = ?
\(mole = \frac{mass}{molar \: mass} \\ mole = \frac{1.5}{2} \\ mole = 0.75mol\)
Therefore the volume =
\(v = v {dm}^{3} \times n\)
Where mole(n)=0.75mol.
vdm³=22.4dm³
\(v = 22.4 \times 0.75 \\ v = 16.8\)
Therefore the volume = 16.8.