what are the two main a biotic factor that affect organisms in a marine ecosystem​

Answer:

polypeptides

I think you made a typo.

Answer:

chemical messenger.

Explanation:

yw loves!!!!

Answer:

CHEMICAL MESSENGER

Explanation:

did the Assignment

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

What do you mean by meiosis?

Meiosis, also called reduction division, division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

The process of meiosis is characteristic of organisms that reproduce sexually. Such species have in the nucleus of each cell a diploid (double) set of chromosomes, consisting of two haploid sets (one inherited from each parent). These haploid sets are homologous—i.e., they contain the same kinds of genes, but not necessarily in the same form.

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Meiosis is the division of a cell that reduces the number of chromosomes from a diploid (2n) state to a haploid (n) state.

What is diploid?

Diploid is a term used in genetics to refer to a cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46, which is two sets of 23. This means that any human cell contains two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. Diploid cells are found in multicellular organisms, and are the most common form of cells in the human body. Diploidy is important for genetic diversity, as it allows for the exchange of genetic material between the two sets of chromosomes. This helps create genetic variation, which is necessary for evolution to occur.

This occurs in sex cells during the process of gamete formation, and is essential for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, two consecutive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) reduce the number of chromosomes by half. This process also involves cell division, which results in four haploid daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains one set of chromosomes, which is a combination of the maternal and paternal chromosomes of the original cell.

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Answer:

240

Explanation:

it is said by scientists that 12 plants are required to provide oxygen to 1 adult human being so if we multiply 12 plants with 20 adult human beings than the answer is 240.

Answer:

Microbes, salts, and pollution from agriculture and industry all contribute to the problem. Global warming will likely have major impacts on the world's freshwater resources.

Explanation:

Water source protection involves the protection of surface water sources and the protection of groundwater sources from contamination of any kind. Water source protection includes basic measures and rules such as the installation of a fence around the source or the banning of grazing animals in the surrounding area.

Answer: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Answer: its a person

Explanation:

60%

Water makes up up to 60% of the adult human body. Water makes up 64 percent of the skin, 79 percent of the muscles and kidneys, and even 31 percent of the bones.

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Image is not provided in the question, so the image is attached below.

Answer:

Fewer plants

Explanation:

The region X in Venn diagram represents fewer plants in the region.

As the regions marked X represents  fast-flowing areas of rivers and streams which can be possible if the flow of water get less obstruction in its way, so if their will be fewer plants, river will get less resistance and can flow faster.

Other option do not affects the flow of water.

Hence, the correct option is fewer plants.

Answer:

Because lakes are often large and deep, little sunlight reaches the bottom. The lack of sunlight and resulting cold temperatures limit the number of plants that can grow beneath the water. Therefore, most of the plant growth in lakes is limited to shallow areas near the shore, where there is a lot of sunlight.

Explanation:

Answer: 29. Bar graphs are best for comparing categories. Line graphs are used to show trends over time.

30. where the cumulative mean first falls within this reference mean ± standard deviation threshold × reference standard deviation for all subsequent cumulative mean values.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

that is the only positive potential characteristic listed.

A group of genes with the same type of promoter, but scattered throughout the genome for a single function, such as nitrogen fixation, is called an operon.

An operon is a group of genes with the same type of promoter but dispersed throughout the genome for a single function (e.g. nitrogen fixation). The functional unit of prokaryotic transcription is the operon. The operon is a structure that includes a promoter (which binds RNA polymerase), an operator (which regulates gene expression by binding a repressor or activator protein), and a structural gene or genes that encode an enzyme required for a metabolic pathway.

An operon, sometimes known as a polycistronic mRNA, is a set of functionally linked genes that are regulated by the same promoter and operator and are transcribed into a single mRNA molecule. Operons are prevalent in prokaryotes and are rarely found in eukaryotes. Operons are related to gene regulation in prokaryotes, but they do not exist in eukaryotes.

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Answer:

u r mom

Explanation:

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:Earth is constantly changing as energy flows through the system. Geologic, fossil, and ice records provide evidence of significant changes throughout Earth's history. These changes are always associated with changes in the flow of energy through the Earth system. Both living and non- living processes have contributed to this change.

Explanation:that will help you

The node that is unconnected to any child nodes is referred to as a "leaf" node in the context of tree theory. It is frequently shown as the terminal node or endpoint in a tree structure.

When comparing the available options, "/usr/local/linuxgym-data," "/home/student," "/bin," and "none of these choices," it is unclear which directory is being referenced to as a leaf node. We need to understand the tree's structure and the connections between the directories in order to recognise a leaf node. It is impossible to tell which directory would be categorised as a leaf node without additional knowledge on the tree topology or the precise connections between these directories.

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The base and sugar between DNA nucleotides are linked by hydrogen bonds. Option c.

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid which is a long molecule that carries genetic information and is found in the nucleus of a cell. It is composed of nucleotides that are linked together. Each nucleotide is composed of three components; a nitrogenous base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. The base is attached to the sugar and the sugar is attached to the phosphate group.Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that exist between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and the oxygen or nitrogen atom of another molecule. They occur when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and is also attracted to another electronegative atom. In DNA, the hydrogen bonds exist between the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides. There are four types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA; adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Adenine always pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds and guanine always pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of the double helix structure together.

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a. The balanced equation for the new reaction catalyzed by the mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase is:

Glucose + Oxygen -> Water + Carbon Dioxide + Hydrogen

b. The mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase that produces hydrogen gas instead of NADH would have a negative effect on the amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule. This is because the production of hydrogen gas would divert some of the energy that would normally be used to produce ATP, resulting in a reduction in the overall yield of ATP.

c. The mutation in the nucleoside diphosphate kinase that regenerates GDP without generating ATP would also have a negative effect on the amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule. This is because the regeneration of GDP without the production of ATP would result in a net loss of energy that would normally be used to produce ATP, leading to a reduction in the overall yield of ATP.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which is a central metabolic pathway in cells. IDH catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, a reaction that generates NADH, a molecule that can be used to produce ATP, the main energy currency of cells.

A mutated form of isocitrate dehydrogenase is a variant of the enzyme that has undergone a change in its genetic makeup, resulting in a different amino acid sequence and potentially different function.

Therefore, In the scenario described above, the mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase was able to catalyze the same reaction as the normal enzyme, but it produced hydrogen gas instead of NADH. This mutation would have a negative effect on the production of ATP, as the production of hydrogen gas would divert some of the energy that would normally be used to produce ATP.

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Cross-protection refers to the ability of a vaccine or immunization to provide protection against different strains or variants of a pathogen. In the context of the question, cross-protection is being explored through the co-immunization with influenza hemagglutinin DNA and an inactivated virus vaccine using coated microneedles.

Co-immunization is the simultaneous administration of multiple immunogens (substances that stimulate an immune response) to enhance the immune response. In this case, the influenza hemagglutinin DNA and the inactivated virus vaccine are being given together to potentially enhance the immune response and provide cross-protection against different strains of influenza. Using coated microneedles is a method of vaccine delivery that involves tiny needles coated with the vaccine. These microneedles penetrate the skin and deliver the vaccine directly into the underlying tissue, bypassing the need for traditional injections.

The combination of co-immunization and coated microneedles has the potential to improve the immune response and provide broader protection against different strains of influenza. By introducing the influenza hemagglutinin DNA and the inactivated virus vaccine together using coated microneedles, the immune system may be primed to recognize and respond to a wider range of influenza strains.

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Antibiotic resistance in pathogens occurs due to natural selection, where bacteria with genetic variations that make them less susceptible to antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to the ineffectiveness of the drugs.

In conclusion, the ineffectiveness of some antibiotics in killing pathogens is attributed to the process of natural selection, whereby bacteria with genetic variations that confer resistance to the antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains.

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4. A human patient represents a host system for bacterial infections, where the human body provides an environment for bacterial growth and proliferation.

1. Microorganisms in cultures do not exhibit constant exponential growth due to limited nutrient availability, accumulation of waste products, and unfavorable environmental conditions. To extend the lifespan of a microbial culture, steps such as providing fresh nutrient media, subculturing, and optimizing growth conditions can be taken.

2. Lab cultures, including those used in biotechnology like E. coli for insulin production, are maintained through aseptic techniques and controlled growth conditions. E. coli cultures are subcultured in fresh media containing necessary nutrients and incubated under monitored conditions to ensure optimal growth.

3. A closed system exhibits a constant growth pattern, where microbial culture is contained without exchange of nutrients or waste products with the external environment.

5. Observing clear bacterial colonies on the growth media plate after incubation does not guarantee successful culture of all bacteria from the gut sample. Some bacteria may have specific nutritional requirements not provided in the medium, and the incubation conditions may not be suitable for all bacteria.

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The projects that will receive funding in arid areas of Africa prone to salinization include:

Salinization is the process whereby the mineral salt content of the soil in an area increases as a result of adverse environmental conditions such as drought.

The projects that will receive funding in arid areas of Africa prone to salinization include:

In conclusion, salinization of soil poses a big threat to crop production in arid regions of Africa.

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Answer:

C: 5

Explanation:

i got it right on test.

Answer:

C.5

Explanation:

There are 5 in the Valence Shell.

Answer:

A - biosphere (photosynthesis on cone-shaped trees)

B - geosphere (fossil fuels on 3 logs)

C - atmosphere (emissions on factory smoke)

D - hydrosphere (CO2 on water)

Answer:

Explanation:

I just took a quiz, and this was correct!

Si las frecuencias permanecen constantes  de una generación a la siguiente, la población no experimenta un cambio evolutivo.

If the frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, the population does not undergo evolutionary change.

Answer:

plants have plant cell animal have animal cell

plant are autotroph animal are not

plant are fix animal can move

chlorophyll is in plant but not animal

Answer:

Genepool

Explanation:

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