what are the products of the citric acid cycle (krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid [tca] cycle)?

Answers

Answer 1

The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this cycle, a series of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms' cells generate energy through oxidation of acetate derivatives.

The citric acid cycle has eight stages, and the products are as follows: Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a byproduct of the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide), which are coenzymes involved in the oxidation of the acetyl-CoA, ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation when the phosphate group is transferred from GTP to ADP, and Water (H2O), which is generated during the transfer of electrons from FADH2 to O2.

The citric acid cycle is an energy-producing cycle in cells that operates through oxidation of acetate derivatives. In this cycle, a series of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms' cells generate energy. The cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

The citric acid cycle has eight stages, and each stage has a specific enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that converts one molecule to another. The cycle is a central metabolic pathway of aerobic organisms, and it is involved in various metabolic pathways.

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Related Questions

What volume of 17.8 M stock sulfuric acid solution would be needed to make 2.0L of 0.200 M diluted sulfuric acid solution?

Answers

Answer:

Required Volume is 22.47ml

Explanation:

To make 2.0L of 0.2M sulfuric acid required moles = 0.2 x 2 = 0.4 moles

To get 0.4 from 17.8M required quantity = 1000/17.8 x 0.4 = 22.47ml

What quantity of energy is released when 506 g of liquid water freezes?

Answers

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What quantity of energy is released when 506 g of liquid water freezes?

\( \huge{ \rm{Answer:}}\)

= 169 kJ

How many grams of CaSO4 would be produced if 200 grams of Fe2O3 reacted

Answers

As a result, we would anticipate 487.49 grams of Calcium sulfate to result from a reaction between 200 grams of Iron and Calcium sulfate.

How many kilos does one molecule weigh?

Number-wise, the mass of one mole (or formula unit) in atomic mass units is equal to the mass of one mole (or formula unit) in grams. One mole of Oxygen molecules, for instance, weighs 32.00 g and a single Oxygen molecule, 32.00 u.

We can use the following chemical equation, assuming you meant to inquire about the interaction between Iron and Calcium sulfate:

Iron + Calcium sulfate → Ferrous sulfate + Calcium

These numbers can be used to determine how many moles of iron there are in 200 grams:

200 g Iron × (1 mol Iron / 55.85 g Iron) = 3.58 mol Iron

We can infer that 3.58 moles of Calcium sulfate would be formed in this reaction because the stoichiometric ratio of Iron to Calcium sulfate is 1:1.

We can use the following equation to determine the mass of Calcium sulfate generated:

Mass of Calcium sulfate= number of moles of Calcium sulfate× molar mass of Calcium sulfate

Mass of Calcium sulfate = 3.58 mol Calcium sulfate × 136.14 g/mol

Mass of Calcium sulfate = 487.49 g

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What is the percent composition of sulfur in H2SO4?

2.1%

B) 
65.2%

C) 
98.1%

D) 
32.7%

Answers

Answer:

D (32.7%)

Explanation:

Answer:D (32.7%)

Explanation:

True or False: Electrons in each lower level are filled before electrons fill
the higher energy level.*


1. True 2. False

Answers

the answer is 1....true

What is a compound supstence?

Answers

Answer:

A compound supstence is any chemcail compond

Explanation:

A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined with a comma and coordinating conjunction.

choose the ground state electron configuration for zn2+.

Answers

The ground state electron configuration for Zn2+ can be determined by considering the electronic structure of the neutral zinc atom (Zn) and then removing two electrons to account for the +2 charge.

The neutral zinc atom has an atomic number of 30, which means it has 30 electrons. The electron configuration of a neutral zinc atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10.

To form Zn2+, two electrons are removed. Since electrons are generally removed from the highest energy levels first, the two electrons will be taken from the 4s orbital. Therefore, the ground state electron configuration for Zn2+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10.

This electron configuration reflects the fact that Zn2+ has a full d orbital (3d10), which gives it stability. Zn2+ is often found in compounds with a 2+ charge due to the loss of these two electrons.

The stable electron configuration of Zn2+ allows it to participate in various chemical reactions, including coordination complexes and enzymatic processes.

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What mass of iron(III) chloride contains 2.35×1023 chloride ions?

Answers

The mass of iron(III) chloride that contains 2.35×10²³ chloride ions can be calculated using the molar mass and stoichiometry of iron(III) chloride.

To calculate the mass of iron(III) chloride, we need to use the molar mass and stoichiometry. The molar mass of iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of iron (Fe) and three times the atomic mass of chlorine (Cl). The atomic mass of iron is 55.845 g/mol, and the atomic mass of chlorine is 35.453 g/mol.

Molar mass of FeCl₃ = 55.845 g/mol + 3 * 35.453 g/mol = 162.204 g/mol

From the balanced chemical equation of iron(III) chloride, we know that each formula unit of FeCl₃ contains three chloride ions (Cl⁻). Therefore, the ratio of chloride ions to iron(III) chloride is 3:1.

Given that there are 2.35×10²³ chloride ions, we can calculate the moles of iron(III) chloride using the mole ratio:

Moles of FeCl₃ = (2.35×10²³ chloride ions) / (3 chloride ions/1 FeCl₃)

            = (2.35×10²³) / 3 moles

Finally, we can calculate the mass of iron(III) chloride using the moles and molar mass:

Mass of FeCl₃ = Moles of FeCl₃ * Molar mass of FeCl₃

Substituting the values, we can find the mass of iron(III) chloride containing 2.35×10²³ chloride ions.

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how do we know waves transfer energy

Answers

Explanation:

i am sry to lazy to write it

how do we know waves transfer energy

let me rephrase that: assuming the strength of an acid is determined by how well a substance is willing to let go of its proton and taking into consideration the fact that electrons are bound to orbitals (BUT may move between them) is true, then would acids still be possible if the positions of electrons and protons were swapped?

Answers

The strong acid and strong base has high rate constant of dissociation. The rate constant for weak acid and base for the dissociation is low, they do not easily dissociate in water. Therefore, no, acid would not remain acid  if the positions of electrons and protons were swapped.

What are acid and base?

Acid is a solution which releases H⁺ hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Base releases hydroxide ion OH⁻ ion when dissolved in water.

pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. Strength of acidic nature is directly proportional to the concentration of hydronium ion.

On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. Temperature affect the pH. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. 7 is the pH of neutral solution. No, acid would not remain acid  if the positions of electrons and protons were swapped.

Therefore, no, acid would not remain acid  if the positions of electrons and protons were swapped.

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What is the molality of a solution?
A. The number of grams of a solute per liter of solution
B. The number of moles of a solute per kilogram of solution
C. The number of grams of a solute per mole of solvent
D. The number of moles of a solute per kilogram of solvent

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation: The amount of a material in a given volume of solution is measured in molarity (M). The moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is also known as molarity.

Hope that helps! Have a good day :)

Answer: The best answer is D. The number of moles of a solute per kilogram of solvent

Explanation:

I hope this helps, whereas, the molality doesn't represent moles nor liters.

What is the uncertainty (in % RSD) of a 1.00ppm standard solution prepared by pipetting 10uL of a 1000 ppm (s

Answers

The % RSD of a 1.00 ppm standard solution prepared by pipetting 10 µL of a 1000 ppm (stock solution) will be 0.1%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is used to compare the variability in a set of measurements to the mean of the set.

It is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. RSD = (standard deviation / mean) × 100. The percentage RSD for a 1.00 ppm standard solution prepared by pipetting 10 µL of a 1000 ppm (stock solution) is calculated as follows: Concentration of the stock solution = 1000 ppm

Volume of the stock solution pipetted

= 10 µL Volume of the diluted solution made

= 1000 µL (10 µL × 100)

Concentration of the diluted solution = (1000 ppm × 10 µL) / 1000 µL

= 10 ppm

Relative standard deviation (%RSD)

= (Standard deviation / Mean) × 100

= (0.01 / 10) × 100 = 0.1%.

Hence, the % RSD of a 1.00 ppm standard solution prepared by pipetting 10 µL of a 1000 ppm (stock solution) is 0.1%.

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2 moles of NO, was placed in an empty I dm' bottle and allowed to reach equilibrium according to the equation:
At equilibrium, 1.2 moles of N,O, dissociated. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at that
temperature.

Answers

The balanced equation for the dissociation of nitrogen monoxide (NO) is:

2NO(g) ⇌ N2(g) + O2(g)

According to the problem statement, 2 moles of NO were placed in a 1 dm^3 bottle and allowed to reach equilibrium, and at equilibrium, 1.2 moles of NO had dissociated. This means that the initial concentration of NO was:

[NO]initial = 2 mol / 1 dm^3 = 2 M

And the concentration of NO at equilibrium is:

[NO]equilibrium = (2 - 1.2) mol / 1 dm^3 = 0.8 M

Since the stoichiometry of the balanced equation is 2:1:1 for NO, N2, and O2, respectively, the equilibrium concentrations of N2 and O2 will also be 0.6 M.

The equilibrium constant (Kc) can be calculated using the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products, raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. Therefore:

Kc = ([N2][O2]) / ([NO]^2)

Substituting the equilibrium concentrations into the equation, we get:

Kc = (0.6 M x 0.6 M) / (0.8 M x 0.8 M)
Kc = 0.5625

Therefore, the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at that temperature is 0.5625. Note that the units of Kc depend on the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. Since the stoichiometric coefficients are all 1, the units of Kc in this case are M^-1

how does excessive burning of fossil fuels affect our planet

Answers

Excessive burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas can have a significant impact on our planet. The primary way in which burning fossil fuels affects the planet is through the release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.

These gases trap heat from the sun, which causes the Earth's temperature to rise, a phenomenon known as global warming. This can lead to a variety of negative effects, such as:

Climate change: The increase in temperature can cause more frequent and severe weather events such as heat waves, droughts, and floods. It can also cause sea levels to rise and glaciers to melt, leading to coastal flooding and changes in precipitation patterns.

Loss of biodiversity: Warmer temperatures can cause species to migrate or die out, leading to a loss of biodiversity. Changes in precipitation patterns can also affect the survival of certain species.

Ocean acidification: The ocean absorbs a large amount of CO2, which can cause the pH of seawater to decrease, making it more acidic. This can harm marine life, especially those that have shells or skeletons made of calcium carbonates, such as coral and certain types of plankton.

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Which of Dalton's postulates required revision?

Answers

Answer:

Dalton's 5 postulates

All matter consists of indivisible particles called atoms.

Atoms of the same element are similar in shape and mass, but differ from the atoms of other elements.

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.

Atoms of different elements may combine with each other in a fixed, simple, whole number ratios to form compound atoms.

Explanation:

A sample of graphite with a mass of 15.0 grams drops from an initial temperature of 22°C to a
final temperature of 12°C. Calculate how much heat was transferred, and state whether it was
gained or lost based on the sign of your answer.

Answers

Answer:

106.5 J, and it was lost.

Explanation:

To calculate the amount of heat transferred, we can use the following formula:

Q = m * c * ΔT

where Q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

For graphite, the specific heat capacity is approximately 0.71 J/g°C.

So we have:

Q = 15.0 g * 0.71 J/g°C * (-10°C)

Q = -106.5 J

The negative sign of the answer indicates that the graphite lost heat, since its temperature decreased. Therefore, the heat was transferred from the graphite to its surroundings.

So the amount of heat transferred from the graphite was 106.5 J, and it was lost.

Oddly shaped bones like your vertebrae and pelvis? a.irregular bones c. short bones b. flat bones d. long bones ​

Answers

A. irregular bones. Irregular bones are the ones that have short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces.

Does anyone know how to answer these questions using the phase diagram? I got the following answers, but I'm pretty sure they're not correct:


45. At around 100 degrees C and around 0.75 atm

46. Melting and freezing point: ~100 degrees C (not sure about this one)

47. Condensation, as the substance moves from a gas to a liquid

Does anyone know how to answer these questions using the phase diagram? I got the following answers,

Answers

The conditions that must be met for the substance or matter to have all 6 phases of changes at once are approximately;

0.75 Atmospheric Pressure (ATM); and 100 Degrees Celsius. See the attached image.

Assume that the point referenced above is called point X, where the

solid/liquid, liquid/gas, and solid/gas

lines cross, it is to be noted that this is the triple point, the the only temperature and pressure combination at which all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) are in equilibrium and may thus exist concurrently.

If the sample is initially at 0 •C and 1.00 attn, and we hold the pressure constant, at approximately what temperature will it melt? At what temperature will it freeze?

If the above condition is achieved, the substance will either melt of freeze at 100 degrees centigrade. This is labelled point Y on the attached image.

If the pressure is raised to 1.50 atm (holding the temperature constant), what phase change will the substance experience?

The phase change that the substance will undergo is condensation, as the substance moves from a gas to a liquid.

What is condensation?

Condensation is the transformation of water vapor into liquid. It is the inverse of evaporation, in which liquid water turns into a vapor.

Condensation occurs in one of two ways: the air is either chilled to its dew point or gets so saturated with water vapor that it cannot retain any more water.

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Does anyone know how to answer these questions using the phase diagram? I got the following answers,
Does anyone know how to answer these questions using the phase diagram? I got the following answers,

Methyl hydrazine (N2H3CH3) is a common liquid propellant used in rocket fuels. Look for the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products. Calculate the ∆H˚ for the reaction per mole of N2H3CH3.

4N2H3CH3(l) + 5N2O4(l) → 12H2O(g) + 9N2(g) + 4CO(g)

Answers

The standard enthalpy of reaction of the given reaction is -865.71 kJ per mole of N₂H₃CH₃.

What is the standard molar enthalpy of formation?

The standard molar enthalpy of formation of a compound is defined as the enthalpy of formation of 1.0 mol of the pure compound in its stable state from the pure elements in their stable states at P = 1.0 bar at a constant temperature.

Let's consider the following equation.

4 N₂H₃CH₃(l) + 5 N₂O₄(l) → 12 H₂O(g) + 9 N₂(g) + 4 CO(g)

We can calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction using the following expression.

ΔH° = Σnp × ΔH°f(p) - Σnr × ΔH°f(r)

where,

ΔH° is the standard enthalpy of the reaction.n is stoichiometric coefficient.ΔH°f is the standard molar enthalpy of formation.p are the products.r are the reactants.

ΔH° = 12 mol × ΔH°f(H₂O(g)) + 9 mol × ΔH°f(N₂(g)) + 4 mol × ΔH°f(CO(g)) - 4 mol × ΔH°f(N₂H₃CH₃(l)) - 5 mol × ΔH°f(N₂O₄(l))

ΔH° = 12 mol × (-241.81 kJ/mol) + 9 mol × (0 kJ/mol) + 4 mol × (-110.53 kJ/mol) - 4 mol × (54.20 kJ/mol) - 5 mol × (-19.56 kJ/mol)

ΔH° = -3462.84 kJ

In the balanced equation, there are 4 moles of N₂H₃CH₃. The standard enthalpy of reaction per mole of N₂H₃CH₃ is:

-3462.84 kJ / 4 mol = -865.71 kJ/mol

The standard enthalpy of reaction of the given reaction is -865.71 kJ per mole of N₂H₃CH₃.

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pyrazole has two nitrogens (labeled 1 and 2). which of the nitrogens will react first with an acid? explain your answer and support it with any relevant structures.

Answers

To solve this questions we need to know the heterocyclic compounds and little bit about resonance. Therefore the nitrogen which is labelled 2 will react first with acid.

What is heterocyclic compound?

Heterocyclic compounds are those cyclic organic compounds that contains hetero atoms in place of carbon like N,S and O.

Pyrazole contains has structure just like pyrrole the Nitrogen which is labelled 1 that is NH act like nitrogen of pyrrole and the nitrogen that is labelled as 2 act like nitrogen of pyridine.

The electron of NH is involved in resonance, it is not free to give its electron to hydrogen ion from acid. So the nitrogen which is like nitrogen of pyridine will take hydrogen ion from acid first.

Therefore the nitrogen which is labelled 2 will react first with acid.

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is CH3CH2COOCH2 an aldehyde structure?

Answers

No , it’s a carboxylic Easter

PLEASE help — I’m failing!

Determine each of the following for a 4.23 x 10-3 M solution of HCl:
a. H3o+
b. OH-
c. pH
d. pOH

Answers

Answer:

a.

\([H _{3}O {}^{ + } ] = 4.23 \times {10}^{ - 3} M\)

b.

\([OH {}^{ - } ] = \frac{kw}{[H {}^{ + } ]} \\ [OH {}^{ - } ] = \frac{1 \times {10}^{ - 14} }{4.23 \times {10}^{ - 3} } \\ [OH {}^{ - } ] = 2.36 \times {10}^{ - 12} M\)

c.

\(pH = - log[H {}^{ + } ] \\ pH = - log(4.23 \times {10}^{ - 3} ) \\ pH = 2.37\)

d.

\(pOH = - log[OH {}^{ - } ] \\ = - log(2.36 \times {10}^{ - 12} ) \\ = 11.63\)

Help I going to fell I have to 11:59 help please
It’s amplify Science
These two arguments both answer the question Why
did Patient 23 feel sick during week 3?
Which of these arguments is more convincing?
Explain your thinking below.
Argument One: Patient 23 felt sick during week 3 because
he was infected with the C. jejuni bacteria. From "The Human
Microbiome" article, I know that “this kind of C. jejuni
infection can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and fever-all the
symptoms of food poisoning." These symptoms match the
doctor's note for Patient 23 for week 3. When Patient 23 felt
healthy during week 1, the C. jejuni bacteria was not present
in his gut microbiome. In week 3, when he felt sick, C. jejuni
was present. Therefore, C. jejuni is probably the cause of his
sickness.
Argument Two: Patient 23 felt sick during week 3 because
he was infected with the C. jejuni bacteria. C. jejuni is very bad
for you. He probably ate something spoiled. My sister got
food poisoning once.

Help I going to fell I have to 11:59 help please Its amplify ScienceThese two arguments both answer the

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:I would put argument 2, because C.jejuni is bad r

what is a metal with 20 protons?

Answers

Answer: Calcium

Hope this helps

aseous methane will react with gaseous oxygen to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water . Suppose 5.5 g of methane is mixed with 13.9 g of oxygen. Calculate the maximum mass of carbon dioxide that could be produced by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to significant digits.

Answers

Answer:

There is 9.6 grams of CO2 produced

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of methane = 5.50 grams

Molar mass of methane = 16.04 g/mol

Mass of oxygen = 13.9 grams

Molar mass of oxygen = 32.0 g/mol

Step 2: The reaction

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Step 3: Calculate number of moles

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles methane = 5.50 grams / 16.04 g/mol

Moles methane = 0.343 moles

Moles oxygen = 13.9 grams / 32.0 g/mol

Moles oxygen = 0.434 moles

For 1 mol CH4 we need 2 moles O2 to produce 1 mol CO2 and 2 moles H2O

O2 is the limiting reactant. It will completely react (0.434 moles).

There will react 0.434/2 = 0.217 moles CH4

There will remain 0.343-0.217 = 0.126 moles CH4

There will be produced 0.434 moles of H2O and

0.434/2 =0.217 moles of CO2

Step 4: Calculate mass of products

Mass = moles * molar mass

Mass CO2 = 0.217 moles ¨44.01 g/mol

Mass CO2 = 9.6 grams

Mass H2O = 0.434 moles * 18.02

Mass H2O = 7.8 grams

Which is composed of aromatic hydrocarbons?
clothing
barbeque fuel
pain relievers
O polyvinyl chloride

Answers

Answer:

the answer is pain relievers

Which is composed of aromatic hydrocarbons?

clothing

barbeque fuel

pain relievers

polyvinyl chloride

Pain relievers are composed of aromatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, option C is correct.

What are aromatic hydrocarbons ?

Hydrocarbons with delocalized pi electrons and sigma bonds between their carbon atoms are known as aromatic hydrocarbons. One example is benzene. Since they smell, they are said to as aromatic.

One aromatic ring makes up monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs). The well-known environmental contaminants benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes are among the most combustible and water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX).

The typical aromatic parent structure is benzene. When the benzene ring is a substituent, it is referred to as a phenyl group.

Thus, Pain relievers are make up of aromatic hydrocarbons, option C is correct.

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Silicon carbide (sic) is an important ceramic material that is made by allowing sand (silicon dioxide, sio2) to react with powdered carbon at high temperature. When 10 kg of sand (sio2) is used in the reaction, what is the amount (in grams) of co being produced?.

Answers

Actual mass of CO recovered is 99.4g

Balance equation is : SiO2 + 3C    SiC + 2CO

Molar mass of CO is 28.01 g/mol

Moles of CO = given mass/molecular mass = 100/28.1 = 3.55mol

mass = moles of sio2 x molecular mass

Actual mass = 3.55mol of CO x 28 = 99.4g

The amount of matter that makes up an element's atom, or atomic mass. It is expressed as a multiple of 1.992646547 1023 gram, which is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, which has an atomic mass of 12 units. 1 atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to 1.660539040 1024 grams on this scale. An indicator of an element's atomic mass is the atomic mass unit (AMU or amu). The atomic mass unit (AMU), also called the dalton (Da) or the unified atomic mass unit (u), expresses both atomic and molecular masses. Only 1/1,836 the mass of a proton, 9.1093837015 1031 kg, is the rest mass of an electron. Therefore, compared to a proton or neutron, an electron is thought to be almost massless, and the electron mass

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I will pay anyone $25 dollars to do
My chemistry homework text me ASAP !!!!

Answers

Answer:

why would you do that...

how many moles are in 1.20 times 10^25 atoms of phosphorus

Answers

19.927 moles are in 1.20 times \(10^{25}\) atoms of phosphorus.

What are moles?

A mole is defined as 6.02214076 ×\(10^{23}\) of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others.

1 mole of any substance contain Avogadro's number of molecules so we can calculate the number of moles by dividing the provided number of atoms over Avogadro's number to obtain the number of moles .

Moles= \(\frac{Atoms}{\;Avogadro's \;number }\)

Moles=  1.20 X \(10^{25}\) atoms ÷ 6.022 X \(10^{23}\)

= 19.927

Hence, 19.927 moles are in 1.20 times \(10^{25}\) atoms of phosphorus.

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What happens at the melting point temperature of a substance?
A) temperature change
B) phase change solid -> liquid
C) phase change liquid -> gas
D) Nothing occurs

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Melting point, temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium. As heat is applied to a solid, its temperature will increase until the melting point is reached. More heat then will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change.

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