What are the nator new substances (molecules) in a chemical equation called?
Answers
Answer:
A chemical reaction is the process in which atoms present in the starting substances rearrange to give new chemical combinations present in the substances formed by the reaction. These starting substances of a chemical reaction are called the reactants, and the new substances that result are called the products.
Related Questions
Peptide growth factors act through which of the following types of signal receptors? G protein-coupled receptors O ligand-gated ion channels O receptor tyrosine kinases intracellular receptors
Answers
Peptide growth factors act through receptor tyrosine kinases types of signal receptors. Peptide growth factors are substances that control cell growth and differentiation in multicellular organisms.
Peptide growth factors stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, and are essential for the growth and maintenance of normal tissues. Increased cellular proliferation, a fundamental feature of cancer, has been linked to increased peptide growth factor synthesis and release by the host. Peptide growth factor receptors are a vital component of the intracellular signaling systems that control gene expression and cell behavior in response to various extracellular stimuli. Receptor tyrosine kinases have intracellular tyrosine kinase activity, which is activated when peptide growth factors bind to the extracellular domain of the receptor.
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An organism has 50 chromosomes in its body cells, how many chromosomes are in it’s sex cells?
Answers
There would be 25 chromosomes in the organism's sex cells, also called gametes.
This is because, during sexual reproduction, two gametes unite to form a zygote. Their chromosomes in this case combine to make 50. (Humans have 46 chromosomes in their body cells and 23 in their gametes.)
In short, the number of chromosomes in the gamete is half the number of chromosomes in the body cells.
How much atp is required for photosynthesis to occur in
Answers
Answer:
It requires the energy-releasing cleavage of high energy bonds of 18 ATPs and 12 NADPHs.
Explanation:
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According to Chargoff’s rule: A always bonds with _________ and G always bonds with _________.
1)A,G
2)C,T
3)G,A
4)T,C
Answers
Which of these observations does NOT provide evidence for the heliocentric model of our solar system?
Planets move in elliptical orbits.
Comets move in regular, elliptical orbits.
Venus shows phases, just like the Moon.
Earth's gravitational pull keeps its moon in orbit.
Answers
Answer:
D. Earth's gravitational pull keeps its moon in orbit
Explanation:
Why is it necessary to separate oxgynated blood and deoxgynated blood in living organisums?
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Answer:
For efficient transportation of blood.
Explanation:
Protein synthesis is a major function of living cells. The type of protein synthesized by a cell is determined by the sequence of
A carbohydrates
Blipids
C nucleotide
D) amino acids
Answers
Answer:
the answer is amino acids. and also the end product of protein
Which of the following characteristics of gene expression is shared by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Signal sequences are needed for the production of membrane proteins.
Transcription of an mRNA is temporally separated from its translation.
Ribosomes attach to the plasma membrane when producing secreted proteins.
Translation occurs before transcription.
Answers
The correct option is: Signal sequences are needed for the production of membrane proteins.Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells share the characteristic of needing signal sequences for the production of membrane proteins.
What is gene expression?
The process of gene expression occurs when genetic information, specifically DNA, is used to synthesize proteins. The process of gene expression is influenced by various factors, including the size and complexity of the genome, the number of protein-coding genes present, the type of cells involved, and the environment. There are a variety of mechanisms by which the regulation of gene expression can occur, including transcription factors and post-transcriptional modifications.
Significance of signal sequences: Signal sequences are a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as previously stated. They are protein domains that help in the proper sorting and transportation of proteins within the cell.
Signal sequences are essential for membrane proteins, which are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, to be transported to the plasma membrane. In the nucleus, proteins are synthesized and then exported to the cytoplasm, where they are processed and sorted before being transported to their final destination within the cell.
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Explain how you measure Enzyme activity within the graduated cylinder?
Answers
Answer:
You measure the oxygen level in the graduated cylinder
Explanation:
For example, after setting up the apparatus, you will then measure the amount of O2 collected in the graduated cylinder after one minute. If the amount of O2 produced after one minute of reaction time is 32 mL, then the enzyme activity is: 32 mL/1 min= 32 mL/min.
Which of the following is FALSE: All three types of cytoskeletal elements can be found in the cytoplasm but only microtubules are also found in the nucleus. The subunits for microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments are αβ heterodimers, tetramers of various proteins, and G-actin monomers, respectively. The major groups of associated proteins with microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments are MAPs, plectins, and actin-binding proteins, respectively. Microtubule assembly requires GTP, actin filament assembly requires ATP, and intermediate filaments do not require GTP or ATP.
Answers
The statement "only microtubules are also found in the nucleus" is FALSE.
Which statement is false regarding Microtubules?
The FALSE statement among the options is: All three types of cytoskeletal elements can be found in the cytoplasm but only microtubules are also found in the nucleus. In fact, neither microtubules nor actin filaments are found in the nucleus, while intermediate filaments can be found in the nucleus in the form of nuclear lamins.
While it is true that microtubules can be found in the nucleus, intermediate filaments and actin filaments have also been found to be present in the nucleus. The subunits and associated proteins mentioned in the other statements are true. Additionally, microtubule assembly requires GTP, actin filament assembly requires ATP, and intermediate filaments do not require GTP or ATP, which is also true.
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Which of the following is the primary mechanism to block polyspermy in humans and cattle.
Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane also called the vitelline membrane.
Inactivation of sperm within the perivitelline space.
Modification to the zona pellucida that prevents further sperm penetration.
A mechanism within the cytoplasm of the oocyte that allows only 1 sperm to participate in syngamy.
Answers
The primary mechanism to block polyspermy in humans and cattle is modification to the zona pellucida that prevents further sperm penetration.
The zona pellucida is a thick layer of glycoproteins that surrounds the oocyte. It is essential for sperm binding and penetration. After the first sperm penetrates the zona pellucida, it triggers a series of events that make the zona pellucida impenetrable to other sperm. These events include:
The zona pellucida becomes thicker and more rigid.
The zona pellucida becomes more negatively charged, which repels other sperm.
The zona pellucida releases enzymes that break down the membranes of other sperm.
These events prevent polyspermy, which is the fertilization of an oocyte by more than one sperm. Polyspermy can lead to genetic abnormalities and the death of the embryo.
The other options are incorrect. Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane also called the vitelline membrane is a secondary mechanism that helps to block polyspermy. Inactivation of sperm within the perivitelline space is a mechanism that is used by some animals, but not humans or cattle.
A mechanism within the cytoplasm of the oocyte that allows only 1 sperm to participate in syngamy is a tertiary mechanism that is also used by some animals, but not humans or cattle.
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How is facilitated diffusion different from simple diffusion? a) facilitated diffusion requires the use of a transport protein and energy in the form of ATP b)facilitated diffusion and a simple diffusion both requires energy but facilitated diffusion uses a transport protein c)facilitated diffusion requires a transport protein d)Facilitated diffusion requires energy in the form of ATP
Answers
Answer:
a) facilitated diffusion requires the use of a transport protein and energy in the form of ATP
Explanation:
Diffusion is defined as the movement of substances from high to lower concentration across a potential gradient. Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion are two different types of diffusion.
Simple diffusion does not require energy while facilitated diffusion requires energy in the form of ATP. Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport in which transport protein and energy is used in the form of ATP that allow the movement of substances across the cell membrane. There are majorly three types of proteins involved in facilitated diffusions such as channel proteins, carrier proteins, and gated channel proteins.
While in simple diffusion, pumps are used to move the substance across the membrane.
Hence, the correct answer is "a".
Answer:
a) facilitated diffusion requires the use of a transport protein and energy in the form of ATP
Explanation:
In simple diffusion, the molecules can pass only in the direction of concentration gradient. In facilitated diffusion, the molecules can pass both in direction and opposite of the concentration gradient. Simple diffusion permits the passage of only small and nonpolar molecules across the plasma membrane.
Keystone species can have significant influences over several populations in a community through:____.
Answers
Keystone species can have significant influences on several populations in a community through the effect of high amounts of biomass and energy transfer between populations.
A keystone species is a type of organism that defines the whole ecosystem and hold together the complicated network of relationships between the organisms.
These species have immense importance in an ecosystem and serve as the key drivers of the entire system.
Without these species, the ecosystem would stop dramatically or cease to exist at all.
Undoubtedly, they have less function redundancy yet the maximum impact on the working and existence of the entire ecosystem.
They can be plants, animals, or microorganisms, for example, elephants, sea otters, and wolves.
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Describe the goals of Captain Richard Sparks’ expedition. Was he successful in meeting his goals? Why or why not?
Answers
Answer:
A. The goals of the expedition include;
1. To find out if the river could allow for entry into Santa Fe for the purpose of trade
2. To find out the Southwestern and Western borders of the Louisiana Purchase with Spain.
3. To obtain scientific information on the topography, flora, fauna, and places of settlement within the area.
4. To assess the native Americans in the region for possible relations with them.
B. He was not successful
C. The group was intercepted by Spanish Soldiers who received orders to shoot any intruding crew.
Explanation:
President Thomas Jefferson of the United States ordered the Captain Richard Sparks expedition so as to discover the headwaters of the Red River for the above -stated reasons. It was a 45 man group armed with some soldiers for protection and the military leader of the group was Captain Richard Sparks.
The expedition was not successful as the crew was interrupted 615 miles into the trip, by some Spanish Soldiers who had orders from their government to shoot any ship with such mission. An official from the U.S government leaked information about the expedition to the Spanish government, thus prompting this action.
Consider the following two statements about succession.
Student 1:
Matthew - As succession begins, communities tend to be dominated by mostly K-selected species. As succession continues, r-selected species tend to compete better and therefore become more and more common.
Student 2:
Iman - As succession begins, communities tend to be dominated by mostly r-selected species. As succession continues, K-selected species tend to compete better and therefore become more and more common.
Which student is correct?
a. Provide a rationale for your answer (2 marks)
b. Provide a specific example of succession which includes at least one example of an r-selected and one example of a K-selected species. (1 mark)
Note - No marks are earned by simply agreeing with either Matthew or Iman
Answers
MARKING BRAINLEST!! i need the answers to Q11 and 14
Answers
Explanation:
can you post it in text format? it would be slightly convenient.
Why do dogs shed a lot of hair?
Answers
Answer:
In healthy dogs, shedding is typically a natural way for your dog to rid itself of the old, unneeded and/or damaged hair that makes up its undercoat.
A teacher performs a demonstration of cellular transport by placing a raisin in pure water. After 24 hours, the students check the raisin and find that it has swollen and has a greater mass than before it was placed in the water.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: it will swell after 24 hrs
Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?
The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.
The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.
The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.
The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.
The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.
The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.
The sequence of phosphates along each DNA strand.
The sequence of phosphates along each DNA strand.
Answers
Answer: The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA
Explanation: The sequence of the nucleotides directly code for each trait. The genetic code is contingent on the sequence of the bases- if the order is changed (you will learn about this in genetic mutation), it would create a different code, which could possibly create a totally different gene depending on which base is changed.
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Lacia
The sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA molecules is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism
What is DNA?Every living thing has self-replicating genetic material called DNA. It is a repository for all genomic data. It contains instructions that let organisms to develop, grow, survive, and reproduce. It's a big molecule with a genetic "code" in it. The foundation of human development is this genetic code. However, external factors including diet, lifestyle, and the environment influencing human evolution may have an impact.Nucleotide molecules, which make up DNA, are its constituent parts. The carbon-sugar group, phosphate group, and nitrogen base are the three elements that make up a DNA molecule. The four other nitrogen bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanosine (G), and thymine (T).3 billion base pairs make up the distinctive human DNA, which is what makes it unique. But 99.9% of them are universal to humans. What information must be coded in order to support the growth and development of the organism is determined by the order of these bases. During transcription, when DNA is copied, a substance called as RNA is produced (Ribonucleic Acid). It is this RNA's job to convert genetic information from DNA to protein, which is then read by ribosomes.To learn more about DNA, refer to https://brainly.com/question/16099437
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California, a city that is far inland, such as Sacramento, is typically warmer than a city near the coast, such as San Francisco agree or disagree why
Answers
The influence of the ocean is what make Sacramento much warmer in contrast to California.
Why is Sacramento warmer?Inland cities, such as Sacramento, are typically warmer than cities near the coast, such as California , because they are farther away from the cooling influence of the ocean. The ocean has a moderating effect on temperature, which means it can help to keep temperatures cooler in coastal areas.
In contrast, inland cities can experience more extreme temperatures because they are not protected by the ocean's cooling influence. Additionally, the temperature in inland cities is often affected by the "heat island" effect, which is when urban areas experience higher temperatures due to the concentration of human-made structures and surfaces that absorb and retain heat.
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An aeolipile
is a device powered by
steam. When heated,
water in the bulb
produces steam. The
bulb rotates as the
steam escapes from the
nozzles. People were
making these devices
as long as 2,000 years
ago. How do you think
they came up with the
idea even though they
aeolipile
did not have our modern understanding of
science? State your claim. Provide evidence
support the claim, and explain your reason
Answers
Though the understanding of modern science eluded ancient inventors, they were never without the understanding of elementary science such as mathematics. The practical applications of mathematics were utilized in the development of aeolipile.
The famous Library of Alexandria was in its heyday during Heron's time, and Heron is thought to have lectured in the Museum of Alexandria, a meeting place for scientists and academics. It is in these gatherings pertinent and prevailing subjects such as Architectural equipment for lifting huge items, techniques of calculating surfaces and volumes - including a way of computing the square root, war machines, and light manipulation utilizing reflection and mirrors are all examples of inventions.
Rather than focusing on numerical connections and arcane, abstract mathematical concepts, he investigated the practical applications of mathematics. Evidence supporting this claim was the number of inventions that came around the time the aeolipile was invented. These inventions include A coin operated 'Holy Water Dispenser'; A water organ; Heron's Fountain (an instrument that used air pressure to produce a jet of water); The Dioptra (a surveying device); A primitive, programmable robot (automaton) and a fire engine.
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how do cells keep cytoplasmic glucose concentration low quizlet
Answers
Cells regulate and maintain low cytoplasmic glucose concentration through various mechanisms: Glucose uptake, Glycolysis and metabolism, Storage as glycogen, Insulin signaling and Gluconeogenesis inhibition.
Glucose uptake: Cells control the amount of glucose entering the cytoplasm through glucose transporters on their cell membrane. These transporters, such as GLUT1 and GLUT4, facilitate the transport of glucose into the cell. The number and activity of these transporters can be regulated to adjust glucose uptake.
Glycolysis and metabolism: Once glucose enters the cytoplasm, it undergoes glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, generating energy in the form of ATP. The subsequent metabolism of pyruvate can occur through various pathways, such as the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to further energy production and utilization of glucose.
Storage as glycogen: Cells have the ability to store excess glucose as glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide composed of multiple glucose molecules linked together. This storage form of glucose allows cells to regulate cytoplasmic glucose levels by sequestering excess glucose and releasing it when needed.
Insulin signaling: Insulin, a hormone released by the pancreas, plays a critical role in regulating glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and enhances glycogen synthesis, thereby lowering cytoplasmic glucose concentration. It also inhibits glucose production in the liver, further contributing to glucose regulation.
Gluconeogenesis inhibition: Gluconeogenesis is the process by which cells synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. In order to maintain low cytoplasmic glucose concentration, cells can inhibit gluconeogenesis, preventing the generation of glucose from sources such as amino acids or glycerol.
These mechanisms work together to regulate and maintain a low cytoplasmic glucose concentration, ensuring that glucose is properly utilized for energy production and stored when necessary.
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what is the difference beween respiration and breathing
Answers
Answer:
Breathing: is the physical process of exchanging gases
respiration: is a chemical process that takes place at a cellular level and produces energy.
If a prey population decreases, then the predator population
decreases. The prey population is considered a(n)?
Answers
Prey is the food of predators, if a prey population decreases, then the predator population decreases. Hence, The prey population is considered a limiting factor.
What are predators?
an animal that preys on other animals and survives by killing and devouring them. predators such as wolves and bears. The natural enemies of rabbits regulate their numbers.
Predation can be classified into four categories: carnivory, herbivory, parasitism, and mutualism. Depending on whether or not the victim dies, each sort of predation can be classified.
The term "prey" refers to the living things that predators eat. Both carnivores and omnivores can be predators. Predators include lions, tigers, sharks, and snakes. If a prey population decreases, then the predator population also decreases. Hence, The prey population is considered a limiting factor.
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Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?.
Answers
The thalamus is the relay center of the brain. It receives afferent impulses from sensory receptors located throughout the body and processes the information for distribution to the appropriate cortical area.
Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?The epithalamus forms the roof of the diencephalon and consists of the pineal gland (an endocrine gland involved in circadian rhythms and the onset of puberty) and the habenular nuclei, whose functions are associated with the limbic system, as it connects to the septal nuclei via a tract called the stria terminalis .
Which area is the gateway to the cerebrum?The thalamus is often described as the gateway to the cerebral cortex. The term “thalamus” is a Greek word meaning inner chamber.
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help plsssssjssssss fasttttt
Answers
Answer:
second one
Explanation:
DNA is alternating
what role does energy play in the growth cycle
Answers
Answer:
A part of energy is stored within the plants. The remaining energy is utilised by plant in their growth and development
Why does your skin wrinkle when you stay
too long in the pool?
A.Because of active transport that makes the pool water get into your cells.
B. Because of passive transport that makes the chlorine move from low to
high concentration making it move into your skin
C. Because of diffusion of water and chlorine into your skin
D. Because of osmosis that makes water inside your skin cells move out to
dissolve the chlorine molecules in the pool
Answers
Answer:
C Because of diffusion of water and chlorine into your skin
Explanation:
b) How does adaptation affect the survival of a species? Why?
Answers
In evolutionary theory, adaptation is the biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment. This enables better survival and reproduction compared with other members of the species, leading to evolution.
Explanation:
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Destroys harmful substances or worn-out cell parts
Answers
It destroys harmful substances or worn-out cell parts is a cell organelle lysosome. it is present in the eukaryotic cell and helps the cell protect itself from the virus or other harmful molecules.
What is the function of the lysosomes in the cell?The lysosome that is present in the cell has maintained an acidic environment because of the active transport of hydrogen from the cytoplasm to the lysosome. Due to its acidic nature, it can degrade the harmful pathogens in the cells and also degrade worn out cells, such as old mitochondria, and in this way, the lysosome protects the cell.
Hence, lysosomes destroy harmful substances or worn-out cell parts.
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