What are the division based on

Answer:The Precambrian Era is the largest on Earth, voering about 600m years, which is around 90% of Earth's age. Nota that this isn't an official era or period, so I recommend calling it "time".

A susystem is system, that functions independently, within another bigger system.

Given all that, let's work trough the differences:

During the precambrian time, some subsystems where not existent.

In the beginning, oceans, lakes and rivers didn't exist, since there still wasn't liquid  on Earth.

Since there wasn't a source of water, trees where also inexistant and started develpoing only later on, when soil was adequate (but still in the precambrian era, remember, it covers about 600 million years).

The geopshere was also different at the start of the Precambrian time. It was more active, there still wasn't inactive volcanoes and these where more common and frequent.

The atmosphere was also very different. Gases at that time where different, and the concentration of these as well.

Explanation: Hope I helped

Answer:

In the 1950's, Linus Pauling became known as the founder of molecular biology due to his discovery of the spiral structure of proteins (Taton, 1964). Pauling's discoveries contributed to Watson and Crick's breakthrough of the DNA double helix.

Explanation:

Answer:

In the 1950's, Linus Pauling became known as the founder of molecular biology due to his discovery of the spiral structure of protein/composition

The observation of swollen ankles in a man who has been standing in one place without moving for a long time is that since the man has not flexed his leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the veins so it stays pooled at his ankles.

This pooling of blood is caused by the force of gravity, which pulls the blood downward and makes it difficult for it to flow back up the veins to the heart. This condition is known as dependent edema and can also occur in other parts of the body that are affected by gravity, such as the feet and lower legs.

Swelling in the ankles is a common symptom of peripheral edema, which can be caused by a variety of factors such as standing or sitting for long periods of time, pregnancy, heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, and certain medications. In the case of the man standing in one place without moving for a long time, it is likely that the lack of movement has caused blood to pool in the veins of the legs and feet, leading to increased pressure and fluid leakage into the surrounding tissues. This accumulation of fluid is what causes the swelling or edema. Factors such as gravity and the lack of movement of the muscles in the legs can contribute to this condition. In some cases, compression stockings or elevating the legs can help to reduce the swelling. However, it is important to determine the underlying cause of peripheral edema and address it to prevent further complications.

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The observation of swollen ankles in a man who has been standing in one place without moving for a long time is that since the man has not flexed his leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the veins so it stays pooled at his ankles.

This pooling of blood is caused by the force of gravity, which pulls the blood downward and makes it difficult for it to flow back up the veins to the heart. This condition is known as dependent edema and can also occur in other parts of the body that are affected by gravity, such as the feet and lower legs.

Swelling in the ankles is a common symptom of peripheral edema, which can be caused by a variety of factors such as standing or sitting for long periods of time, pregnancy, heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, and certain medications. In the case of the man standing in one place without moving for a long time, it is likely that the lack of movement has caused blood to pool in the veins of the legs and feet, leading to increased pressure and fluid leakage into the surrounding tissues. This accumulation of fluid is what causes the swelling or edema. Factors such as gravity and the lack of movement of the muscles in the legs can contribute to this condition. In some cases, compression stockings or elevating the legs can help to reduce the swelling. However, it is important to determine the underlying cause of peripheral edema and address it to prevent further complications.

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When comparing the nervous system to the endocrine system, option b. The endocrine system has more widespread and long-lasting effects applied to the endocrine system.

The endocrine system of the human body is a series of organs and structures that secrete chemical messengers called hormones, which can act on distant organs and long periods.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the endocrine system of the human body is capable of acting on organs located at different parts f the body.

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Answer:

BB

Explanation:

All of their children will have brown eyes because brown eye color is dominant. All of their children will be heterozygous (Bb) for brown eyes.

After a large disturbance, species use to appear again in the area from organisms with lower metabolic needs than organisms with highers. In this orders of ideas, we can say that first, there would be prokaryotes or protists; second, non-vascular plants, and at third, vascular plants, as stated in the last answer option.

Hunting and other new ways of life mark the mesolithic age.

Give a brief description of the mesolithic age.

Between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic is the Old World archaeological period known as the Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age. Particularly outside of northern Europe and for the equivalent time in the Levant and Caucasus, the word "Epipaleolithic" is frequently used synonymously.

Smaller chipped stone tools replaced larger chipped stone stools as the preferred seating option (microliths). Hunting big herds of animals in packs gave way to a more hunter-gatherer way of life. As the Mesolithic Age came to a conclusion, people started cultivating crops and engaging in animal husbandry, which is the controlled raising of domestic animals for food and other purposes. The Mesolithic Age saw the production of a variety of pottery in some parts of the world. The dogs were domesticated during the Mesolithic Age.

Hence, the answer is the mesolithic age.

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Frequent hand washing can remove some of the antimicrobial secretions that naturally occur on our skin.

These secretions are produced by glands in our skin and are composed of various substances, including fatty acids, enzymes, and peptides, which can help to protect our skin from harmful microbes.

When we wash our hands with soap and water, we can remove these secretions along with dirt, oils, and any harmful microbes that may be on our skin.

While this can help to prevent the spread of disease, frequent hand washing can also lead to dryness and irritation of the skin, particularly if the soap used is harsh or if the hands are not properly moisturized afterward.

It's important to balance the need for frequent hand washing with the need to maintain the health and integrity of the skin.

Using mild, moisturizing soap and applying a moisturizer after washing can help to minimize the negative effects of frequent hand washing on the skin.

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Connective tissues support the tissues of the mucosa and connect it to the muscularis layer.

The blood supply of the submucosa provides nutrients to the wall of the stomach. Nervous tissue in the submucosa monitors the contents of the stomach and controls smooth muscle contraction and secretion of digestive substances.

The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach.

The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

Thus, this could be the answer.

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In order for transcription to begin, cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors must interact in both bacteria and eukaryotes. The two groups' approaches to controlling gene regulation at this level, however, differ significantly.

The RNA polymerase component in bacteria recognizes promoters and controls specificity. Activators and repressors can affect how RNA polymerase recognizes promoters by binding to specific locations nearby. Large DNA loops are also created, joining promoters, enhancers, and silencers together. Repressor proteins cause repression loops, which alter the DNA's structure and inhibit RNA polymerase from attaching to promoters.

In eukaryotes, transcriptional control is more complex. Activators and repressors bind to enhancers and silencers, respectively, which are located upstream of the promoter. Chromatin structure may need to be modulated by chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, or DNA modifications to make the promoter accessible.

RNA polymerase II recognizes promoters and initiates transcription, but the initiation requires the formation of a pre-initiation complex that includes transcription factors and RNA polymerase II.

In summary, while both bacteria and eukaryotes use cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors to regulate transcription initiation, the control mechanisms are different and more complex in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic regulation involves chromatin modifications, enhancer and silencer elements, and the formation of a pre-initiation complex.

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The statement that best describes antigenic variation of a parasite is: a) Parasites can change their antigens or create novel antigens.

Antigenic variation refers to the ability of parasites to change their antigens or create new ones. This process is essential for the survival and evasion of the immune system by the parasite. By altering their antigens, parasites can avoid detection and clearance by the host's immune response.

Parasites have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to undergo antigenic variation. They can modify the surface proteins or switch between different antigenic variants. This variation can occur through genetic recombination, gene duplication, or mutation, allowing the parasite to constantly present a different antigenic profile to the immune system.

The ability of parasites to change their antigens or generate novel antigens poses a significant challenge in the development of effective vaccines and treatments. Since the antigens expressed by the parasite can change over time, the immune system may struggle to mount a targeted and long-lasting immune response.

Understanding antigenic variation is crucial in the study of parasitic infections and the development of strategies to control and treat them. By targeting conserved antigens or finding ways to disrupt the antigenic variation mechanisms, researchers aim to develop interventions that can effectively combat parasitic diseases.

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Answer: The correct answer is choice D.

Explanation: We can see on the cladogram that these two are in the same branch and lead to the same common ancestor. These two happen to share the most recent common ancestor, however.

Yes, after completing the analysis, your decision needs correction. It is done to reduce the chances of errors that unknowingly happens.

The decision offers you the chance to colour on the influence and value of your result.

This is especially critical if your study came studying the study problem from an unique or creative perspective.

Training possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the study trial.

Thus, Yes, after completing the analysis, your decision needs correction.

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Answer:

Pulmonary arteries

answer - homeostasis.

Answer:Homeostasis

Explanation: i am smart

Answer:

The out side of the earth is the crust like the out side of an apple is the skin. They also are the top layer of the object.

Explanation:

The specialist's statement is incorrect. An increase in the standard deviation of a stopwatch time study data series does not directly result in a proportional increase in the sample size.

The sample size in a stopwatch time study is determined based on the desired level of precision and the desired level of confidence. The precision is influenced by the standard deviation of the data series, while the confidence level determines the desired level of accuracy.

Increasing the standard deviation of the data series alone does not directly dictate an increase or decrease in the sample size. Instead, it affects the required precision, which in turn affects the sample size. If a higher level of precision is desired due to the increased standard deviation, the sample size may need to be increased to achieve the desired level of accuracy.

To determine the specific effect of the increase in standard deviation on the sample size, additional information is needed, such as the desired level of precision and the desired level of confidence. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the precise impact of the change in standard deviation on the sample size. Therefore, we cannot agree with the specialist's statement without further clarification and specific calculations based on the desired level of precision and confidence.

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A disturbance is any relatively discrete event in time that can disrupt an ecosystem, community, or population structure by changing resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment. The correct answer is D.

It can include natural events such as fires, floods, storms, and volcanic eruptions, as well as human-induced disturbances such as clear-cutting, pollution, and land use changes.

The effect of disturbance on an ecosystem can be direct or indirect, depending on the nature of the event and the organisms involved.

For example, a fire can directly kill many organisms and destroy habitats, but it can also indirectly benefit other organisms by opening up space and releasing nutrients.

Similarly, a change in resource availability or substrate can affect the growth and survival of organisms, alter predator-prey dynamics, and influence community composition.

Therefore, option d, "all of the above," is the correct answer as disturbances can have a range of effects on ecosystems and their inhabitants.

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Answer:

See Below.

Explanation:

Kinetic energy depends on the potential energy of an object but they both have similar factors as they are inter-related. Kinetic energy is the motion of the object depending on its potential.

Potential energy is a positional based value, it literally means what it says, the potential or possibility for the creation of energy.

To demonstrate this think of dropping a ball off of a building:

Answer:

all living things are composed of one or more cells

Explanation:

Answer:

This lag phase is the period when the bacteria are adjusting to the environment. Following the lag phase is the log phase, in which population grows in a logarithmic fashion. As the population grows, the bacteria consume available nutrients and produce waste products.

Explanation:

hope it helps:)

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In the biopharma case, only the last six years were taken into account while analyzing the question for the reason that during that period, there was a significant change in the company's operation and production processes. The year 2008 was taken as the reference year because it marked the beginning of a period where the company had started to diversify and enter new markets.

The company had begun to pursue collaborations and acquisitions to enhance its product range and expand its reach globally.The company had to shift its business strategy in the wake of growing competition from generics and the increasing complexity of drug development.

During this period, the company also focused on innovation and patenting new products to protect its market position and maintain growth in the long run.As a result, the analysis of the company's operations before 2008 would have been less relevant as it would not have reflected the changes in the company's strategy that took place over the last six years. Moreover, using the year 2008 as a reference year would help to evaluate the company's progress and performance over time and measure its growth rate.

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Answer:

The answer is chemical energy

Answer:

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

There are several key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are found in multicellular plants and animals, whereas prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and archaea which are ususlly unicellular. I have summarised the key differences below:

Prokayotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, instead they have circular DNA that is free in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes than eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. Their cell wall is made from a different material to a plant cell, a glycoprotein called murein.

Prokaryotic cells may also have a protective layer called a capsule, flagellum to aid in movement and one or more plasmids.

Explanation:

Answer:

14.

15. picture is above

Explanation:

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