Two meshing helical gears are made of SAE 1040 steel, hardened about to 200 Bhn, and are mounted on parallel shafts 6 in. apart. Determine the horsepower capacity of the gearset (a) Applying the Lewis equation and K, = 1.4 for bending strength and the Buckingham equation for wear strength. (b) Applying the AGMA method on the basis of strength only.

Answer:

Explanation:

Both metal and wooden bowls are at the same temperature . But wood is non-conductor of heat whereas metal is conductor of heat .

If we touch the wooden bowl , heat flows from hot to cold object . Since the finger is at higher temperature , heat flows from finger to wooden bowl . But , since wood is non conducting , it does not allow heat to be conducted through it . Hence very less heat will be conducted from our finger .

On the other hand , if we touch a metal bowl , heat flows from finger to the metal bowl , without any hinderance . Hence rate  of heat flow will be fast in case of metal bowl . As a result of it , we feel cool in touching metal bowl . This feeling will be absent in case of wooden bowl.

Use all clean energy and alternative energy sources concurrently, then increase our reliance on clean energy sources as they become more efficient.

Approximately 80% of the world's population resides in nations that are net importers of fossil fuels; that is, around 6 billion people are reliant on fossil fuels from other countries, making them subject to geopolitical shocks and crises.

Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are available in all nations and their potential has yet to be completely realised. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), renewable energy can and should provide 90 percent of the world's power by 2050.

The ideal alternative to fossil fuels is to combine all clean energy and alternative energy sources, then increase our reliance on clean energy sources as they become more efficient.

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The rate of reaction refers to how quickly or solwly a reaction occurs;

a) Both A and B are second order

b) The rate law of the reaction is R = k[A]^2 [B]^2

c)The rate constant is  5.21 * 10^5 mol-3L^3s-1.

The term rate of reaction refers to how quickly or slowly a reaction occurs.

a) To obtain the order with respect to A, we divide reaction (3) by (2) as follows;

5.01 * 10^-1/1.25 * 10^-1 = k[0.0070]^m [0.14]^n/k[0.0035]^m [0.14]^n

4 = 2^m

2^2 = 2^m

m =2

To obtain the order with respect to B, we divide reaction (2) by (1);

1.25 * 10^-1/3.13 * 10^-2 = k[0.0035]^m [0.014]^n/k[0.0035]^m [0.0070]^n

4 = 2^n

2^2 = 2^n

n = 2

b)The reaction is second order in both A and B hence the rate law is R = k[A]^2 [B]^2

c) We can obtain K using any of the reactions;

0.0313 molL-1s-1 = k[0.0035molL-1]^2 [0.0700molL-1]^2

k = 0.0313 molL-1s-1/[0.0035molL-1]^2 [0.0700molL-1]^2

k = 5.21 * 10^5 mol-3L^3s-1

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Yes, the elements that will be formed in a fusion reaction can be predicted by looking at the combining nuclides.

A nuclear reaction is one in which the nucleus of elements undergo rearrangement to form new nuclei and release energy.

Mass and charge of reactant and product nuclides are conserved in a nuclear reaction.

This implies that we can look at the reactant nuclides and predict the products of the nuclear fusion . This can be done by studying the combining nuclides and taking into cognizance, the balance of mass and charge on both sides of the nuclear reaction equation.

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Answer: Yes it is possible

Explanation: The element that is formed in a fusion can be predicted by looking at the combining elements or nuclides in this case it would be the hydrogen isotopes

Answer:

i believe c. reversible

Explanation:

oxygen combines with hemoglobin and detaches

Answer:

c

Explanation:

same answer i got from quiz

(a) The skin depth for Ni at room temperature and a frequency of 10⁶ Hz is approximately 5.68 micrometers.

(b) The skin depth for glacier ice at 10⁷ Hz is approximately 632 micrometers.

(a) For Ni at room temperature:

Given:

σ₀ = 1.4 × 10⁵ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹

f = 10⁶ Hz

Using the formula for skin depth:

δ = √(2 / (πμσ₀f))

The permeability of free space (μ) is approximately 4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A.

Plugging in the values:

δ = √(2 / (π × 4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A × 1.4 × 10⁵ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ × 10⁶ Hz))

Simplifying the expression:

δ = √(2 / (4π² × 10⁻¹² T·m/A·cm⁻¹ × 1.4 × 10⁵ × 10⁶ Hz))

Converting cm⁻¹ to m⁻¹:

δ = √(2 / (4π² × 10⁻⁵ T·m/A·m⁻¹ × 1.4 × 10⁵ × 10⁶ Hz))

Simplifying further:

δ = √(2 / (4π² × 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ T·m/A·m⁻¹ × 1.4 × 10⁶ Hz))

Calculating the numerical value:

δ ≈ 5.68 × 10⁻⁶ meters or 5.68 micrometers

The skin depth for Ni at room temperature is approximately 5.68 micrometers at a frequency of 10⁶ Hz.

(b) For glacier ice:

Given:

ωₚ = 6 × 10⁹ rad/s

τ = 3 × 10⁻¹⁵ s

f = 10⁷ Hz

To find the conductivity (σ), we use the relation:

σ = ωₚ²τ / (1 + ωₚ²τ²)

Plugging in the values:

σ = (6 × 10⁹ rad/s)² × (3 × 10⁻¹⁵ s) / (1 + (6 × 10⁹ rad/s)² × (3 × 10⁻¹⁵ s)²)

Calculating the numerical value:

σ ≈ 9 × 10⁶ Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹

Now, using the formula for skin depth:

δ = √(2 / (πμσf))

The permeability of free space (μ) is approximately 4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A.

Plugging in the values:

δ = √(2 / (π × 4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A × 9 × 10⁶ Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹ × 10⁷ Hz))

Simplifying the expression:

δ = √(2 / (4π² × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A·m⁻¹ × 9 × 10⁶ × 10⁷ Hz))

Calculating the numerical value:

δ ≈ 6.32 × 10⁻⁴ meters or 632 micrometers

The skin depth for glacier ice at 10⁷ Hz is approximately 632 micrometers.

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answer:

O= 2 atoms

Li= 3 atoms

The correct ground state electron configuration for Sr (strontium) is:

d. [Kr]5s^24d^2.

In the electron configuration, [Kr] represents the noble gas krypton, which comes before strontium in the periodic table and accounts for the filled electron shells prior to strontium. The 5s^2 portion indicates that there are two electrons occupying the 5s orbital, which are the valence electrons of strontium.

Following the noble gas notation, we start with the electron configuration of krypton: [Kr] = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6.

To complete the electron configuration for strontium, we add the remaining electrons. The 5s orbital is lower in energy than the 4d orbital, so the 5s electrons are added before the 4d electrons. Thus, we have [Kr]5s^2.

Finally, since strontium has an atomic number of 38, its full electron configuration is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^2.

This electron configuration accurately represents the distribution of electrons within strontium in its ground state, indicating the specific orbitals and the number of electrons present in each.

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Strontium (Sr)'s precise ground state electron configuration is [Kr]5s2, which is represented by option b in the notation for electron configurations.

The distribution of electrons in the ground state electron configuration of strontium (Sr) depicts the atomic structure of that element.. The electron configuration for a ground state Sr atom is [Kr]5s2. In this configuration, 'Kr' represents a core of electrons identical to that in a krypton atom, and '5s2' indicates two electrons in the 5s subshell. This correct answer aligns with option b [kr]5s2. The core notation [Kr] helps simplify the representation of the electron configuration.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The moles of water produced by the combustion of butane requires 3 steps.  The first is the primary challenge of this question:

1)  Balance the Reaction

 Write the reaction using just chemical formulas.  We know that a combustion reaction produces carbon dioxide and water, so let's start there:

  C4H10 + O2 = CO2 + H2O  

This looks correct - there are no elements that are just on one side (unaccounted for).  Now we need to balance the reaction.  Use pencil and paper for this step.  We can see that although butane consists of only two elements, carbon and oxygen, there are a lot of them.  It is often a good idea to find the most complex molecule and assign it a coefficient of 1 (in pencil), just to get started.

 a)  1C4H10 + O2 = CO2 + H2O  

Now distribute the atoms from butane to the products by assigning them coefficients:

  b)  1C4H10 + O2 = 4CO2 + H2O

The 4 carbons require that we add a coefficient of 4 to CO2, since it is the only possible destination for the carbons.  

The 10 hydrogens must all go to the H2O, so add a 5 to the H2O:

  c)  1C4H10 + O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2O

Now that the carbons and hydrogens are accounted for, work on the oxygens.  As written in c, there are 2 O atoms from the reactants, and (8+5) = 13 O atoms from the products.  This is an annoying outcome:  There will always be an even number of O atoms coming from the O2.  so there is no whole number we can add as the O2 coefficient that will produce an odd number of O atoms.  But an easy resolution is, temporarily, use a fraction for the number of O2 molecules.  If we use a coefficient of 6.5 for the O2, the equation will balance.

 d)  1C4H10 + 6.5O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2O

But we can't have 1/2 of a molecule, so let's multiply all coefficents by 2, so that they are all whole numbers:

 e)  2C4H10 + 13O2 = 8CO2 + 10H2O

That's why we use a pencil.

2.  Determine the molar ratio of the water to the butane

The important thing to note is that the balanced equation tells us that we should expect 10 moles of H2O for every 2 moles of C4H10, a molar ratio of 5/1 moles water/mole butane.  This is a conversion factor:  (5 moles H2O)/(1 mole C4H10)

3.  Find the moles of water produced

It took a while to get to this point, "but the end is near."  We are given 2.49x10^-2 moles of butane.  Simply multiply that times the molar ratio we derived above:

A lot of work for 2.24 grams of water.  I suggest finding a water fountain instead.

Answer:

b. mass A → moles A → moles B

Explanation:

hope this helps

To convert from mass of A to moles of B in a stoichiometry problem the steps required is mass A → moles A → moles B.

Relation between moles (n) and mass will be represented by showing the below formula:

n = W/M, where

W = given mass

M = molar mass

So the calculate the moles of B from the stoichiometry of the reaction:

Hence the required steps are mass A → moles A → moles B.

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The molar absorptivity of compound X is approximately 7.99 × 10^3 M^(-1) cm^(-1).

To calculate the molar absorptivity of compound X, we can use the Beer-Lambert Law, which states that the absorbance of a sample is directly proportional to its concentration and the molar absorptivity.

The Beer-Lambert Law equation is given by:

A = ɛ * c * l

Where:

A is the absorbance,

ɛ (epsilon) is the molar absorptivity,

c is the concentration of the compound in moles per liter (M), and

l is the path length in centimeters (cm).

Given:

Absorbance of compound X solution (A) = 0.331

Path length (l) = 1.000 cm

Concentration of compound X (c) = 4.14 × 10^(-5) M

We can rearrange the equation to solve for the molar absorptivity (ɛ):

ɛ = A / (c * l)

Substituting the given values:

ɛ = 0.331 / (4.14 × 10^(-5) M * 1.000 cm)

Calculating the result:

ɛ ≈ 7.99 × 10^3 M^(-1) cm^(-1)

Therefore, the molar absorptivity of compound X is approximately 7.99 × 10^3 M^(-1) cm^(-1).

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Answer:

\(pH=14.2\)

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the information in this problem, and considering these two bases are strong, it is necessary for us to calculate the total moles of OH ions as shown below:

\(n_{OH^-}^{from\ NaOH}=0.050L*1.0mol/L=0.050mol\\\\n_{OH^-}^{from\ Ba(OH)_2}=0.050L*1.0mol/L*2=0.10mol\\\\n_{OH^-}^{tot}=0.15mol\)

Now, the as the solutions are additive, the total volume is then 0.100 L and the concentration:

\([OH^-]=\frac{0.15mol}{0.100L}=1.5\)

And therefore, the pH is:

\(pH=14+log(1.5)\\\\pH=14.2\)

Regards!

Answer:

HCL is your the answer of which is the acid

The acid should be considered as the HCL namely hydrogen chloride (HCl).

It is used for neutralization the alkaline agents that acted as the bleaching agent in terms of food, textile, metal.

It should be neutralized at the time of realization into the soil. And, hydrolyzed when it should be exposed to water.

hence, the second option is correct.

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Liquid-liquid extraction or partitioning is a method of separation of compounds based on their relative solubility in two different immiscible solvents in which one solvent is usually polar in nature and the other is usually nonpolar in nature.

Liquid-liquid extraction is a technique that enables the separation of two or more solutes in a mixture based on their respective solubilities in two different immiscible solvents.

The method is widely used in the organic and biochemical research fields due to its ability to extract and purify a vast range of compounds.

The liquid-liquid extraction process is frequently employed in medicinal research, environmental science, forensic science, and a variety of other fields.

The method of liquid-liquid extraction is based on the differences in solubility of the solutes in two immiscible solvents. These two solvents, which are usually polar and non-polar, are selected to enable the maximum separation of the solutes in a mixture by providing a favourable environment for each solute.

When the solutes are introduced into the system, they partition themselves between the two solvents in proportion to their solubility in each.

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The three step for the synthesis of 3-bromocyclopentene are: bromination, reaction with tert-butoxide and at last reaction with ester.

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Volume at standard condition will be 0.18 L.

Volume at standard conditions can be calculated by using Combined Gas Law. Combined Gas Law gives the relation between Pressure, Temperature, and Volume of gas. This law is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law, and Gay Lussac's law. It can be expressed as :

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

Given:

P₁ = 70.00kPa = 0.69 atm

V₁ = 300.00 mL = 0.3 L

T₁ = 30.00 ° C = 303 K

At the Standard conditions:

P₂ = 1 atm

T₂ = 273 K

V₂ = ?

Substituting the values in the above-given equation:

0.69 × 0.3 / 303 = 1 × V₂ / 273

V₂ = 0.18 L

At standard conditions, the volume is calculated as 0.18 L.

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Answer:

The correct answer is - nitrogen is solvent and other gases present in the air are solutes.

Explanation:

As it is given and we know that the earth's atmosphere is made up of various gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor, however, the major part of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen.

Air is a homogenous mixture of gases and most of the part of the air is, 78.08 percent, nitrogen makes it solvent and other gases mixed with nitrogen are solutes including carbon dioxide and oxygen.

The new pressure of the gas is 2.176atm. Boyle's Law will be applied to this issue. According to this rule, the pressure and volume fluctuate inversely when a gas is kept in a closed container and maintained at a constant temperature.

Given,

a sample of gas occupies 4 liters (V1)

the volume is changed to 2 liters (V2)

Temperature(T1) =25C

STP means p = 1 atm and T = 273.15 K

T2 = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K

The following is its mathematical expression:

p1V1 / T1 = p2V2 / T2

1 x 4 / 273.15 = p x 2 / 298.15

= 0.0146 = p*2/298.15

= 0.0146 *298.15 = 2p

  2p = 4.352

therefore,

p = 4.352/2

p = 2.176

p = 2.176 atm

the new pressure of the gas is 2.176atm.

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A cell with iron and chromium electrodes in an electrolyte can convert Fe²+ to Fe and Cr to Cr³⁺. The anode is Cr, the cathode is Fe, and the voltage is 0.56 V. The balanced equation is: 2Fe²⁺ + Cr --> 2Fe + Cr³⁺

The cell for this reaction would consist of two half-cells:

Anode: \($\mathrm{Cr \rightarrow Cr^{3+} + 3e^-}$\)

Cathode:\($\text{Fe}^{2+} + 2\text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{Fe}$\)

The overall reaction is:

\(2Fe^{2+} + Cr \rightarrow 2Fe + Cr^{3+}\)

The anode is where oxidation occurs, and the cathode is where reduction occurs. In this case, the anode is the half-cell with the chromium metal, and the cathode is the half-cell with the iron(ii) ion.

To calculate the voltage of the cell, we need to find the standard reduction potentials for each half-reaction and use the equation:

E°cell = E°reduction (cathode) - E°oxidation (anode)

The standard reduction potential for Fe2+ to Fe is -0.44 V, and the standard reduction potential for Cr3+ to Cr is -0.74 V.

E°cell = (-0.44 V) - (-0.74 V) = 0.30 V

So the voltage of the cell is 0.30 V.

The electron flow would be from the anode to the cathode, with electrons leaving the chromium metal and entering the iron(ii) ion to form iron metal.

The anode is the half-cell with the chromium metal, and the cathode is the half-cell with the iron(ii) ion.

The balanced overall equation is:  2Fe²⁺ + Cr --> 2Fe + Cr³⁺

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Answer:

yields Carbon Dioxide and Water

Explanation:

When salt is dissolved in water, it dissociates into sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-) ions. These ions interact with water molecules, causing changes in the properties of the solution. One such change is the effect on the boiling and freezing point of the solution.

The boiling point of a solution is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure. When salt is added to water, the boiling point of the solution increases. This is because the presence of salt ions in the solution causes a decrease in the vapor pressure of the liquid. As a result, the temperature required to reach the boiling point is raised. Therefore, more energy must be applied to the solution in order to bring it to its boiling point.

The boiling point elevation of a solution is proportional to the concentration of salt in the solution.The freezing point of a solution is the temperature at which the liquid solidifies or freezes. When salt is added to water, the freezing point of the solution decreases. This is because the salt ions attract water molecules, causing the formation of hydrates that disrupt the crystalline structure of ice. As a result, it becomes harder for water to form ice, so the freezing point of the solution is lowered.

The freezing point depression of a solution is also proportional to the concentration of salt in the solution.

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Answer:

No matter how well how much you accomplish, or how much good you put into the world, you will always have haters. An unfortunate aspect of life is that some people hate when others do well.It’s just a way of life.some people just are jealous but dont let people brake you down.

Explanation:

hope this helps

37 percent is the increase in percentage.

The air bubbles locked in ice sheets as well as glaciers over Earth's previous three glacial cycles are used in the second graph to depict carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during those periods. Human activities had boosted atmospheric CO2 approximately 50% since the start of the industrial era (in the 18th and 19th centuries), bringing it to 150% of it's own value in 1750.

Actually 282 ppm means 282 gm of CO2 is in 1 million gm of air similarly 382 ppm means 387 gm is in 1 million gm of air . Increase in mass of CO2 387-282 = 105 gm .

So percentage increase= (105× 100)÷282= 37%

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The additive that improves water's ability to penetrate porous materials such as bales of cotton, stacked hay, or mattresses and increases water's efficiency for heat absorption is a wetting agent or surfactant.


1. Wetting agents or surfactants are substances that reduce the surface tension of water, making it more effective at penetrating porous materials.
2. When added to water, these agents break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, making the water "wetter."
3. As a result, the water can more easily penetrate porous materials like cotton bales, hay, or mattresses, reaching deeper into their structure.
4. This increased penetration allows for more efficient heat absorption, as the water can access and cool a larger portion of the material.
5. In firefighting applications, for example, wetting agents help water penetrate burning materials more effectively, making it easier to extinguish fires.

Wetting agents or surfactants are the additives that improve water's ability to penetrate porous materials and increase its efficiency for heat absorption.

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The ability of glass to behave in some kind of a superplastic manner and to experience extremely large uniform elongations above high temperatures is a feature that makes it possible to produce bottles.

The term "material" describes something that is used to create another item. Cloth or any other item formed of matter that exists throughout the physical world can be referred to as material. As just a noun and also an adjective, "material" has several more meanings.

Metals, polymers, plus ceramics are the three main categories of materials. Steel, fabric, and ceramics are a few examples of them. These classes often have quite distinct origins, traits, and uses.

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Answer:

Mass of MgF₂ formed = 40.5 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of NaF = 55 g

Mass of MgF₂ formed =  ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2NaF  +  Mg      →     MgF₂ + 2Na

Number of moles of NaF:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 55 g / 41.98 g/mol

Number of moles = 1.3 mol

now we will compare the moles of sodium fluoride with magnesium fluoride.

                     NaF       :          MgF₂

                       2          :             1

                     1.3          :        1/2×1.3 =  0.65 mol

Mass of magnesium fluoride:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.65 mol × 62.3 g/mol

Mass = 40.5 g

The physical mechanism causing the change in strength when using brine as the pore fluid is the presence of salt ions that weaken the interparticle bonds. Salt can reduce the shear strength of clays by increasing the repulsive forces between clay particles.

The strength of clay types at 50% water content can vary depending on whether DI water or brine is used as the pore fluid. Generally, there is a significant difference in strength between the two.

The presence of salt in brine can have an effect on the shear strength of clays. When salt is dissolved in water, it creates ions that can interact with the clay particles. These interactions can lead to the formation of electrical double layers around the clay particles, which can increase the interparticle repulsion and decrease the shear strength of the clay.

On the other hand, when DI water is used as the pore fluid, there is no presence of salt ions to affect the interparticle interactions. As a result, the clay particles can have stronger bonds and higher shear strength compared to when brine is present.

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Answer:

As a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, its molecules first the molecules are moving fast enough, they are able to "escape." They leave the surface of the liquid as gas molecules. Evaporation is not the only process that can change a substance from a liquid to a gas. The same change can occur through boiling.

Explanation:

hopfully this helps!