True or false? mass extinctions occur gradually, one species at a time. 10 points
Answers
This claim is untrue. The rapid, severe extinction of species that follows major, sudden changes in the environment is referred to as mass extinction.
What causes mass extinctions?Extreme temperature variations, fluctuating sea levels, and catastrophic, one-time occurrences like an asteroid striking Earth or a large volcano erupting in the past have all contributed to mass extinctions. We are aware of them because the fossil record shows how life has evolved.
How soon do mass extinctions take place?According to new research, the cycle of the planet's numerous periodic mass extinctions, which connects the five major ones to numerous smaller ones that have occurred over the course of its life-supporting history, lasts approximately 27 million years.
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Related Questions
which bone allows small degrees of motion in two degrees of freedom
Answers
Bone which allows small degrees of motion in two degrees of freedom is the shoulder joint.
Shoulder Joint BonesThe bone that allows small degrees of motion in two degrees of freedom is the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing movement in two planes - flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.
The shoulder joint consists of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The humerus is connected to the scapula at the glenoid cavity. The ball of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity, creating a joint capsule that is lined with a thin synovial membrane. This membrane secretes a lubricating synovial fluid, which helps facilitate motion at the joint.
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is it okay to use the organs of the deceased person without the family's consent if this is the only way to save someone's life?
Answers
Answer:
it is not okay
Explanation:
no matter what the purpose is for, the family of the deceased has every right to know what will happen to the body of the deceased
An agricultural biologist was evaluating two newly developed varieties of wheat as potential crops. In an experiment, seedlings were germinated on moist paper towels at 20ºC for 48 hours. Oxygen consumption of the two-day-old seedlings was measured at different temperatures. The data are shown in the graph below. In a second experiment, variety A seedlings at both temperatures were treated with a chemical that prevents NADH from being oxidized to NAD+. Predict the most likely effect of the chemical on metabolism and oxygen consumption of the treated seedlings. Explain your prediction.
Answers
Answer:
The definition is listed in the clarification segment below, and according to the present circumstances.
Explanation:
It undergoes different morphological as well as biochemical modifications mostly during germination. Product contains nutrients and even some hydrolases such as energy, carbohydrates. Owing to the availability of phytic compounds, the seed coat seems to be very durable in nature. Hydrolytic enzymes launch their function by consuming oxygen throughout order to remove this hard coating. In several other processes, including the electron transport system as well as the Kreb process, oxygen also becomes necessary.
The initial phase of germinating seeds requires anaerobic environments where even the enzymes dehydrogenase can function. The subsequent dehydrogenase enzyme brings the electron throughout the electron transport system from either the base to oxygen. Unless the oxygen frequency is compared with varieties A and B, it can be seen through the analysis that variety B actually absorbed more oxygen. Oxygen intake rates are also depending upon period.The impact of temperature mostly on absorption of oxygen seems to be present. Shift the supply at low temperatures have a low intake of oxygen, while varieties grown over extreme temperatures use much more oxygen. The metabolism of such a seedling is influenced by temperature. Metabolically active young plants display a larger intake of oxygen.please solve, will give brainlyist
Answers
The local climate is a key determinant of the last stage of a pond's succession.
The ecosystem reaches a point of ecological stability within the plant community during the last stage of ecological succession as the plants develop and become established throughout time. The diversity of plant species have attained their maximal capacity for growth at this stage of stability. The culmination stage marks the end of the aquatic succession. If there are no disturbances like wildfires or storms, the vegetation is in harmony with the environment during this stage. Wind, fire, natural catastrophes, erosion, and other climatic conditions are only a few. Activities of other creatures are included in the biotic factors. Several early ecologists believed that what a community always experiences the same succession of phases.
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This illustration shows a kind of animal that is a parasitic organism.
What is the common name of this organism?
A. fluke
B. amoeba
C. tapeworm
D. planarian
Answers
Answer:
The parasitic organism that is shown in the ilustration is planarian.
Explanation:
A is not correct because the fluke has much different phisical appearance, being roughly leaf-shaped and flat.
B is not the correct option because the amoeba is a much simpler organism than the depicted one, and it is not a parasitic one for that matter.
C is not correct because the tapeworm is much longer, flatter, and exhibits darker coloration.
D is correct because the organism on the illustration matches the physical appearance of a planarian worm, which is also a parasitic organism.
Answer:
A fluke
Explanation:
i took the test
which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain?
Answers
B is the letter that shows the shape wherein cranial nerve fibers from the retina pass to the alternative side of the brain.
The fibers in cranial nerves have four different purposeful kinds somatic afferent, visceral afferent, efferent visceral, and somatic efferent. these are the “well-known” useful sorts however, a few nerves have “unique” ingredients.
The cranial nerves offer afferent and efferent (sensory, motor, and autonomic) innervation to the systems of the head and neck. Cranial nerves will have sensory features, motor capabilities, or both. For example, cranial nerves help us make facial expressions, pass our eyes, and procedure smells. Spinal nerves we've 31 pairs of spinal nerves branching out of your spinal wire. those nerves can offer sensory function, motor characteristics, or both.
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I will mark BRAINLIST this is not difficult
9. Summarize how transcription makes mRNA. A complete answer will include: gene, mRNA, sequence, nucleotides, complementary, RNA polymerase, base-pairing rules.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteinsThe main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3' end of the strand.Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.Elongation. One strand of DNA, the template strand, acts as a template for RNA polymerase. As it "reads" this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5' to 3'. The RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). [What do 5' and 3' mean?]Termination. Sequences called terminators signal that the RNA transcript is complete. Once they are transcribed, they cause the transcript to be released from the RNA polymerase. An example of a termination mechanism involving formation of a hairpin in the RNA is shown belowIn bacteria, RNA transcripts can act as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) right away. In eukaryotes, the transcript of a protein-coding gene is called a pre-mRNA and must go through extra processing before it can direct translation.
Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs must have their ends modified, by addition of a 5' cap (at the beginning) and 3' poly-A tail (at the end).
Many eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo splicing. In this process, parts of the pre-mRNA (called introns) are chopped out, and the remaining pieces (called exons) are stuck back together.
End modifications increase the stability of the mRNA, while splicing gives the mRNA its correct sequence. (If the introns are not removed, they'll be translated along with the exons, producing a "gibberish" polypeptide.)
To learn more about pre-mRNA modifications in eukaryotes, check out the article on pre-mRNA processing. op this helps !
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes.
Transcription occurs in three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination.
What are the three roles of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Eukaryotic cells contain three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases that transcribe distinct classes of genes.
Protein-coding genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II to yield mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerases I and III.
Thus, this is the summary of the transcription.
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List four organism under Coelenterata.
Answers
Coelenterata is a term encompassing the animal phyla Cnidaria (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their allies) and Ctenophora (comb jellies). The name comes from Ancient Greek: κοῖλος, romanized: koilos, lit. 'hollow' and ἔντερον, enteron, 'intestine', referring to the hollow body cavity common to these two phyla.[1][2] They have Tissue Level of Organization, Diploblastic Organization (ectoderm and endoderm), and Radial Symmetry. Some examples are corals, which are typically colonial, and hydra, jelly fish and sea anemones which are solitary. Coelenterata lack a specialized circulatory system relying instead on diffusion across the tissue layers.
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
Cnidarian, also called Coelenterata,any member of the phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata), a group made up of more than 9,000 living species. Mostly marine animals, the cnidarians include the corals, Hydra's, jellyfish e.t.c
An ecosystem is a(n) ________ system in terms of energy, and a(n) ________ system in terms of matter.
Answers
Answer:
An ecosystem is an open system in terms of energy, and an open system in terms of matter.
Explanation:
An ecosystem is an open system in terms of energy, and an open system in terms of matter. The correct option is A.
What is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is a geographical area in which plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, coexist to form a life bubble.
An ecosystem is an open system in terms of both energy and matter.
Thus, A is the correct answer.
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The missing options of the question are:
A) open; openB) closed; openC) closed; closedD) open; closedE) open; partially closed
Please help brainliest, five star, thanks please helpppppppppp
Mike has a problem with his testosterone. He is unable to produce enough. Which will most likely be affected by his inability to produce testosterone? Select two options. urine production sperm production producing fluid to help sperm move appearance of secondary sex characteristics egg production egg movement to the uterus
Answers
Answer:
B(sperm production)
D(appearance of secondary sex characteristics)
Explanation:
Answer:
its b and d hope this help
Explanation:
even in siblings whose parents are same, difference in characters can be observed. how? class 10 cbse
Answers
why does the rate of respiration change as the amount of carbon dioxide
Answers
Increases in carbon dioxide concentration cause a slowdown in plant respiration as stomata would close as a result of a high CO2 concentration.
High levels of carbon dioxide, or CO2, often slow down respiration rates, mostly due to a direct influence, according to many evaluations of the research.
People are enhancing the natural greenhouse effect by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which raises the earth's temperature.
Carbon dioxide alone accounted for roughly two-thirds of the overall heating impact of all human-produced greenhouse gases in 2021, according to data by the NOAA Global Monitoring Lab.
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The correct question is
why does the rate of respiration change as the amount of carbon dioxide increases?
in nucleotide excision repair, damaged dna is excised by what enzyme(s)?in nucleotide excision repair, damaged dna is excised by what enzyme(s)?helicasedna polymerasesnucleaseligaseprimase
Answers
A method of repairing DNA is called nucleotide excision repair. Chemicals (such as intercalating agents), radiation, and other mutagens continuously cause DNA damage.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair are the three excision repair processes that can fix single stranded DNA damage (MMR). The BER pathway can identify particular non-bulky lesions in DNA, but it can only repair damaged bases that have had specific glycosylases remove them. Similar to this, the MMR pathway only targets Watson-Crick base pairs that are mismatched.
The removal of DNA damage brought on by ultraviolet radiation is accomplished by the crucial excision mechanism known as nucleotide excision repair (NER) (UV). Bulky DNA adducts are produced as a result of UV DNA damage; the majority of these adducts are thymine dimers and 6,4-photoproducts. Once the damage is recognized, the brief section of single-stranded DNA that contains the lesion is removed. The single-stranded DNA that is still intact is used as a template by DNA polymerase to create a brief complimentary sequence.
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The atoms move around randomly in a
•Gas
•Three
•Steam
•Shape
•Compressible
•Tightly
• Solid
•Intermolecular
•Matter
•Loosely
•Density
•Liquid
Answers
The atoms move around randomly in a gas, steam, and liquid.
Where does atoms move around randomly ?In a gas, atoms are free to move around in any direction and are not tightly packed together. They have high degree of kinetic energy, meaning they move quickly and randomly.
In steam, atoms are also free to move around but are in the gaseous phase at high temperatures and low pressures.
In liquid, atoms are also free to move around, but they are more closely packed together than in gas. The intermolecular forces between atoms are stronger, which allows them to maintain a fixed volume but still flow and take the shape of their container.
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Which organism correctly completes the food web at A?
1)horses
2)mice
3)bacteria
4)trees
Answers
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Answers
Write a brief explanation (paragraph length) of how , by calculating forces and torques in a physical system such as the human body, it is possible to deduce the best way to lift an object without injuring yourself.
Answers
When calculating forces and torques in a physical system such as the human body, it is possible to deduce the best way to lift an object without injuring yourself.
There are several factors that are important to consider when lifting objects, including the weight of the object, the position of the object, and the angle of the lift. By calculating the forces and torques involved in lifting an object, it is possible to determine the optimal technique for lifting the object without injuring yourself. For example, lifting a heavy object with the back muscles alone can cause strain and injury. However, by using the legs to provide the majority of the lifting force, the back can remain relatively straight and avoid injury. Additionally, lifting an object from a lower position, such as from the ground, can require more force and torque than lifting an object from a higher position. Thus, it is important to consider the position of the object before attempting to lift it. Overall, by carefully analyzing the forces and torques involved in lifting objects, it is possible to determine the optimal technique for lifting an object without injuring yourself. This can help prevent injury and ensure that the task is completed safely and efficiently.
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What term is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers
Answers
Frank – Starling law is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers.
According to the Frank – Starling law, the more the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the greater the contractile force and the greater the amount of blood pumped into the aorta are, as well as the ejection pressure.
This is because there is a relationship between cardiac fiber length (equivalent to end-diastolic volume) and force of contraction (equivalent to stroke volume).When an extra amount of blood reaches the heart, the heart muscle stretches more and is able to contract with greater force.Therefore, we can conclude that Frank – Starling law is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers.
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I need help with this
Answers
Answer:
Top Left Part: Frontal Lobe
Top Right Part: Parietal Lobe
Bottom Left Part: Temporal Lobe
Bottom Right Part: Occipital Lobe
Which of the following statements most directly describes the shared biological mechanisms between quorum sensing in bacteria and epinephrine stimulation in humans?
Answers
Answer: A.
Explanation:
The concept of biofilm conveys the fact that bacterial cell to cell connection results in the formation of a film via cell signaling pathway this helps in cell to cell coordination which can further help in survival of the bacterial species during adverse condition a layer can shield the overall impact of the external environment in the form of saline condition, extreme heat or cold or any other condition. Epinephrine stimulation is similar to biofilm in this also genetic material is passed across the cell membrane to induce cell signaling between members of the similar kinds of cells to attain a shielding effect.
Answer:
The answer is B, in both humans and bacteria....
Explanation:
I just took the test and got it right
Focus your attention on the section called Anterior Pituitary of Focus Figure 17.4. Match each structure at the left to its appropriate function at the right.
Answers
Sure! In the Anterior Pituitary section of Focus Figure 17.4, we need to match each structure on the left to its appropriate function on the right.
1. Pars Distalis: This is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and its main function is to produce and secrete several hormones, including growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
2. Pars Intermedia: This is the middle portion of the anterior pituitary, and its main function is to produce and secrete melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which is involved in the regulation of skin pigmentation.
3. Pars Tuberalis: This is a thin layer of cells that wraps around the infundibulum (stalk) of the pituitary gland. Its function is not well understood, but it is believed to play a role in regulating the secretion of other hormones from the pituitary gland.
The anterior pituitary gland is divided into three main sections: pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis. Each section has specific functions related to the production and secretion of different hormones.
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In an _________, dots around an element's symbol indicate the number of valence electrons in an atom.
Answers
Answer:
Bohr Diagram
Explanation:
Is a Diagram where you put the element in the middle and rings with dots around the outside representing shells and the number of electrons. Almost always taught at middle school/High school.
In one sentence, what conclusion can be made from the topic
of the research ""Effect of Cropping Sequence on Agricultural Crops:
Implications for Productivity and Utilization of Natural Resources""
?
"
Answers
The research suggests that the choice of cropping sequence in agriculture can have significant implications for both crop productivity and the sustainable utilization of natural resources.
The research concludes that the selection and management of cropping sequences in agricultural systems play a crucial role in determining the productivity of crops and the sustainable utilization of natural resources.
In this study, the effect of cropping sequence on agricultural crops was investigated. Cropping sequence refers to the order and arrangement of different crops planted in a specific field over a period of time. The researchers examined how different cropping sequences impacted crop productivity and the utilization of natural resources.Through their analysis, they found that the choice of cropping sequence had a significant influence on the productivity of agricultural crops. Certain crop combinations in a sequence showed synergistic effects, enhancing yields and overall productivity. On the other hand, improper sequencing or repetitive planting of the same crops resulted in decreased productivity and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases.Furthermore, the research also highlighted the implications for the sustainable utilization of natural resources. Well-designed cropping sequences that incorporate crop rotation, cover cropping, and diversification can help improve soil health, reduce erosion, optimize water usage, and minimize the need for synthetic inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides.In summary, the research emphasizes that careful selection and management of cropping sequences are essential for maximizing crop productivity while minimizing negative environmental impacts and ensuring the sustainable utilization of natural resources in agricultural systems.
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the protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body is known as
Answers
Epithelial tissue is a compound of cells that is found in all the membranes that cover both the internal and external surfaces of the organism.
What is epithelial tissue?Epithelial tissue is a set of cells that overlap each other to protect the inner layers of different organs and outer layers of other body structures.
Functions of epithelial tissue:It protects the body against mechanical damage, against the entry of microorganisms or against the loss of water by evaporation.On most internal surfaces, it has the function of absorbing, secreting and transporting and serving as a barrier.Therefore, we can conclude that the specific structure of an epithelium will fulfill the functions of secretion, protection, secretion or transport in an organism.
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in aerobic respiration __________ is the final electron acceptor, whereas in anaerobic respiration another oxidized ion such as __________ is the final electron acceptor
Answers
In aerobic respiration, O2 is the final electron acceptor, whereas in anaerobic respiration another oxidized ion such as NO3 is the final electron acceptor.
The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen, which absorbs electrons and hydrogen ions at the conclusion of the electron transport chain and produces water as a byproduct. Since it produces a lot of ATP, aerobic respiration is the most effective way for cells to make energy.
In contrast, an oxidised ion other than oxygen acts as the ultimate electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration. For instance, nitrate or sulphate may act as the last electron acceptor in certain bacteria, resulting in creation of nitrite or sulphide as a byproduct. This respiration can enable cells to synthesise energy in oxygen absence, but it is less effective than aerobic respiration because it produces less ATP per unit of substrate.
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Complete Question:
In aerobic respiration _________ is the final electron acceptor, whereas in anaerobic respiration another oxidized ion such as ______ is the final electron acceptor.
A)O2; H2O
B)O2; NO3-
C)NO3-; H2O
D)O2; NH3
E)NO3-; O2
Drag and drop the words or phrases that accurately complete the paragraph.
Florida's climate influences the weather, wildlife, and even human behavior. Around 75% of Floridians live on or near the . As a result, many of Florida's business industries revolve around resources. The largest industry in Florida, , relies heavily on the preservation of natural areas. In addition, natural wetlands, such as the Everglades, are essential for replenishing Florida's largest freshwater supply, the .
Everglades
Florida aquifer
land
agriculture
Lake Okeechobee
coastline
marine
tourism
Answers
Florida's climate influences the weather, wildlife, and even human behavior.
The climate of FloridaAround 75% of Floridians live on or near the coastline. As a result, many of Florida's business industries revolve around tourism.
The largest industry in Florida, tourism, relies heavily on the preservation of natural areas. In addition, natural wetlands, such as the Everglades, are essential for replenishing Florida's largest freshwater supply, the Florida aquifer.
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2. Wild fires are responsible for the destruction of millions of
acres of animal habitat every year.
Animals surviving the fire are likely to respond to this change in
their environment by -
A sifting through the ashes for surviving food sources.
feeding on the charred remains of trees.
reproducing at rapid rates.
B.
emigrating into a new habitat with resources.
C.
D.
Answers
Answer:
B. emigrating to a new habitat
Explanation:
_5. Natural selection causes the frequency of favorable alleles to
a. decrease in a population
b. remain constant in a population
c. increase in a population
d. vary widely in a population
Answers
Answer:
decrease in population
Explanation:
decreasing population
How is the cell wall different from the cell membrane in plants ? Please help ASAP
A)The cell wall is composed of cellulose which makes it thicker and more rigid than the cell membrane .
B)The is composed of , which make it thinner and more flexible than the cell membrane .
C)The cell wall is composed of cellulose , which makes it impermeable to all materials , while the cell membrane is semipermeable
D)The cell waff is composed of lipids , which make it impermeable to all materials , while the cell membrane is semipermeable .
Answers
Answer:
A)The cell wall is composed of cellulose which makes it thicker and more rigid than the cell membrane
The world's atmosphere can hold more moisture as it warms. As a result, the overall number of heavy storms has likely increased since midcentury due to global warming. True or false?
Answers
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Yes, the number of heavy storms has increased due to global warming because of the holding power of moisture by the atmosphere due to higher temperature. When the air is warmed, the air can hold more water at that temperature so due to more holding power of moisture by the air the number of storms increases. One NASA study supports that global warming is causing the increase in number of extreme storms especially in the tropical ocean.