The only form of "Theft" law during the early formation of the common law was called "larceny."
Larceny was the only form of theft law during the early common law period, which lasted from the Middle Ages until the 19th century. It was a narrow offense that only covered the taking of someone else's property with the intent to permanently deprive them of it.
The offense required that the property be taken from the possession of another person without their consent and with the intent to steal it. The early common law did not have a general offense of theft that covered a broad range of conduct, as we have today.
Instead, other offenses, such as embezzlement and fraud, were treated separately. It wasn't until the 20th century that most jurisdictions expanded their theft laws to include a wider range of conduct beyond just larceny.
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With respect to the doctrine on Consideration, Past Consideration is 'irrelevant'
Critically discuss this statement, with the following requirements;
Three (3) applicable case laws on the subject matter
State clearly :
The issue
Basic facts of the Cases
The Judgement
Note!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
You cannot copy and paste the various cases.
You are required to discuss via a few paragraphs, what was the issue, basic facts and the judgement.
Conclude by applying the mentioned cases to the issue at hand in respect of question (b) above.
The statement that past consideration is irrelevant in the doctrine of Consideration is not entirely accurate. While past consideration generally lacks legal enforceability, there are exceptions where past consideration can be deemed valid.
Three applicable case laws on this subject matter are discussed below: Roscorla v. Thomas (1842): In this case, the plaintiff purchased a horse from the defendant. After the sale was complete, the defendant made a statement regarding the horse's soundness, which turned out to be false. The plaintiff sued for breach of warranty. The issue was whether the defendant's statement could be considered valid consideration. The court held that past consideration is insufficient, and there must be a present consideration to support a contract.
Lampleigh v. Braithwait (1615): The plaintiff had rendered services to the defendant by securing a pardon from the king. Afterward, the defendant promised to pay the plaintiff for his services. When the defendant refused to honor the promise, the plaintiff sued. The issue was whether the past consideration of the plaintiff's services was sufficient. The court held that although past consideration is generally insufficient, if it was done at the request of the promisor and with an expectation of reward, it could be valid consideration.
Re McArdle (1951): In this case, the family members of a deceased person agreed to distribute the deceased's estate according to his wishes. The plaintiff, one of the family members, carried out the deceased's wishes but was not compensated as promised. The issue was whether the past consideration of the plaintiff's actions constituted valid consideration. The court held that past consideration is not good consideration, and the plaintiff could not enforce the promise.
In conclusion, the statement that past consideration is irrelevant in the doctrine of Consideration is not entirely accurate. While past consideration is generally deemed insufficient to support a contract, there are exceptions where it can be considered valid. The cases of Roscorla v.
Thomas and Re McArdle demonstrate that past consideration alone is not enough to enforce a promise. However, the case of Lampleigh v. Braithwait highlights an exception to this rule, where past consideration can be valid if it was done at the promisor's request and with an expectation of reward.
Therefore, it is essential to consider the specific circumstances and nature of the promise when determining the relevance of past consideration.
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The statement that past consideration is irrelevant in the doctrine of Consideration is not entirely accurate. While past consideration generally lacks legal enforceability, there are exceptions where past consideration can be deemed valid.
Three applicable case laws on this subject matter are discussed below: Roscorla v. Thomas (1842): In this case, the plaintiff purchased a horse from the defendant. After the sale was complete, the defendant made a statement regarding the horse's soundness, which turned out to be false. The plaintiff sued for breach of warranty.
The issue was whether the defendant's statement could be considered valid consideration. The court held that past consideration is insufficient, and there must be a present consideration to support a contract.
Lampleigh v. Braithwait (1615): The plaintiff had rendered services to the defendant by securing a pardon from the king. Afterward, the defendant promised to pay the plaintiff for his services. When the defendant refused to honor the promise, the plaintiff sued.
The issue was whether the past consideration of the plaintiff's services was sufficient. The court held that although past consideration is generally insufficient, if it was done at the request of the promisor and with an expectation of reward, it could be valid consideration.
Re McArdle (1951): In this case, the family members of a deceased person agreed to distribute the deceased's estate according to his wishes. The plaintiff, one of the family members, carried out the deceased's wishes but was not compensated as promised. The issue was whether the past consideration of the plaintiff's actions constituted valid consideration. The court held that past consideration is not good consideration, and the plaintiff could not enforce the promise.
In conclusion, the statement that past consideration is irrelevant in the doctrine of Consideration is not entirely accurate. While past consideration is generally deemed insufficient to support a contract, there are exceptions where it can be considered valid. The cases of Roscorla v.
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The policy framework and guidelines for community policing state that you should consider 13 interrelated elements to understand community policing. Name and briefly explain these elements of community policing.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no references or context attached, we can comment on the following.
The 13 interrelated elements to understand community policing are:
Foot Patrol. Policemen patrol every street in the assigned zone.
Vehicle patrol. Police using vehicles to speed patrol.
Citizens patrol. Members of the community volunteering.
Case screening. To assign cases to proper detectives.
Situational Crime Prevention. Police making statements to create consciousness about crime and its consequences.
Community Crime Prevention. Police work closely with the community to prevent crime.
Prevention of crime in youth people. Police create programs to help youngsters.
Geographic approach. To signal the most conflictive areas.
Implementation of the SARA process. This menas Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment.
Multi-Agency Teams. A multidisciplinary approach to policing.
Communication. Open lines of communication with citizens.
Intelligence work. To gather proper information that helps prevent crime.
Crime Analysis. To better understand the behavior of criminals and the way they proceed.
The United States is on par with Russia in having more persons per capita in prison. Is that a sign that the United States is a nation that enforces its laws, or is it an
indication that something is inherently wrong with its criminal justice system? Please explain and then respond to a
According to the criminal justice system, the United States is the one that enforces the laws, and the poor are disproportionately represented in the prison population.
What is criminal?
The person who committed a crime is referred to as a "criminal." A individual is legitimately arrested if they are the indifferent perpetrator of the crime. Lawbreakers are classified into four types: persistent, moralistic, juridical, and organized. The perpetrator must be punished by the court.
According to the criminal justice, the United States is the one that writes the laws, and the crimes police are overburdened. A substantial proportion of the poor end up in prison.
Hence, the significance was the criminal aforementioned.
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the plaintiff brought his car to a mechanic for a tune-up. during the tune-up, the mechanic removed the fuse for the brake lights and inadvertently failed to replace it, causing the lights to stop working. as the plaintiff was driving his car home from the mechanic, he was involved in an accident. the plaintiff, seeing a friend walking along the road, slammed on his brakes to give the friend a ride. the defendant, who was driving the car behind the plaintiff, hit the plaintiff. the plaintiff sustained severe whiplash from the accident and has sued the defendant and the mechanic. at trial, the jury determined that the plaintiff's damages were $10,000 and that the defendant was 50% at fault, the mechanic was 25% at fault, and the plaintiff was 25% at fault. the jurisdiction recognizes pure several liability and partial comparative negligence. how much can the plaintiff collect from the defendant?
Answer:
100,000USD
Explanation:
Does the president have the power to lead the U.S. Armed Forces? Or is that up to the Congress?
Answer:
The Constitution explicitly assigns the president the power to sign or veto legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors. Commander-in-chief. The president of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces and as such exercises supreme operational command over all national military forces of the United States.
Which of the following is the first attribute you should use to determine the seniority between two individuals?
Responses
length of service in the department
rank of the person
length of service in the rank in the department
number of personnel directly reporting to him or her
Rank of the person is the first attribute you should use to determine the seniority between two individuals.
HOW DO DEPARTMENT EXAMPLES WORK?Several different items can be referred to as departments. An administrative division within a country, a government ministry, or simply a section of an institution are examples. In this definition, we make use of the word "department" to refer to several organizational divisions.
What does "department" signify in the workplace?One of the divisions inside a company, government agency, or academic institution is a department. In a big store, a department is also one of the sections. The U.S. Department of Agriculture He changed locations and went to sales.
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if you were asked to write a new law aimed at addressing a significant local issue, and to propose that law to the city council, what type of question would you use?
If I were asked to write a new law aimed at addressing a significant local issue and to propose that law to the city council, I would use a persuasive question. A persuasive question is designed to convince the audience of a certain viewpoint or to take a specific action.
To propose a new law aimed at addressing a significant local issue to the city council, you should draft a resolution outlining the proposed law, its purpose, and its expected impacts.
Your resolution should also include background information about the issue and how the proposed law will address it. You should then present your resolution to the city council for their consideration and potential adoption.
For example, if the local issue is a lack of affordable housing, I might ask the city council, "How can we ensure that all members of our community have access to safe and affordable housing?" This question highlights the importance of the issue and encourages the council to consider potential solutions.
Alternatively, if the local issue is related to environmental pollution, I might ask, "What steps can we take to reduce our community's carbon footprint and protect our natural resources?" This question emphasizes the need for action and encourages the council to consider potential laws or regulations that could address the issue.
Overall, the key to proposing a new law to the city council is to ask a question that highlights the importance of the issue and encourages the council to take action.
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What is the inverse o 4x^2 x 2?
An inverse in mathematics is a function that "undoes" another function. In other words, if f(x) produces y, then y entered into the inverse of f produces x. An invertible function is one that has an inverse, and the inverse is represented by the symbol \(f^{-1}\).
Step wise procedure:
∵f(x) = \(4x^{2}*2\)
⇒f(x) = \(8x^{2}\)
replace f(x) with y
⇒y = \(8x^{2}\)
now, interchange the variables
⇒x = \(8y^{2}\)
solve for y
⇒y = \(\frac{\sqrt{x} }{2\sqrt{2} }\)
⇒y = - \(\frac{\sqrt{x} }{2\sqrt{2} }\)
solve for y and replace with \(f^{-}(x)\)
\(f^{-}(x)\) = \(\frac{\sqrt{x} }{2\sqrt{2} }\) , \(-\frac{\sqrt{x} }{2\sqrt{2} }\)
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the supreme court case new jersey v TLO questioned the right students had in public schools. tlo was a new jersey high school student whose locker was searched after school officals had reason to believe she was disributing drugs and cigarettes. she was found guilty and sentenced to a one year probation. tlo appealed the decision all the way to the supreme court which decided that her 4th amendment rights had been violated. do you agree with the supreme courts decision? why or why not? in the answer discuss the 4th amendment and how it applies to this case and whether or not you agree with the final verdict.
Joe files a lawsuit against Bob. Bob is served with a copy of the complaint. Bob puts the complaint in a drawer and ignores it for six months. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?
Options:
Bob will receive an automatic 30-day extension
Joe's case is dismissed
A bench arrest warrant is issued against Bob
A default judgment is entered against Bob
The most likely outcome in this scenario is that a default judgment is entered against Bob.
In this situation, a default judgement against Bob is the most likely result. Bob might be subject to a default judgement if he doesn't answer to the complaint within the court's designated time frame. This implies that without providing Bob a chance to respond, the court will find in favour of Joe based on the claims made in the complaint. Bob has effectively renounced his right to challenge the case by ignoring it and doing nothing, and the court will view this as an admission of the claims made in the complaint. Therefore, it is likely that Bob will be subject to a default judgement.
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What is the average speed of a car that travels 150 meters in 5 seconds
Answer: 3:33
Explanation:
Among adolescents and adults, alcohol use is involved in up to 70% of deaths
associated with water recreation activities.
TRUE
FALSE
Answer:
true
Explanation:
because its logic
what did the judge revoke or deny derek chauvin?
Answer:
The judge revoked Derek Chauvin's bail and said he would be sentenced in eight weeks. ... Chauvin was convicted on all three charges he faced at trial — second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter
what is the difference between double jeopardy and habeas corpus?
The Double Jeopardy and Habeas Corpus are two distinct legal concepts that have no relation to each other.
Both habeas corpus and double jeopardy are legal notions having distinct functions in the criminal justice system. An explanation of each follows :Double jeopardy is a legal principle that prevents someone from being prosecuted for the same crime twice after they have previously been either guilty or acquitted. This protection is guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment of the United reads Constitution, which reads, "nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." Double jeopardy essentially stops the government from bringing additional cases against the same defendant for the same offence, protecting people from harassment or multiple sentences for the same conduct.
A legal word known as "habeas corpus" translates to.
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If someone loses their court case in federal district court in Florida, they have a right to have their case heard a second time by the ______ U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals under that court's __________ jurisdiction.
Answer:
Explanation:
u
1. Explain your answers to the following questions:
• Why is public order necessary?
2. Does society have enough public order or too little?
Which is a responsibility of appellate courts
Answer:
Appellate courts review the procedures and decisions in the trial court to make sure that the proceedings were fair and that the proper law was applied correctly
Explanation:
What can be derived from a firearm and its projectiles?
Firearms and their projectiles can provide valuable information to law enforcement officials, forensic scientists, and criminal investigators.
What constitutes firearms and their projectiles?A firearm is a type of weapon that uses gunpowder or other explosive materials to launch a projectile through a barrel. The projectile is the actual bullet that is propelled out of the gun when it is fired. There are several things that can be derived from both the firearm and its projectiles:
Forensic evidence: Firearms and their projectiles can leave behind valuable forensic evidence at a crime scene. This evidence can be used to identify the type of gun used, the direction from which the shot was fired, and the trajectory of the bullet.
Ballistics: The study of the behavior of bullets and projectiles is known as ballistics. Ballistics can be used to determine the velocity, trajectory, and impact of a bullet, as well as the damage it can cause.
Weapon identification: Firearms and their projectiles can be used to identify the type of weapon used in a crime. This can help law enforcement officials to track down the perpetrator.
Ammunition analysis: Analysis of the ammunition used in a firearm can provide clues about the person who fired the gun. For example, the type of ammunition used can indicate the level of skill or training of the shooter.
Criminal investigations: Firearms and their projectiles can be an important piece of evidence in criminal investigations. They can be used to link suspects to crimes, provide evidence of motive, and help to build a case against a defendant in court.
Overall, firearms and their projectiles can provide valuable information to law enforcement officials, forensic scientists, and criminal investigators.
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ANSWER QUICK
How do Amendments 9 and 10 limit the power of the federal government?
Explanation/answer:
9th:
gives a ton of freedom to the people basically saying that they have the freedom to retain the rights even though they were not specifically discussed in the bill of rights, this limits the power of the government because it gives the people more power
10th:
Lets the states impose their own laws special to those states. having its own law would let the state become nearly as powerful as the federal government, so that takes away power from the federal government.
Honestly, it's good that the federal government doesn't have all the power otherwise it would be kinda like a dictatorship.
janet is called for jury duty and is selected for possible service on a jury. however, when the defendant's attorney sees her, he notices that she is wearing a green dress. both the defendant and the defendant's attorney hate green dresses, so they strike her name from the jury. this is:
In most cases, the law requires that you have an emission test every two years at the time of registration or at time of sale.
True
What is emission test?
Some states demand emissions tests based on the brand, model, or year of your car, depending on where you live. When doing the test, auto technicians typically consider your car's carbon footprint as well as other mechanical elements that have an impact on air quality or generate excessive pollution.
Review these suggestions before submitting your automobile for an emissions test to learn more about the procedure and how to make sure your car passes the first time.
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Which of the following events would NOT provide police with probable cause to search a suspect’s home? Select all that apply.
The police have fingerprints that link the suspect to the scene of the crime at the time the crime was committed.
The police have verifiable information from an informant that the suspect has merchandise taken in a robbery behind a bookcase in the living room of his home.
The police know that the suspect has committed robberies in the past.
They heard a rumor that the suspect had committed the crime being investigated.
Answer:
last 2, heard a rumor.... past robberies
Explanation:
Which amendment guarantees the right to an attorney and the right to a fair and speedy trial?
A. 3rd amendment
B. 4th amendment
C. 5th amendment
D. 6th amendment
Answer:
6th amendment
Explanation:
Summarize what happens during the two photosynthesis stages.
Answer:
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. During the first stage, the energy from sunlight is absorbed by the chloroplast. Water is used, and oxygen is produces during this part of the process. During the second stage, carbon dioxide is used, and glucose is produced.
Which of the following agencies are permanent legal attaches, or “legats,” associated?
A. the FBI
B. The CIA
C. The bureau of immigration and customs enforcement
D. The US secret service
Lily has suffered severe injuries from a car accident. She would like to sue for compensation, but does not have enough funds on hand to retain an attorney on her own. What is the best type of fee arrangement for lily?.
The contingency fee is the best type of fee arrangement for lily as she would like to sue for compensation, but does not have enough funds on hand to retain an attorney on her own.
What is a contingency fee?Contingent fees, often called contingency fees or conditional fees, are any fees for services provided that are only paid if a favorable outcome occurs. Despite the fact that this allegation can be used in a variety of professions, it is most usually associated with the practice of law.
A contingent fee is a cost associated with legal services that are only charged if a lawsuit is won or a favorable settlement is reached. Contingent fees are sometimes represented as a percentage of the settlement amount that the client receives. Contingent fees may make it easier for people with less financial resources to seek their civil rights because one must be wealthy enough to start such litigation in the first place in order to sue someone for a tort. Although there are risks involved with taking cases on a contingency basis, attorneys won't do so unless they believe there is merit to the case.
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All of the following influence the selection of federal judges and Supreme Court justices EXCEPT
a. campaign contributions
b. partisanship
c. ideology
d. experience
e. judicial philosophy
All of the following influence the selection of federal judges and Supreme Court justices EXCEPT campaign contributions. Correct option is A.
The Judiciary is the third organ of the government. It has the responsibility to apply the laws to specific cases and settle all controversies. The real ‘ meaning of law ’ is what the judges decide during the course of giving their judgments in colorful cases. From the citizen’s point of view, Judiciary is the most important organ of the government because it acts as their protection against the possible surpluses of legislative and administrative organs. part of Judiciary as the guardian- protection of the constitution and the abecedarian rights of the people makes it more respectable than other two organs. There are colorful situations of bar in India – different types of courts, each with varying powers depending on the league and governance bestowed upon them. They form a strict scale of significance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, with the Supreme Court of India at the top, followed by High Courts of separate countries with quarter judges sitting in District Courts and Adjudicators of Second Class and Civil Judge( Junior Division) at the nethermost
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A goal of the forensic investigator is to secure and document the crime scene while minimizing changes to crime scene evidence. True or false?.
Answer: true
hope this helps
Your food preparation area surface needs to contain smooth, nonabsorbent food contact surfaces
Explanation:
if not possible, customer should not pass through food prep area to get to the restroom should be convenient, sanitary ... -be placed on smooth, durable, nonabsorbent surface (asphalt and concrete) -have tight fitting
All surfaces that come into contact with food during production, processing or packaging are considered food contact surfaces. Stainless steel are commonly used, however other materials such as wood, rubber or glass can also be used.
The correct thing is that surfaces that come into contact with food are smooth, non-absorbent and easy to clean.
A smooth, non-absorbent and easy-to-clean surface prevents:-
The proliferation of bacteria. The accumulation of organic particles. The accumulation of dirt. The possibility of causing food infection.To know more about food contact surfaces, refer to the link:
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(Courts & Civil Liberties 04.01 MC) A federal case in Texas would began in a
Answer:
d. US Court of Appeals for Circuit Five.
Explanation:
According to a different source, these are the options that come with this question:
a. Texas trial court.
b. Texas court of last resort.
c. U.S. District Court for Circuit Five.
d. U.S. Court of Appeals for Circuit Five.
A federal case in Texas would most likely begin in a U.S. Court of Appeals for Circuit Five. This would be a federal appellate court, which would mean that the court would have appellate jurisdiction. The rulings that such a court makes may be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Fifth Circuit hears cases in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas.