This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane, across the cytosol, and then into the interstitial fluid.

Answer:

B) Chimpanzees are cousins to humans

Explanation:

Just did it, Have a good day!

Answer:

Explanation:The correct answers on edg

The distinction between sociology and political science​ is that sociology focuses on how the political system affects other institutions in society, whereas political science devotes more attention to the forces that shape political systems and the theories for understanding these forces.

This is defined as the study of human societies and their interactions with one another. It also studies the different processes that is responsible for their preservation.

Political system are part of the institutions which are responsible for shaping a society through the different laws created by them. It also studies how human behaviors are treated based on the rule of law.

Political science on the other hand is primarily concerned with the forces that shape political systems and the theories for understanding these forces.

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An inspiration strip is run on lead II for 10 seconds, with the patient holding his or her breath. option (b) is the correct answer.

This is also called electrocardiography. A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is made using electrocardiography, a procedure. It is a heart electrogram, which is a voltage versus time graph of the electrical activity of the heart created using electrodes applied to the skin.

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Answer:the glucose molecule is oxydised in the mitochondria to produce co2 + water+ energy

Explanation:

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The incorrect statement regarding adaptation is "If a trait is adaptive, it will perfectly fit a need that confers an evolutionary advantage."

Adaptation is the process of change in a living organism that makes it more suited to live in its environment. The correct option is D. If a trait is adaptive, it will perfectly fit a need that confers an evolutionary advantage.

Adaptation is the change of a living organism's genetic makeup over time to suit its environment. These genetic changes are due to natural selection. Natural selection is a mechanism in which the living organisms that are better adapted to their environment will have higher chances of surviving and reproducing. They pass on their genes to their offspring, increasing the frequency of these beneficial traits in the population. This process continues over many generations and results in the evolution of new species.

Therefore, adaptation is a gradual process that takes time. Some observed traits may not be adaptive but are simply due to the process of genetic drift. Genetic drift is a mechanism in which the frequency of certain traits changes due to chance events rather than natural selection. Although adaptations may seem to exist for obvious reasons, their presence always needs to be tested. Some traits may have no function or may even be detrimental to an organism's survival but still persist in a population because of chance events. All traits that are observed are not necessarily adaptive. Some traits may be neutral or may have a negative effect on an organism's survival but still persist in a population because of chance events.

At the molecular level, many of the variations among individuals, populations, and species may be selectively neutral. These variations have no effect on an organism's survival and, therefore, are neither advantageous nor disadvantageous. They persist in a population because of chance events rather than natural selection.

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Answer: Option D.

It will erode away.

Explanation:

Delta refer to landform that is formed when the river and sediments empty itself into the oceans, another river or land.

When a Delta is receiving sediments at faster rate than it is subsiding, it will erode away because as the water and sediments continue to empty itself in it, it will accumulate large some, and when it has exceeded the capacity it can hold, it will break into distributaries channels that allows water and sediments to flow and branch off from the mainstream river into the land or another place.

Section A;

Hypothesis - If birds seed A is used then more cardinals are attracted.

Prediction - Bird seed A attracts cardinals the most

Section B;

Hypothesis - If a chemical spray is used, then the number of mosquitoes decreases

Prediction - Chemical sprays are the most effective mosquito repellants

Section C;

Hypothesis - If snickers candy is used, then kids are happiest

Prediction - Snickers candy makes kids happiest

An experiment is an interlay of variables- the independent variable and the dependent variable. The independent variable is the variable that we have to manipulate in the experiment while the dependent variable is the variable that changes as we change the independent variable.

Let us now try to write the hypothesis in each case;

Section A;

Hypothesis - If birds seed A is used then more cardinals are attracted.

Prediction - Bird seed A attracts cardinals the most

Section B;

Hypothesis - If a chemical spray is used, then the number of mosquitoes decreases

Prediction - Chemical sprays are the most effective mosquito repellants

Section C;

Hypothesis - If snickers candy is used, then kids are happiest

Prediction - Snickers candy makes kids happiest

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

because predators have limited food and there's not enough for alot of predators

The phenotypic ratio observed among the F2 offspring of two heterozygotes is 3:1.

When two heterozygotes are crossed, meaning they have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a particular trait, the resulting phenotypic ratio among their offspring is typically 3:1. This ratio is a characteristic of Mendelian inheritance patterns.

In Mendelian genetics, the dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele. Therefore, in a heterozygous cross, there are three possible genotypes: two dominant homozygotes (AA), one dominant heterozygote (Aa), and one recessive homozygote (aa). Among these genotypes, there are two phenotypes: individuals expressing the dominant trait and individuals expressing the recessive trait.

Since the dominant phenotype is observed in both the dominant homozygotes and the dominant heterozygote, the phenotypic ratio becomes 3:1. This means that approximately 75% of the F2 offspring will exhibit the dominant phenotype, while approximately 25% will exhibit the recessive phenotype.

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An adult with wrinkled wings emerges from the pupa.

Hence, B option is correct.

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Answer:

a) Cats show incomplete dominance which means the kitten can be born with full length tails, short length tails and without tails.

b) The genotype of the parent will be heterozygous (Tt ) and the kittens will be:

Genotype | Fenotype

-TT | (long tail)

-Tt | (short tail)

-tt | (no tail).

Answer:

A. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Explanation:

hoped this helped :)

Answer:

Developing countries have a low life expectancy because things like water might be populated/scarce, the air may be polluted and immunisation might not be possible. But developed countries are more likely to have safe drinking water, and vaccines.

Answer:

Death rate= 7 coyotes

Immigration= 8

Emigration= 0

Population growth= 13

Let’s suppose that the birth rate for the given population is x.

Population growth = (birth rate+immigration) - (death rate+emigration)

13=(x+8)-(7+0)

13=x+1

Move the variable to the left side and change its sign.

-x+13=1

Move the constant to the right side and change its sign

-x=1-13

-x=-12

x=12

Answer: x=12

Explanation:

edge2021

Answer:

Death rate= 7 coyotes

Immigration= 8

Emigration= 0

Population growth= 13

Let’s suppose that the birth rate for the given population is x.

Population growth = (birth rate+immigration) - (death rate+emigration)

13=(x+8)-(7+0)

13=x+1

Move the variable to the left side and change its sign.

-x+13=1

Move the constant to the right side and change its sign

-x=1-13

-x=-12

x=12

Answer: x=12

Explanation:

edge 2021

A typical bacterial cell has several components, including a capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, plasmid, flagella, pili, and nucleoid region, which serve different functions such as protection, movement, and genetic exchange.

5. Heterocysts are specialized cells found in some filamentous cyanobacteria that are capable of nitrogen fixation. Heterocysts are important because they allow cyanobacteria to grow in nitrogen-limited environments by converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by other cells in the filament.

6. Endospores are dormant, highly-resistant structures formed by some bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium. These spores are formed under unfavorable conditions and allow the bacteria to survive in a dormant state until conditions become more favorable for growth and reproduction.

7. The three groups of archaea are the Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota. Crenarchaeota is often found in extreme environments such as hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Euryarchaeota are found in a variety of environments including the human gut, marine sediments, and hypersaline lakes. Thaumarchaeota are often found in soil and water and are important for their role in the nitrogen cycle.

8. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic bacteria that played a critical role in the evolution of eukaryotes. They are thought to have given rise to the chloroplasts found in modern-day plants and algae through a process called endosymbiosis.

9. Gram-positive bacterial cells have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains a crystal violet stain and appears purple under a microscope. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, as well as an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides.

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The correct question is:

Draw a typical bacterial cell and label: capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, plasmid, flagella, pili, and nucleoid region. Explain

5. What are heterocysts?

6. What are endospores?

7. List the 3 groups of archaea and where you would find them.

8. Discuss cyanobacteria. why were they important in the evolution of eukaryotes?

9. How are gram and gram-bacteria different? explain.

The type of molecule that contains amino groups (-NH2) is a protein. The correct option is B. Protein.

Proteins are macromolecules composed of one or more chains of amino acid residues. The term "amino" refers to the fact that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and each amino acid contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).

Amino groups are present in the side chains of several amino acids, including lysine, arginine, and histidine. When amino acids combine via peptide bonds, they form a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.

The amino groups of the amino acid residues can form hydrogen bonds with other parts of the protein or with water molecules, which can contribute to the protein's stability and function. In summary, the type of molecule that contains amino groups (-NH2) is a protein.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). The amino groups of the amino acid residues can form hydrogen bonds with other parts of the protein or with water molecules, which can contribute to the protein's stability and function.

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If a target cell is continually under stimulated by a particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through Up regulation.

Upregulation refers to the process by which a target cell increases the number of receptors it has in response to low or inadequate stimulation by a hormone. When a target cell is not receiving enough stimulation from a specific hormone, it can enhance its sensitivity and responsiveness by increasing the number of receptors available for binding.

By upregulating the receptors, the target cell becomes more receptive to the hormone, allowing for a stronger response when the hormone is present in sufficient quantities. This compensatory mechanism helps the target cell adapt to the low stimulation and maintain its responsiveness to the hormone.

Upregulation is a homeostatic response that aims to restore or enhance the cell's sensitivity to a hormone when it is continually under-stimulated. It is an example of a feedback mechanism in the endocrine system that helps maintain proper hormone signaling and balance in the body.

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The pericarp, often known as the fruit cover, is made up of both full and unfinished layers. At maturity, the pericarp of all cereal grains is dry and primarily made up of empty cells. It supports and protects the developing endosperm and embryo throughout development. The inner epidermis is the pericarp's deepest layer.

The pericarp's layers each have a specific function in preserving and distributing the fruit's seeds. Some plants lack the fleshy mesocarp layer in their pericarp, including beans and sunflowers. Since they usually dry out and split open to release their seeds, these are regarded as dry fruit.

Fruit pericarp primarily aids in the protection and seed dissemination processes.

Seed Dispersal

The smell and variety of colors of the pericarp greatly aid in the dissemination of seeds. Fruits can be both dry and fleshy, and as a result, different seed dispersal media are used.

Protection of Seed

The periplasm, which is the innermost layer, is crucial for seed nourishment during developmental phases in addition to seed distribution. We are aware that an endocarp is situated closest to the seed and is attached to the ovary's placental layer by an umbilical structure (funiculus).

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The illustration is probably showing independent assortment. Four distinct gametes produced by two chromosomes splitting in various ways are depicted in the diagram. So, the correct options for 1 and 2 are D and C respectively.

The chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA fibres in most chromosomes are covered with packaging proteins; in cells of eukaryotic organisms, the histones are the most significant of these proteins. The genetic code of an organism is stored on long, coiled-up strands of DNA called chromosomes.

They are often visible beneath a microscope after cell division and are located in the nucleus of cells. Genes, which are unique DNA sequences which encode for the production of proteins along with other molecules required for an organism's growth and development, are found on chromosomes. Each human cell normally contains 46 chromosomes, of which 23 originate from each parent.

Therefore, the correct options for 1 and 2 are D and C respectively.

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Yes, Photosynthesis does transfer electrons between enzymes.

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, electrons are transferred between photosystems in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. This electron transfer generates a proton gradient, which is then used to produce ATP via chemiosmosis. The electrons are eventually used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. In the Calvin cycle, NADPH and ATP are used to fix CO2 and produce sugars. Therefore, photosynthesis involves the transfer of electrons between enzymes in order to generate energy and reduce carbon dioxide.

A photosystem is a pigment and protein complex that is involved in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, which is subsequently utilised to fuel numerous cellular activities in plants, algae, and certain bacteria.

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The structures and functions of different types of biomolecules are the following:

1. Carbohydrates are biomolecules made up of C, H and O exclusively, chemically defined as polyalcohols with an aldehyde or ketone group.

Functions:

2. Lipids are organic biomolecules always formed by C, H and O although many have phosphorus and nitrogen, and to a lesser extent sulfur.

Functions:

3. Proteins are organic biomolecules always made up of C, H, O and N, they are composed of small molecules called amino acids, which are linked to each other through the so-called peptide bond.

Functions:

4. Nucleic acids are compounds always formed by C, H, O, N and P are polymers of monomers called nucleotides.

Functions:

Therefore, we can conclude that carbohydrates are those that provide us with energy to carry out our activities,in comparison with lipids or fats are our energy reserve,on the other hand proteins act as support and structure of the body and nucleic acids comply with inheriting genetic material.

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A crude living being has a moderately less complex body plan and construction. These organisms' body shapes have remained unchanged throughout their evolution. Amoebas are typical examples of primitive organisms which belong to the kingdom Monera.

On the other hand, advanced organisms have advanced structural organization and complex body design. Realm Monera contains prokaryotic unicellular life forms like microorganisms. These are the simplest organisms, lacking distinct nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.

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Producers, also known as autotrophs, are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.The correct answer is (a) producers.

In the case of plants, they use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds such as glucose, which serves as their source of energy. This process allows plants to convert solar energy into chemical energy, forming the basis of the food chain.

Herbivores (b) are animals that primarily feed on plants, while omnivores (c) consume both plants and animals. Carnivores (d) are organisms that primarily feed on other animals. While herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores play important roles in ecosystems, they rely on producers for their energy and biomass.

Producers, such as plants and algae, are the primary source of biomass in most ecosystems, as they convert energy from the sun into organic matter that can be utilized by other organisms. The correct answer is (a) producers.

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Answer:

B or C

Explanation:

Answer:

This question is incomplete as it lacks options; the options are:

A) Bond X only

B) Bond W only

C) Bonds Y and Z at the same time

D) Bonds W and Z at the same time

The answer is C. Bond Y and Z at the same time

Explanation:

A DNA molecule is a double-stranded molecule made up of nucleotide units. According to this question, radiation can damage the nucleotides in the DNA molecule. However, the cell can repair this DNA molecule by removing the single damaged nucleotide and replacing it with an undamaged one.

In this case, the cytosine nucleotide is the damaged nucleotide. To repair this DNA in the image, the covalent bond holding the one nucleotide to another in one of the DNA strands must be broken.

The sugar-phosphate bonds as represented by letters Y and Z are the bonds that could be broken to replace the cytosine nucleotide by an undamaged one, without affecting the biological information coded to the DNA molecule. The bonds holding the neighboring nucleotides are also broken during the repair process. Note that, this form of repair is called BASE EXCISION REPAIR

The bond in figure 1 could be broken to remove and replace the cytosine nucleotide without affecting the biological information coded to the DNA molecule is C. Both Bond Y and Z at the same time.

It should be noted that a DNA molecule is simply referred to as a double-stranded molecule that's made up of nucleotide units. Radiation can damage the nucleotides that are in the DNA molecule.

Through the removal of the single damaged nucleotide and then replacing it with an undamaged one, the DNA molecule can be repaired. Based on the diagram, the cytosine nucleotide is the damaged nucleotide, therefore, in order to repair it, the covalent bond that's holding the nucleotides together must be broken.

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Answer: Rising sea levels

Explanation: Due to the increase in greenhouse gases like CO2 and Nitrogen there is a global increase in average temperatures meaning that glaciers will melt and cause an increase in sea levels