Transformation- This mechanism was first explored by Griffith as he studied smooth and rough strains of Streptococcus pnemoniae. Extracellular DNAses would block this mechanism.
What is transformation?Scientist Frederick Griffith conducted the first investigation into bacterial transformation in 1928. Griffith claims that the DNA or gene transfer from one type of bacteria to another can happen naturally or intentionally. For example, Transformation of non-virulent strain to a virulent cell or vice versa.
The process of transformation is when a competent bacterial cell (recipient's cell) takes up an extracellular or free DNA strand from one bacterial cell (donor's cell). Either naturally occurring processes or manmade processes are used to take up the DNA strand. The change occurs predominantly in the closely related species. Hence, transformation just refers to the direct insertion, integration and expression of the exogenous DNA in the competent bacterial cell.
Elaborating:Conjugation- This mechanism is initiated by cells with F plasmids.
This mechanism requires cell-to-cell contact. A chemical that blocked the formation of a pilus would block this genetic transfer mechanism.
Transduction- A virus that infects bacteria is a key component in this transfer mechanism.
All mechanisms- This mechanism may result in the transfer of genes that encode antibiotic resistance. This mechanism of genetic transfer always involves a one-way transfer from a donor cell to a recipient cell.
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Complete question:This activity requires that you sort statements according to whether they are associated with transformation, conjugation, transduction or all. Drag the statement to the gene transfer mechanism with which it is associated. A statement may be associated with more than one mechanism.
*This mechanism was first explored by Griffith as he studied smooth and rough strains of Streptococcus pneumonia
*Extracellular DNAses would block this transfer mechanism.
*This mechanism is initiated by cells with F plasmids.
*This mechanism may result in the transfer of genes that encode antibiotic resistance
*This mechanism requires cell-to-cell contact.
*A chemical that blocked the formation of a pilus would block this genetic transfer mechanism.
*This mechanism of genetic transfer always involves a one-way transfer from a donor cell to a recipient cell.
*A virus that infects bacteria is a key component in this transfer mechanism.
transformation
conjugation,
transduction
all mechanisms
The left posterolateral segment of the liver has a(n) ______________________________________________ to accommodate the ___________________________.
Matching *
4 points
Manipulated
variable
The variable a
researcher is
measuring
A procedure
Data that can be carefully done to
counted or examine the
measured validity of a
hypothesis
Experiment
Quantitative Data
Dependent
Variable
Independant
Variable
Why do some plants in the rainforest have bright flowers and grow close to the ground? O to repel any extra rainfall O to get as much sunlight on their leaves as possible O to keep animals and people away from them O to attract birds and insects for pollination
Joe comes to you with a request for funds for a project. He reminds you that company policy supports his position. He is using the tactic of ________. legitimacy coalition consultation ingratiation pressure
Joe is using the tactic of legitimacy by reminding you that company policy supports his position.
Joe is attempting to gain support for his project by using the tactic of legitimacy. By reminding you of company policy, he is trying to show that his request aligns with the rules and regulations set by the organization. This can help to increase his credibility and make his request seem more valid.
Joe is using the tactic of legitimacy to try to gain support for his project. Legitimacy is a tactic that involves appealing to rules, policies, or other established norms in order to gain support or credibility. By reminding you of company policy, Joe is trying to show that his request aligns with the rules and regulations set by the organization. This can help to increase his credibility and make his request seem more valid.
However, it's important to note that using legitimacy alone may not always be effective. In some cases, other tactics such as coalition building or consultation may be more appropriate. These tactics involve building relationships, seeking input, and gaining support from others in the organization. Ultimately, the effectiveness of a tactic depends on the specific situation and the individuals involved.
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plzzzzzz help i really need this answer
Answer: p2 represents the freuency of a homogeneous genotype(dominant)
Explanation:
Answer:
I think it's A
Explanation:
I had something similar to it but differently...
How's it been?
B-lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reason but one. Which of the following is not one of the reasons B-lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity? They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately.
B-lymphocytes are considered part of adaptive immunity because they produce antibodies in response to specific antigens. The following is not one of the reasons B-lymphocytes are considered part of adaptive immunity:-
"They are a first line of defence that can begin killing pathogens immediately."
Antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes are immunoglobulins, and they have two primary functions. They can neutralize pathogens' effects by adhering to them and preventing them from adhering to or entering cells. They also attach to and activate the complement cascade, which leads to the destruction of pathogens.
Adaptive immunity is a kind of immunity that requires time and exposure to pathogens to establish a precise immune response.
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Elements that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus are called
A periods.
B metalloids.
C groups.
D isotopes.
13-15.) In proton-beam therapy, a high-energy beam of protons is fired at a tumor. As the protons stop in the tumor, their kinetic energy breaks apart the tumor's DNA, thus killing the tumor cells. Fo
Proton-beam therapy is a type of radiation therapy used to treat cancer. In this therapy, a high-energy beam of protons is directed at a tumor. The protons have a specific range in tissue, and they stop inside the tumor, delivering most of their energy at the tumor site.
The main advantage of proton-beam therapy over traditional radiation therapy is that it can deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy tissues. This is because protons have a unique physical property called the Bragg peak, which allows them to deposit their maximum energy at a specific depth within the tissue.
When the high-energy protons stop in the tumor, their kinetic energy is transferred to the tumor cells. This energy breaks apart the tumor's DNA, which is responsible for the cells' ability to grow and divide. By damaging the DNA, the tumor cells are unable to replicate and eventually die.
It is important to note that proton-beam therapy is a complex and specialized treatment that requires careful planning and precise delivery. It is typically used for tumors located near critical structures, such as the brain or spinal cord, where minimizing damage to surrounding tissues is crucial.
In summary, proton-beam therapy uses high-energy protons to deliver radiation to tumors, damaging their DNA and killing the tumor cells. This treatment offers the advantage of delivering a focused dose of radiation while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.
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Biology, concussion homework
1. When the brain is pushed on or disturbed inside the skull, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) known as a concussion results.
2. Depending on the severity of the damage, signs and symptoms of stroke may include headache, nausea, dizziness, disorientation, sensitivity to light or sound, blurred vision, ringing in the ears, memory problems, and mood or behavior changes.
3. A health care professional, such as a doctor or a certified athletic trainer, will often diagnose a concussion after evaluating the patient's symptoms and performing a physical examination.
4. It's important to get medical help right away if you suspect you've had a stroke. This can guarantee that you get the proper care and prevent any problems or long-term effects.
5. The best way to recover from a stroke is to get plenty of rest and avoid things that could make your symptoms worse. This may include skipping work or school, avoiding physical activity, and setting time limits on screen use.
6. You can avoid dangerous behavior, such as not wearing a seat belt, by wearing protective equipment when participating in sports or other high-risk activities, as well as by taking precautions to avoid falls and other accidents.
7. There is strong evidence that repeated head trauma, including concussion, can have long-term consequences, including the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disorder.
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18. Which molecule is a Cdk inhibitor or is controlled by p53?
a. anti-kinase
b. cyclin
c. p21
d. Rb
Answer:The answer is C
Explanation:p21
A group of students is asked to make a model of a plant cell. The group is given different objects to represent cell parts. These objects include puzzle pieces, cardboard, plastic bags, and mini solar cells. Which object could be used to represent the function chloroplasts in the model?
Text to speech
a
puzzle pieces, because they put together proteins
b
cardboard, because it helps support the plant cell
c
a plastic bag, because it stores water and other liquids
d
mini solar cells, because they capture energy from sunlight
PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
Answer:
mini solar cells is the answer.
In ____, Breanna Holbert became the first African American female elected as national FFA president.
A. 2016
B. 2018
C. 2019
D. 2020
Can you help me with my science problems?
The girl is focusing a slide and she is moving the stage up toward the slide. Be gentle and careful when making changes.
b. Moving the stage away from the objective lenses rather than toward them prevents damage when focusing on an object. One can avoid any blurring caused by being too close to these parts by moving them apart.
c.We are unable to see the correct image if it is placed at the edge.
d. Prevention :Try not to contact the glass part of the focal points with your fingers. When cleaning the lenses, use only special lens paper.Continuously keep your magnifying lens canvassed when not being used.Always use both hands when carrying a microscope. Put one hand on the arm and support it by placing the other under the base.If you move the stage up toward the slide, what will happen to the slide?To bring the specimen into focus, the coarse adjustment knob on the arm of the microscope moves the stage up and down. The user's perception of the image is altered by the optics of a microscope's lenses. Essentially, assuming the slide is moved left while glancing through the magnifying lens, it will seem to move ok, and on the off chance that dropped down, it will appear to climb.
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the m checkpoint is an example of a checkpoint that is internally controlled by the cell. what would be the potential consequence seen in daughter cells if the cell received a stop signal at this checkpoint but was able to continue to anaphase anyway? the m checkpoint is an example of a checkpoint that is internally controlled by the cell. what would be the potential consequence seen in daughter cells if the cell received a stop signal at this checkpoint but was able to continue to anaphase anyway? at the completion of mitosis and cytokinesis, the daughter cells would automatically enter the g0 phase. at the completion of mitosis and cytokinesis, each daughter cell would have twice as much dna because the sister chromatids would not have separated properly. the cells would pause at the end of anaphase and not finish mitosis or cytokinesis. at the completion of mitosis and cytokinesis, the daughter cells could have missing or extra chromosomes.
The M checkpoint, also known as the spindle assembly checkpoint, ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers before a cell proceeds from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis.
If a cell receives a stop signal at this checkpoint but continues to anaphase anyway, the potential consequence seen in daughter cells would be the presence of missing or extra chromosomes.
This occurs because the improper separation of sister chromatids can lead to unequal distribution of chromosomes among the two daughter cells. As a result, one cell may have more chromosomes, while the other may have fewer than the normal amount. This abnormality can cause various issues in the daughter cells, such as genetic disorders or malfunctioning cells.
In summary, the M checkpoint plays a crucial role in ensuring the correct distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during mitosis. Bypassing this checkpoint can lead to daughter cells with missing or extra chromosomes, which can have detrimental effects on the cells' function and the overall health of the organism.
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Explain the rock cycle in 2-4 sentences
Answer:
The rock cycle starts with one huge rock or magma, then the rock gets weathered and either becomes soft or it can become rough. "But does the rock stay that way?" and the answer is no. Over time the rock becomes weathered enough that it can't be weathered any more and that is because it is now sand.
Explanation:
easy
How does a molecular compound compare to the elements that make up the compound?! Plz help
Answer:The only difference between a molecule of a compound and a molecule of an element is that in a molecule of an element, all the atoms are the same. For example, in a molecule of water (a compound), there is one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. But in a molecule of oxygen (an element), both of the atoms are oxygen.
Explanation:here is some information that might help
3. What is another name or a sub-property of cohesion? Give an example of how this affects living
organisms
Answer:
Unity is the other name of cohesion.
Explanation:
The property of cohesion is to sticking together of something. The molecules of liquid stick together with the help of cohesion. This cohesion property is very important for plants because with the help of this property, plants take water through roots from the soil and the water molecules are stick together with the help of cohesion. If cohesion is not present then the uptake of water can not be possible.
since the sea lions in each tank were allowed to eat unlimited amounts of prey, why did they lose weight when eating pollock? why could they not just eat more pollock to maintain or increase their weight?
The lions lost their weight when eating pollock because eating pollock requires energy from sea lions, as pollocks are very difficult to catch. They also have fewer calories, so lions expend more energy than they get from them. By eating more you just burn more energy that they don't have.
Energy is one of the most common requirement to perform all of the life processes that is carried out inside our bodies. There are two sources of energy in the body: the one released by the exothermic body reactions or synthesis by the mitochondria of the cells.
Calorie is the unit of measurement of amount of energy obtained by the intake of food. This form of calorie is actually a kilocalorie where the i KCal = 1000 calories.
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The graphs above show a change in distribution of beak phenotypes X, Y, and Z over 10 generations. Notice that Beak X completely disappears from the population by Generation 5, but reappears by Generation 10. Could this occur in nature? How?
A, Yes, the alleles for Beak X could remain in the population as a recessive gene.
What is the rationale behind it?Recessive genes. The alleles for beak X could remain in the population as recessive genes. This means that birds with beak X would still be able to pass on the genes for beak X to their offspring, even if they themselves did not have beak X. If two birds with the recessive gene for beak X mated, their offspring would have a 25% chance of having beak X.
Mutation. The birds could mutate their beaks in response to a change in the environment. This could lead to the appearance of beak X, even if the gene for beak X was not present in the population before.
Random chance. Genetic mutation is so frequent that it is possible for beak X to reappear randomly by generation 10. This is especially likely if the environment is changing and there is a selective advantage for birds with beak X.
In conclusion, it is possible for beak X to reappear after 5 generations in nature. This could happen through the inheritance of recessive genes, mutation, or random chance.
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Complete question:
The graphs above show a change in distribution of beak phenotype X, Y, and Z over 10 generations. Notice that Beak X completely disappears from the population by Generation 5, but reappears by Generation 10. Could this occur in nature? How?
Yes, the alleles for Beak X could remain in the population as a recessive gene.
Yes, the birds could mutate their beaks in response to a change in the environment.
Yes, genetic mutation is so frequent that Beak X will likely reappear randomly by Generation 10.
No, once birds with Beak X are extinct, they cannot appear again.
show that surface brightness does not depend on distance, provided galaxies do not sit at cosmological distances (i.e. all of the "nearby universe" ap
To show that surface brightness does not depend on distance for galaxies in the nearby universe, let's first understand the concept of surface brightness and how it is calculated.
Surface brightness is defined as the amount of light emitted or received per unit area of an object, like a galaxy. It is usually measured in magnitudes per square arcsecond.
In the nearby universe, we can assume that galaxies do not sit at cosmological distances, meaning they are close enough that the expansion of the universe does not significantly affect their distances or observed properties.
Now, let's consider a galaxy of luminosity L, at a distance d from us. The flux (F) we receive from the galaxy can be calculated using the inverse square law:
F = L / (4 * π * d^2)
Next, we need to find the angular size (θ) of the galaxy. This can be done using the small angle approximation:
θ = D / d, where D is the physical size of the galaxy.
The surface brightness (SB) is the flux per unit angular area. So, we can write:
SB = F / (θ^2)
Now let's substitute F and θ in terms of L, d, and D:
SB = [L / (4 * π * d^2)] / [(D / d)^2]
By simplifying the equation, we get:
SB = L / (4 * π * D^2)
As we can see from this equation, surface brightness (SB) depends on the luminosity (L) of the galaxy and its physical size (D). However, it does not depend on the distance (d) of the galaxy.
Therefore, the surface brightness of a galaxy does not depend on its distance, provided the galaxy is within the nearby universe and not at cosmological distances.
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What happens when the atmosphere interacts with the biosphere?
Answer:
At the point when environment connects with biosphere they centers around on the sources and sinks of green house gases (GHGs) air toxins, specific issues, water and vitality between the world's surface and the climate. The biosphere influences the atmosphere.
Explanation:
hope this helps!! :D
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is cycled during plant respiration.
Or C on Edg
Explanation:
drosophila melanogaster is a species of fruit fly frequently used by researchers in genetic studies =
Drosophila melanogaster has a short life cycle of approximately 10-14 days, allowing for quick generation turnover and the observation of multiple generations within a short period.
Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, is a species widely utilized in genetic studies by researchers. Its characteristics make it an ideal model organism for studying various genetic processes and phenomena.
Drosophila melanogaster has a short life cycle of approximately 10-14 days, allowing for quick generation turnover and the observation of multiple generations within a short period. The flies are small in size, easy to handle, and require minimal space and resources for maintenance.
Furthermore, Drosophila melanogaster has a well-characterized and sequenced genome, making it convenient for genetic manipulation and analysis. Its genetic tools, such as mutant strains and transgenic techniques, enable researchers to study gene functions, inheritance patterns, and developmental processes.
The fruit fly's reproductive capacity and external development also provide opportunities for observing and studying embryonic development and genetic interactions.
Overall, Drosophila melanogaster's suitability as a model organism stems from its genetic tractability, short life cycle, well-known genome, and similarity in basic biological processes to higher organisms, making it an invaluable tool in genetic research.
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It is found by an organisation that more breaches of privacy have been occurring in it. As a result, the organisation must now record all the kinds breaches and problems involving privacy that occur if they do indeed occur in the future.
In this situation, an organization has found that more privacy breaches are happening, and as a result, the organization has to record all types of privacy breaches and issues that happen in the future. Privacy breaches can have a significant impact on individuals and organizations.
With the increase in the number of privacy breaches, the privacy of an individual or an organization is at risk. Organizations have a duty to protect the privacy of their clients, customers, and employees. They must ensure that the information they store is kept secure and confidential. When there is a breach of privacy, it can lead to a loss of trust, loss of business, and even legal action.
Therefore, it is essential for organizations to take privacy breaches seriously and take measures to prevent them from happening. In the case of an organization finding more breaches of privacy, it is necessary to record all types of breaches and problems involving privacy that occur in the future.
This is to ensure that the organization is aware of the issues and can take steps to prevent them from happening again. By recording these breaches, the organization can identify patterns and trends, which can help them to develop strategies to improve their privacy measures.
In conclusion, organizations have a responsibility to protect the privacy of individuals and should take measures to prevent breaches from happening. If breaches do occur, it is important to record them and take steps to prevent them from happening again in the future.
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Beginning with ancient and anaerobic bacteria list the sequence of steps leading to the first eukaryotic cell.
PLEASE I REALLY NEED HELP!!!!
match the type of heat transfers to the example
Answer:
What example
Explanation:
CONFUSION
thank youuuuuu
Muscles can only contract, so they occur in pairs. In the arm, the biceps muscle is a flexor-that is, it closes the limb. The triceps muscle is an extensor that opens the limb. This configuration is t
The tension in the biceps muscle T_AB can be determined as T_AB = 2W, and the magnitude of the force exerted by the forearm on the upper arm at the elbow joint C is equal to the weight of the forearm, which is 9 N.
In this scenario, the elbow joint is modeled as a simple machine, specifically a lever system. The weight of the forearm acts as the load, and the tension in the biceps muscle acts as the effort. According to the lever principle, the input force (tension in the biceps muscle) is greater than the output force (force exerted by the forearm on the upper arm at the elbow joint).
Since the weight of the forearm is given as 9 N, we can determine the tension in the biceps muscle T_AB by using the relation T_AB = 2W, which yields T_AB = 2(9 N) = 18 N. Therefore, the tension in the biceps muscle is 18 N.
The magnitude of the force exerted by the forearm on the upper arm at the elbow joint C is equal to the weight of the forearm, which is given as 9 N. This force represents the output force of the lever system at the elbow joint.
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consider a negatively charged protein adsorbed on anion-exchange gel at ph 8. (a) how will a gradient from ph 8 to some lower ph be use- ful for eluting the protein?
The protein becomes protonated as the pH is dropped, which results in a reduction in the negative charge's intensity. Protein retention weakens over time.
Ionizable compounds are separated using ion exchange chromatography according to their overall charge. Because the charge carried by the target molecule can be easily controlled by altering buffer pH, this technique makes it possible to separate comparable sorts of molecules that would be challenging to separate by other techniques.
To separate charged biological components like proteins, peptides, amino acids, or nucleotides, ion exchange chromatography is frequently utilized. Protein is made up of amino acids, which are zwitterionic substances that have both positively and negatively charged chemical groups. Proteins can have a net positive charge, a net negative charge, or no charge depending on the pH of their surroundings. The isoelectric point, or pI, of a molecule, is the pH at which there is no net charge.
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Which of the following Kingdoms does not have Heterotrophs?
A. Animalia
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Fungi
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called ________ fatty acids.
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called gluconeogenesis fatty acids.
What is gluconeogenesis?The process of producing glucose (sugar) from lipid (fat) or protein breakdown products, as well as from its own breakdown products. Gluconeogenesis primarily takes place in liver or kidney cells.The process of producing glucose in the body from non-carbohydrate precursors is known as gluconeogenesis. New glucose is produced by biosynthesis, not through the ingestion of carbohydrates. Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (fat), and certain amino acids can all be converted into glucose (protein).Both the kidneys and the liver engage in glucose synthesis. Between meals, gluconeogenesis meets the need for plasma glucose. The hormones that cause diabetes encourage the production of glucose (glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol). Glycerol, lactate, propionate, and a few amino acids are examples of gluconeogenic substrates.Learn more about gluconeogenesis here:
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How is gene expression related to cell differentiation and specialization?
Answer:
Gene expression plays a critical role in the morphological changes that take place in a developing embryo and fetus and in differentiation of stem cells to form specialised cells