The uneven distribution of ions across the membrane of a resting neuron is maintained by the - pump.

Answers

Answer 1

The uneven distribution of ions across the membrane of a resting neuron is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.

The sodium-potassium pump, also known as the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, is a critical protein embedded in the cell membrane of neurons. It actively transports sodium ions (Na+) out of the neuron and potassium ions (K+) into the neuron, against their concentration gradients. This pump plays a vital role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron. It ensures that the intracellular environment has a higher concentration of potassium ions and a lower concentration of sodium ions compared to the extracellular environment. This creates an electrochemical gradient that contributes to the overall negative charge inside the neuron. By continually moving ions across the membrane, the sodium-potassium pump helps restore and maintain the resting state of the neuron, allowing for proper signaling and functioning of the nervous system.

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Related Questions

An open source DBMS is: Group of answer choices a free source code RBMS that provides the functionality of an SQL-compliant DBMS. a beta release of a commercial RDBMS. an object-oriented database management system. source code for a commercial RDBMS.

Answers

A free source code RBMS that provides the functionality of an SQL-compliant DBMS.

An open source DBMS refers to a database management system that has its source code freely available to the public. It allows users to access, modify, and distribute the source code as per the terms of an open source license. In the context of the given options, an open source DBMS would be a free source code RBMS (Relational Database Management System) that provides the functionality of an SQL-compliant DBMS (Database Management System). This means it supports the structured query language (SQL) and provides the necessary functionality to manage relational databases.

Open source DBMSs offer advantages such as flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and a vibrant community of developers contributing to their improvement. Popular examples of open source DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite, which provide robust database management capabilities without the need for licensing fees.

An open source DBMS is a free source code RBMS that offers the functionality of an SQL-compliant DBMS. These software systems empower users with the ability to access, modify, and distribute the source code, providing flexibility and cost advantages. By leveraging open source DBMSs, organizations and individuals can build and manage relational databases efficiently and effectively

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Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.​

Answers

Answer:

Skeletal muscle tissue

Explanation:

A reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of ______.

Answers

Prezygotic barriers include things like reproductive obstacles that stop animals from mating. When an organism's eggs do not fertilize, this is referred to as a prezygotic barrier.

No progeny or zygote will be created in this situation. It contrasts with postzygotic barriers, which develop following fertilization. Although the offspring are created in this situation, they are sterile or not viable. It is impossible for two species to mate and reproduce when they have various mating seasons throughout the year. cycles of reproduction.

A zygote is a type of eukaryotic cell produced by the fertilization of two gametes. Each gamete's DNA is combined to create the zygote's genome, which holds all of the genetic material.

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Define a tertiary structure? How do they form (what bonding. interactions occur)? What are the intermediate states called when forming the tertiary structure.

Answers

A tertiary structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of the polypeptide chain in a protein. The tertiary structure is stabilized by various interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, and ionic bonds. The intermediate states that occur during the formation of the tertiary structure are known as molten globules.

Tertiary structure is the final stage of protein folding and is crucial for the protein's function. The formation of the tertiary structure involves the folding of secondary structures such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets into a compact, globular shape.

Molten globules are partially folded structures that have some of the characteristics of the final tertiary structure but are not fully stable. Molten globules are thought to be important in the folding process because they allow the protein to explore different conformations and find the most stable structure.

The formation of the tertiary structure is a complex process that is influenced by various factors such as temperature, pH, and the presence of other molecules. Some proteins require the assistance of chaperone proteins to fold correctly. Misfolded proteins can lead to various diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.


In summary, the tertiary structure is the final stage of protein folding and is crucial for the protein's function.

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Which organ(s) plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis when toxins build up in the body?

heart

kidneys

lungs

pancreas

Answers

Kidney
explaination

The liver, the pancreas, the kidneys, and the brain (hypothalamus, the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system) help maintain homeostasis. The liver is responsible for metabolizing toxic substances and with signaling from the pancreas maintains carbohydrate metabolism

Answer:

Kidneys is the correct answer!!

Explanation:

Destroys harmful substances or worn-out cell parts

Answers

It destroys harmful substances or worn-out cell parts is a cell organelle lysosome. it is present in the eukaryotic cell and helps the cell protect itself from the virus or other harmful molecules.

What is the function of the lysosomes in the cell?

The lysosome that is present in the cell has maintained an acidic environment because of the active transport of hydrogen from the cytoplasm to the lysosome. Due to its acidic nature, it can degrade the harmful pathogens in the cells and also degrade worn out cells, such as old mitochondria, and in this way, the lysosome protects the cell.

Hence, lysosomes destroy harmful substances or worn-out cell parts.

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Can someone help make a cladogram out of this

Can someone help make a cladogram out of this

Answers

Answer:

I have never done one of these before, so I don't know if it's right, but I think it's close

Explanation:

Can someone help make a cladogram out of this

Which is the odd
one? Explain.

A. RR
B. Rr
C. Aa
D. aa

Answers

Answer:

d aa its not capitalized like the other ones

Explanation:

Identify Draw arrows that point to the location of the chemical bonds
in the water molecule. (Hint: The oxygen atom is red, and the hydrogen
atoms are blue

Identify Draw arrows that point to the location of the chemical bondsin the water molecule. (Hint: The

Answers

Answer:

H2O

Explanation:

Dihydrogen monoxide

2 hydrogen= Dihydrogen

1 Oxygen= monoxide

It is an IONIC BOND!

:-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-)

Please help

:-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) Please help

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

sorry if im wrong!!!

Under which condition do high levels of transcription of structural genes occur in an inducible operon?A) It occurs continuously in the cell.B) It starts when the pathway's substrate is present.C) It starts when the pathway's product is present.D) It stops when the pathway's product is present.

Answers

The correct option is B ; It starts when the pathway's substrate is present. The repressor must be inactive and the promoter must bind RNA polymerase.

A well-known illustration of an inducible operon is the lac operon. Allolactose is created in the cell when lactose is present. By attaching to the repressor and preventing it from binding to the operator, allolactose functions as an inducer. Thus, the structural genes may be transcribed.

Therefore, large amounts of lac operon transcription are only possible in the absence of glucose. By employing this technique, it is ensured that bacteria will only activate the lac operon and begin utilizing lactose once all of their preferred energy sources have been used (glucose).

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The brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease show degradation of microtubule function, in part from over-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein, tau. What might happen to neurons when microtubule function is disrupted? In your answer, be specific about which structures within neurons are likely to be affected by microtubule disruptions and how they would be affected, and explain your reasoning. (You should be able to answer this question in no more than one brief paragraph.)
Key points: (again these are key points in answering the one question)
(1) If microtubules are disrupted, this would be expected to affect the structure of the neuron. Since tau is limited to axons, the axon should be abnormal, but the dendrites should be normal.
(2) If axonal microtubules are damaged, this would also interfere with axonal transport.
(3) Without axonal transport, the synapses could not be maintained.

Answers

Disruption of microtubule function in neurons, as seen in Alzheimer's disease due to over-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, can lead to structural and functional changes in the affected neurons.

Microtubules play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of neurons, particularly in the axons. Therefore, when microtubules are disrupted, the axon's structure would be affected, while the dendrites would remain relatively normal.

Microtubules are dynamic structures composed of tubulin proteins that provide structural support and facilitate intracellular transport within neurons. In Alzheimer's disease, over-phosphorylation of tau protein leads to the formation of abnormal tau tangles, which disrupt the integrity of microtubules. Since tau is mainly found in axons, the disruption primarily affects the axonal microtubules. Consequently, the axon's structural integrity would be compromised, while the dendrites, which have a different microtubule arrangement, would remain relatively unaffected.

Furthermore, microtubules are critical for axonal transport, the process by which essential molecules, organelles, and vesicles are transported along the axon to maintain neuronal function. Disrupted microtubules would impair axonal transport, leading to the inability to deliver necessary components to the synapses. Synapses are crucial for neuronal communication, and without proper maintenance, the synaptic connections between neurons would be compromised.

Overall, disruptions in microtubule function in neurons, as seen in Alzheimer's disease, can have detrimental effects on the structural integrity of axons, interfere with axonal transport, and ultimately lead to the impairment of synaptic maintenance and neuronal communication.

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Identify a country where the age profile of the population and the incidence of HIV/AIDS are most likely to make it difficult for that society to care adequately for the young people.
Cote D’Ivoire
Tanzania
Angola
Uganda

Answers

Uganda is a country where the age profile of the population and the incidence of HIV/AIDS make it challenging for society to adequately care for young people. The combination of a high youth population and a significant HIV/AIDS burden places a strain on Uganda's resources and social systems.  

Uganda has a relatively young population, with a significant proportion of the population being under the age of 18. This puts pressure on providing adequate education, healthcare, and social support systems to meet the needs of the young population.

Furthermore, Uganda has been severely affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The country has experienced high prevalence rates, and the impact of the disease has resulted in increased mortality rates and a significant number of orphaned children. The loss of parents due to AIDS-related illnesses leaves many young people without proper family support and exposes them to various vulnerabilities.

The combination of a large youth population and the burden of HIV/AIDS makes it challenging for Uganda to adequately care for its young people. It requires comprehensive efforts in healthcare, education, social services, and support networks to address the unique needs and challenges faced by young individuals affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

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the vertical stem, leaves, and flowers of a plant are all plant organs which are located aboveground. these organs make up the plant's _______ system.

Answers

The vertical stem, leaves, and flowers of a plant are all plant organs that are located aboveground. These organs make up the plant's shoot system.

What is the shoot system?

The shoot system, often known as the aerial system, is responsible for the plant's aboveground development, including the vertical stem, leaves, and flowers. It's distinguished from the root system, which is responsible for the plant's belowground growth and development. Both of these systems are critical for a plant's life because they allow for proper growth, nutrient and water absorption, and reproduction.

Plant organs that are aboveground, such as the stem, leaves, and flowers, form the shoot system of a plant. The shoot system is primarily responsible for the plant's aboveground development, including growth and reproduction.

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In order to test the implications of early emotional bonding, scientists have done testing on infant emotionality by separating animal babies from their natural mothers, allowing them to be raised by another of their same species. This testing strategy is called:

Answers

In order to test the implications of early emotional bonding, scientists have done testing on infant emotionality by separating animal babies from their natural mothers, allowing them to be raised by another of their same species. This testing strategy is called Cross fostering

Transfer of children between mothers is known as cross-fostering. This method is used to distinguish between environmental and genetic impacts on behavior. Transferring some freshly born or hatched young of species A from their mother nest to the nests of species B is the primary process of cross-fostering.A behavior can be proven to have a genetic foundation if cross-fostered offspring have a behavioral attribute that is distinct from that of their foster parents and similar to that of their biological parents. Similarly, environmental variables are proven to be dominating if the offspring exhibits qualities that are different from those of their biological parents and comparable to those of their foster parents.There is frequently a combination of the two, demonstrating both genes. This can be utilized in selective livestock breeding to combine desirable genetic traits like weight, fat distribution, or looks with ones that are influenced by the environment, like temper.

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Determine which liquid melts the fastest

Answers

its milk

Explanation:

On average, water melted in 145 minutes; sweet tea in 119 minutes; Coke in 118 minutes; PowerAde in 115 minutes and milk melted in 102 minutes. My results were that milk melted the fastest over-all out of all the liquids.

11. Which macronutrient comes from your body digesting grapes, apples, and pineapples?

carbohydrates

proteins

fats

Answers

Answer:

Carbohydrates

Explanation:

All of these break down into glucose and other simple sugars in the digestive system, then absorbed via BS and used by your body as energy.

Answer:

The answer is carbohydrates.

Explanation:

Hope this help!!

What property of electric current allowed Edison’s first light bulb to light?

Answers

Answer:

Electric current – The net movement of electric charges in a single direction through a wire or conductor. Voltage difference – The force that causes electric charges to flow; charges flow from high voltage to low voltage

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:What property of electric current allowed Edison's first light bulb to light? Electric current – The net movement of electric charges in a single direction through a wire or conductor. Voltage difference – The force that causes electric charges to flow; charges flow from high voltage to low voltage.

Which of the following best characterizes an ecological footprint?

Which of the following best characterizes an ecological footprint?

Answers

Okay I don’t want you too buddy but I can’t just stop by

What is the effect of slow climate change?

Answers

Answer: Climate change also increases the appearance of more violent weather phenomena, drought, fires, the death of animal and plant species, flooding from rivers and lakes, the creation of climate refugees and destruction of the food chain and economic resources, especially in developing countries.

Explanation: Hope this helps

what is not a main principle of the cell theory?

a-cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

b-new cells are produced from existing cells

c-all cells enclose their DNA within a nucleus

d-all living things are made of cells

Answers

Answer: c not all cells have a nucleus (prokaryotic cells don’t)

Explanation:

Explain and give an example of Newton’s Third Law

Answers

Answer:

Every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction.  

Example: If object A exerts a force on object B, object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.

Please help, it is python
You are holding an egg-balancing race in which each contestant will need one egg. You want to know if you have bought enough dozens of eggs for all the contestants who have registered for the race. Wr

Answers

Sure, I can help you with your question! To determine if you have bought enough dozens of eggs for all the contestants who have registered for the race in Python, you can use the following code:```pythoneggs_needed = dozens_needed = eggs_needed // 12if eggs_needed % 12 != 0:  

dozens_needed += 1print("You need to buy at least", dozens_needed, "dozen eggs.")```

Here's how the code works:

1. The `input()` function is used to ask the user how many eggs are needed for the race. The value entered is converted to an integer using the `int()` function and stored in the `eggs_needed` variable.

2. The number of dozens of eggs needed is calculated by dividing the number of eggs needed by 12 using the `//` operator, which performs integer division (i.e., it returns the quotient without the remainder). The result is stored in the `dozens_needed` variable.

3. If the number of eggs needed is not a multiple of 12 (i.e., there is a remainder), then one extra dozen of eggs is needed to make up for the remaining eggs. This is accounted for by adding 1 to the `dozens_needed` variable.4. Finally, the result is printed out using the `print()` function, which displays a message telling the user how many dozens of eggs they need to buy.

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Which of the following statements best describes sunspots?

Answers

Answer:

where are the statments?

Explanation:

Answer:

A). They are areas of the sun that are ''burnt out'' or the first option would be your answer.

Explanation:

have a good day

Describe the mammalian heart​

Answers

Answer:

The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles; the atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood. The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas and the coronary sinus; blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs.

✎﹏☾✦☁️❣️ Briefly explain the process of photosynthesis .❣️☁️​

Answers

Answer:

hope this will help u

Explanation:

photosynthesis is the process in which plant make their own food with the help of sunlight,water and carbon dioxide. water and carbon dioxide are raw materials in photosynthesis because they help to prepare their food.During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.

Explanation:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

This is a process in which green plants and other organisms make their own food from simple inorganic substances which are sunlight ,CO2 and chlorophyll.

Cell membranes made up of phospholipid bilayers are typically 8.40 nm in thickness and they are semi-permeable, allowing ions and charged proteins to transgress the cell boundary. Equal, opposite charge densities build up on either side of the cell membrane. This charge gradient forms an electrical barrier, preventing charged items and ions passing through the cell. For the purposes of this example, the cell membrane can be moded as a parallel plate capacitor. Owing to the presence of proteins and organic material embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, the membrane has a dielectric constant of 8.90. Determine the capacitance per unit area of this cell wall. Tolerance =5%, units mark =15%

Answers

The capacitance per unit area of this cell wall is 9.16 × 10⁻³ F/m² times the area (A) of the cell wall.

In order to determine the capacitance per unit area of the cell wall, we can use the formula for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor:

C = ε₀ * εᵣ * A / d

Where:

C is the capacitance,

ε₀ is the permittivity of free space (approximately 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m),

εᵣ is the relative permittivity or dielectric constant of the cell membrane (given as 8.90),

A is the area of the cell wall, and

d is the thickness of the cell membrane.

Given:

ε₀ = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m,

εᵣ = 8.90,

d = 8.40 nm.

First, we need to convert the thickness of the cell membrane from nanometers to meters. Since 1 nm = 1 × 10⁻⁹ m, the thickness in meters is:

d = 8.40 nm * (1 × 10⁻⁹ m / 1 nm) = 8.40 × 10⁻⁹ m.

Now we can calculate the capacitance per unit area:

C = (8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m) * (8.90) * A / (8.40 × 10⁻⁹ m)

Since we are asked to provide the answer in units mark = 15%, we need to calculate the value within 15% tolerance.

To do this, we can use the following formula to find the range of acceptable values:

Range = (tolerance / 100) * Value

Range = (0.15) * C

To find the minimum and maximum values:

Minimum Value = C - Range

Maximum Value = C + Range

Now let us calculate the capacitance per unit area:

C = (8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m) * (8.90) * A / (8.40 × 10⁻⁹ m)

or, C ≈ (9.16 × 10⁻³ F/m²) * A

Therefore, the capacitance per unit area of the cell wall is approximately (9.16 × 10⁻³ F/m²) times the area (A) of the cell wall.

Please note that the calculations provided here assume ideal conditions and may not account for all real-world factors.

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Write an essay consisting of three (3) paragraphs, describing the various types of species
interactions in an ecosystem. Each paragraph must consist to 5 to 7 complete sentences.

Answers

The types of species interactions in an ecosystem involve ;

Commensalism.Parasitism.Mutualism.

What are these species interactions?

Mutualism can be described as the symbiotic relationship  which makes species involved to benefit from their interactions.

Parasitism can be described as a type whereby one of the speicies will be benefitting from the host, however in this case the host will be harmed which can bring about death or sickness and this does not usuall end well with the host.

Commensalismcan be described as the association between two organisms whereby one of the organism will have benefits  from the other one but it will not harm it just the benefits.

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darwin's studies of galapagos finches are well known in the study of evolution. these studies have been instrumental in helping us understand how new species evolved from pre-existing species. which statement is true about the speciation of the galapagos finches? responses

Answers

Darwin's studies of the Galapagos finches provided crucial insights into how new species evolve from pre-existing species through adaptive radiation and natural selection.

The true statement about the speciation of the Galapagos finches is as follows:

The speciation of the Galapagos finches occurred through a process called adaptive radiation, in which a single ancestral species diversified into several distinct species by adapting to different environmental conditions and resources.

This process involved the following steps:
1. The ancestral finch species arrived on the Galapagos Islands.
2. The finches dispersed to different islands within the archipelago, each with distinct environmental conditions and food sources.
3. Over time, the finches evolved different beak shapes and sizes, allowing them to exploit various food resources, such as seeds, insects, and fruit.
4. Natural selection favored finches with beak adaptations that were well-suited to the available resources on each island.
5. As the finches became more specialized and adapted to their respective environments, they gradually evolved into distinct species.


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Ten plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Later that year, some of the ten plants have blue flowers and others have pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following statements? a. environmental factors such as soil pH affect the phenotype b. multiple alleles are involved in color determining flower color
c. the alleles are codominant d. the allele for blue hydrangea is completely dominant over the allele for pink hydrangea

Answers

The best explanation for the observed variation in flower color among the ten plants is a. environmental factors such as soil pH affect the phenotype.

This is because the flower color variation of hydrangeas can be affected by the pH of the soil in which they are grown. In acidic soil (pH < 6), the flowers tend to be blue, whereas in alkaline soil (pH > 7), the flowers tend to be pink. This is due to the presence of aluminum ions in acidic soil, which hydrangeas absorb and transport to their petals, causing the flowers to appear blue. In contrast, in alkaline soil, aluminum ions are not available to the plant, and the flowers appear pink. Therefore, the color of the hydrangea flowers can vary depending on the pH of the soil in which they are grown, and this is an example of how environmental factors can affect the phenotype of an organism.

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what was a goal of president truman in ordering research of the hydrogen bomb? how did the looting of shops and malls will affect the businesses in the the terms of the relationships between social responsibility and triple bottom line? pentagon VWXYZ is shown on the coordinate grid. A student reflected pentagon VWXYZ across the x-axis to create pentagon VWXYZ. Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesised protein that will be secreted by a cell? O Golgi rough ER lysosome transport vesicle plasma membrane O rough ER Golgi transport vesicle nucleus O rough ER lysosome transport vesicle plasma membrane O rough ER Golgi transport vesicle plasma membrane Solve for x.x+6= 2x+29 +9 The middle ages was known as the age of __________. a. heterophony b. courtly lovec. free enterprise d. the parisian chanson during the black freedom movement of the 20th century, black artistic expression was used to advocate for racial equality. describe one example of this artistic expression. Kalani and lael are students who have been comparing the total kinetic energy of an iceberg to an ice cube Persian Rugs needs $288 million to support growth next year. If it issues new common stock to raise the funds, the flotation (issuance) costs will be 4 percent. If Persian can issue stock at $75 per share, how many shares of common stock must be issued so it has $288 million after flotation costs to use for its planned growth? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. ___________ shares. according to baltes and other researchers, which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies How can a metronome assist a musician while performing? A nurse is admitting a client who has been having frequent tonic-clonic seizures. Which of the following actions should the nurse add to the client's plan of care?Wrap blankets around all four sides of the bed.Apply restraints during seizure activity.Place the client in a supine position during seizure activity.Have a tongue depressor at the client's bedside. An example of a two-point violation includes reckless driving. According to ______, females are less delinquent than males because their social roles provide fewer opportunities to commit crimes. The graph of quadratic function g is shown. Which statements are best supported by the graph of g?Select THREE correct answers.The vertex is at (4,-4).The axis of symmetry is y = 4.The zeros are at (2, 0) and (6, 0).The axis of symmetry is x = 4.The vertex is a maximum.31 You are an auditor on the Alpha Limited (Alpha) engagement. Alphas accounts receivable master file includes the following fields:Field Number Field Name1Debtor account number2Debtor name3Debtor address4Credit limit5Total balance6Balance > 60 days overdue7Sales year-to-date totala. Alpha has integrated a programmed input application control (a limit check refer module 2) on the credit limit field (4) above. Describe a specific, practical audit procedure you would undertake to test this application control is operating effectively.b. Using generalised audit software, outline one (1) exception report that could be produced from the above masterfile to assist with the audit of accuracy, valuation and allocation of accounts receivable. Discuss how this report will be utilised in providing relevant evidence necessary to substantiate this assertion. What percentage of people who begin drinking before age 14 develop a dependency on alcohol?. A. Plant exposed to the sun1. Where does the heat come from?Answer: The bad collet.com the sun2. Where does heat transfer to?Answer:3. How do the molecules in the plant behave before the heat transfer?Answer:4. How do the molecules in the plant behave after the heat transfer?Answer:5. What would happen to the temperature of the plant after the heat transfer?Answer:6. Differentiate between heat and temperature of the plant that is exposed to the sunat the molecular level. What does it mean when they say the plasma membrane is selectively permeable ? According to the Trade Union Affairs Department, only 875,193, or six percent, of the 14.5 million workers in the country, are currently union members. Union membership in the private sector also shows a marked decrease, dropping from 433,702 in 2009 to 359,206 in 2017. The above statistics shows percentage of workers joining a trade union in Malaysia has been steadily dropping in the last two decades. Discuss what could be the possible reasons based on your research findings. (50 marks)