The temperature of water is 45 what does the measurement represent

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

degree of hotness of coldness of a substance


Related Questions

Which of the following best describes empathy?

the understanding of the feelings and beliefs of others
the lack of pride or boastfulness
the courage to speak up with one’s ideas
the possession of honesty and high morals

Answers

Answer:

the first one is the correct answer

Answer:

the first one would be correct

Explanation:

An adult has a total of about 22.3 square feet (ft2) of skin. Use the fact that 1 m is approximately equal to 3.281 feet to convert this measurement to square meters (m2).

Answers

Explanation:

1 meter ≈ 3.281 ft.

so,

1 m² = 1m×1m ≈ 3.281 × 3.281 = 10.764961 ft²

now we have 22.3 ft² of skin.

that would be then

22.3/10.764961 = 2.071535605 ≈ 2.1 m² or even more rounded ≈ 2 m²

A chemical process converts molten iron (III) oxide into molten iron and carbon dioxide by using a reducing agent of carbon monoxide. The process allows 10.08 kg of iron to be produced from every 16.00 kg of iron (III) oxide in an excess of carbon monoxide. Calculate the percentage yield of iron produced in this process.

Answers

Answer:

percentage yield = 63%

Explanation:

The yield efficiency or percentage yield measure the amount of products that are formed from a given amount of reactant. For a percentage yield of 100, all the reactants are completely converted to product. Mathematically, the percentage yield is given by:

\(percentage\ yield = \frac{Actual\ yield}{expected\ yield} \times 100\\Actual\ yield = 10.08kg\\Expected\ yield= 16.00kg\\\\\therefore percentage\ yield = \frac{10.08}{16.00} \times 100 = 63 \%\)

When a process is in a state of statistical control, all of the points on a control chart should fall within the control limits. However, it is undesirable that all of the points should fall extremely near, or exactly on, the centerline of the control chart. Why?

Answers

it is undesirable that all of the points should fall extremely near, or exactly on, the centerline of the control chart Because:

It can make it difficult  to interpret patterns and draw conclusions in a run chart.It can lead hinder the process, and make it unstable.When a data point falls outside the control limits of a run chart ?

If a data point falls is said to outside the control limits, we can say that the process is said to be out of one's control and it is good that an investigation is done to ascertain and remove the cause or causes.

So, it is undesirable that all of the points should fall extremely near, or exactly on, the centerline of the control chart Because:

It can make it difficult  to interpret patterns and draw conclusions in a run chart.It can lead hinder the process, and make it unstable.

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which of the following is not an acceptable means of making a steel column fire resistant? group of answer choices apply an intumescent mastic/paint. wrap the column with layers of drywall. encase the column in concrete. use a water-filled box column.

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All of the above are acceptable means of making a steel column fire-resistant.

Spraying low-density fibers or cementitious compounds, also known as spray-applied fire-resistive materials, is the most common method of fireproofing.

Applying intumescent mastic/paint also known as intumescent paints protects steel members from fire. By creating a buffer between a steel element and the fire, intumescent coatings can expand by as much as 100 times their original thickness.

Encase the column in concrete is majorly utilized in large sections whereby steel is encased in. Based on the amount of concrete used, this requires more space than other options. Additionally, because it is not as visually appealing as others, it is utilized in settings where appearance is not the primary consideration.

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One of the challenges with ICT security is ‘selling’ the notion of investing in ICT security. One approach is to use a traditional return on investment approach with an emphasis on information security issues. This is referred to as a Return on Security Investment (ROSI) and ROSI calculations can be presented to management to justify security investments.
The ROSI elements discussed during the semester included the following formula components: Single Loss Expectancy (SLE); Annual Rate of Occurrence (ARO); Annual Loss Expectancy (ALE) which is calculated: ALE = ARO * SLE; Modified Annual Loss Expectancy (MALE) (this is the ALE after the implementation of the proposed security controls). The ROSI takes account of the ALE, the MALE and the cost of the proposed controls.
Considering the following scenario involving the help desk staff responsible for providing support to the HRM system from question 1:
The help desk staff reset hundreds of passwords annually for various reasons. On average the help desk staff reset 10 passwords annually without properly verifying the staff member’s identity correctly and provide access to the wrong person. The damages in reputational and privacy breaches is estimated to cost $10,000 per incident. By implementing a verification software package with a licence cost of $5,000 per annum, the loss expectancy would be reduced by 75%.
Calculate the ROSI for this scenario.
Given this scenario, discuss the limitations with using a ROSI calculation in this manner. You should provide 5 issues that highlight limitations with the application of a ROSI used as a primary means to justify this control.
Part (b) (10 marks)
Your information security section within the university (as per Q1) conducts a series of rolling security evaluations of its general IT environment and specific core application systems. You have been allocated the task of conducting the evaluation of the baseline controls in the general IT environment. An activity early in this process is the construction of a suitable normative model for the evaluation.
Using the ISO 27002 information security framework discussed during the semester, identify 5 controls that would be important elements of the normative model. It is quite likely that there will be many more than 5 controls relevant to this baseline security situation, but you should try to select 5 of the more important controls.
You should provide a brief rationale for the selection of the controls for the normative model.

Answers

ROSI or Return on Security Investment is a method to justify security investments. The following formula components are used to calculate ROSI: SLE (Single Loss Expectancy)ARO (Annual Rate of Occurrence)

The help desk staff reset hundreds of passwords annually for various reasons. On average the help desk staff reset 10 passwords annually without properly verifying the staff member’s identity correctly and provide access to the wrong person. The damages in reputational and privacy breaches are estimated to cost $10,000 per incident.

Implementing a verification software package with a license cost of $5,000 per annum, the loss expectancy would be reduced by 75%.So, the current loss expectancy (ALE) is calculated as: ALE = ARO * SLEALE = (10/100) * ($10,000)ALE = $1000MALE is the ALE after the implementation of the proposed security controls. Therefore, MALE would be: MALE = ALE - (ALE * reduction percentage)MALE = $1000 - ($1000 * 0.75)MALE = $250Therefore, ROSI would be calculated as: ROSI = (ALE – MALE) / investment cost ROSI = ($1000 - $250) / $5000ROSI = 0.15 or 15%.

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Complete the following sentence.

Geometry is a field of ____ that studies the size, shape, and position of structures by analyzing space.​

Answers

Answer:

Mathematics

Explanation:

⁄(⁄ ⁄•⁄ω⁄•⁄ ⁄)⁄

Answer:

It is a field if mathematics

The frame structure of a STS
Synchronous transport signal
is divided into two parts. What are they?

Answers

A fast axonal transport method that uses proteins to convey the materials quickly is known as retrograde axoplasmic transport.

Typically, the bilayer structure of the cell membrane contains membrane proteins. The role of membrane protein primary function is that of a carrier. They convey the required elements into the cell by facilitating the entrance of molecules that cannot enter the cell on their own. Between the cell's internal and external environments, the membrane receptor proteins act as signal relays. Protein filaments give the cell structural support in terms of support. These proteins move the materials along the cytoskeletal microtubule surfaces of nerve cells. The chemicals are moved from the terminal ends of the axon towards the soma or cell body through retrograde axoplasmic transport. Most of the materials that need to be recycled or broken down are moved via this sort of axonal transport.

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evaluate various types of attacks and select the scenario that simulates a transitive access attack.

Answers

The scenario that simulates a transitive access attack may include an attacker who exploits a weakness in a shopping website in order to mimic an end user and obtain services from a distributor.

What is meant by a transitive access attack?

A transitive access attack may be characterized as a type of misuse of trust that causes issues with securing information or control. It attempts to access a back-end server through another server.

A SQL injection attack is an example of a transitive access attack that can bypass many other security controls. For example, if system A trusts B and system B trusts C, then it is possible for system A to inadvertently trust system C, which might lead to exploitation by a nefarious operator on system C.

Therefore, an attacker exploits a weakness in a shopping website in order to mimic an end user and obtain services from a distributor representing a scenario that simulates a transitive access attack.

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which of the following describes what occurs when energy is lost in efficient transformation?

it is destroyed

it increases fluid power

it creates new energy

it takes the form of heat or thermal power​

Answers

Answer: It takes the form of heat or thermal power.

Explanation: I got it right on the test.

Answer:

B. It takes the form of heat or thermal power.

Explanation:

edg21

How Many Possible Host IDs Do You Always Lose Per Network?a. 2b. 4c. 8d. 12

Answers

The correct response is a. 2. Per network, there are always two host IDs that are lost.

A network is made up of two or more computers that are connected in order to share resources (such CDs and printers), exchange files, or enable electronic interactions. Computers connected to a network can communicate with one another via wires, phone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared laser beams. Making connections and developing relationships is the process of networking. You may receive contacts and guidance from these connections, which can assist you in making wise career selections. Even unlisted jobs and internships might be found through networking. You can network in a group or one-on-one scenario. The Howard Beale Show ends once the assassination is successful, and The Mao Tse-Tung Hour begins its second season. The narrator of the movie says, "This was the story of Howard Beale, the first known instance of a guy who was slain because he had poor ratings," as the movie comes to a close. The first person who was known to have been killed because of poor grades was Howard Beale.

 

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La distancia que existe entre las bases de un campo de béisbol es de 28 m. Si la pelota se batea por la línea en dirección a la tercera base con una velocidad de 32 m/s. ¿Con qué rapidez cambia la distancia entre la pelota y la primera base cuando se encuentra a la mitad del camino hacia la tercera base?

Answers

Answer: Could you put this in english plz

Explanation:

You've built a scene and want to quickly view it from multiple preset angles. which unreal engine shortcut would work best?

Answers

The shortcut in Unreal Engine to quickly view a scene from multiple preset angles is Ctrl + 3.

We have,

In Unreal Engine, you can quickly view your scene from multiple preset angles using the "Matinee" tool.

Matinee allows you to create cinematic sequences and set up camera shots with different angles and movements.

To access the Matinee tool and switch between preset camera angles, you can use the following shortcut:

Ctrl + 3

Pressing Ctrl + 3 will open the Matinee tool and display the available camera shots or sequences you have set up.

You can then select the desired camera angle from the list to instantly switch to that view.

Thus,

The shortcut in Unreal Engine to quickly view a scene from multiple preset angles is Ctrl + 3.

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The Unreal Engine shortcut that would work best for quickly viewing a scene from multiple preset angles is "Bookmarks."

Bookmarks allow you to save and recall specific camera positions and orientations in the scene.

By setting up bookmarks at different desired angles, you can easily switch between them to view the scene from various perspectives without the need for manual camera adjustments.

Thus, The Unreal Engine shortcut that would work best for quickly viewing a scene from multiple preset angles is "Bookmarks."

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You should always try to put out a fire if you see one, no matter how large it is.

Answers

Answer:

That's not true, if your house is burning down, leave. Let the firefighters do their jobs.

Explanation:

For the following problems, assume the modulus of elasticity for steel to be 30,000,000 psi. Refer to Appendix Fort for other materials. Compute the total elongation of a steel bar, originally 25 in. long, if the induced tensile stress is 15,000 psi,

Answers

The total elongation (ΔL) = 15,000 psi x 0.0005 = 0.075 inches

The total elongation of a steel bar, originally 25 inches long, when the induced tensile stress is 15,000 psi can be calculated as follows:


Using Hooke's Law, the elongation is equal to the stress multiplied by the strain:


Elongation (ΔL) = Stress (σ) x Strain (ε)

Elongation (ΔL) = 15,000 psi x Strain


The modulus of elasticity for steel is 30,000,000 psi, so the strain is equal to the stress divided by the modulus of elasticity:

Strain (ε) = Stress (σ) / Modulus of Elasticity (E)

Strain (ε) = 15,000 psi / 30,000,000 psi

Strain (ε) = 0.0005

Therefore, the total elongation (ΔL) = 15,000 psi x 0.0005 = 0.075 inches

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the process of breaking the wbs into smaller and smaller deliverables is called: group of answer choices functional design detailed specifications value engineering decomposition

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Decomposition is the process of breaking the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) into smaller and smaller deliverables. This process is also sometimes referred to as value engineering or detailed specifications. By decomposing the WBS into smaller pieces, it becomes easier to assign tasks, assign costs, and plan out timelines.

The decomposition process begins by taking the major deliverables of the project and breaking them down into smaller tasks. From there, each task is further broken down into even more specific tasks. This process is repeated until all tasks have been broken down into their smallest components.

The purpose of decomposition is to create a well-defined scope of the project so that it can be managed in an efficient manner. It allows managers to easily identify the resources, cost, and timeline of each task, as well as provide a way to evaluate the progress of each task. It also allows for better control of the overall project.

Decomposition is a critical part of the project management process, as it ensures the project is organized and defined. This ultimately leads to an overall better result for the customer.

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A television set connected to a 120-v outlet consumes 21 w of power. (a) how much current flows through the television? (b) how much time does it take for 10 million electrons to pass through the tv?

Answers

The current flowing through the television is 0.175 A and it will take 9.14 x 10^-12 s for 10 million electrons to pass through the TV.

(a) The current flowing through the television can be calculated using the formula: I = P/V,

where I is the current in amps,

P is the power in watts,

and V is the voltage in volts.

Plugging in the given values, we get:

I = 21 W / 120 V = 0.175 A

Therefore, the current flowing through the television is 0.175 A.

(b) The amount of time it takes for 10 million electrons to pass through the TV can be calculated using the formula: t = Q / I,

where t is the time in seconds,

Q is the charge in coulombs,

and I is the current in amps.

The charge of 10 million electrons is:

Q = (10 million electrons) x (1.6 x 10^-19 C / electron) = 1.6 x 10^-12 C

Plugging in the values for Q and I, we get:

t = (1.6 x 10^-12 C) / (0.175 A) = 9.14 x 10^-12 s

Hence, the current flowing through the television is 0.175 A and it will take 9.14 x 10^-12 s for 10 million electrons to pass through the TV.

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Why does the us import oil? because it does not produce any oil at all because it needs higher quality oil than it produces because it has exported too much oil to nearby countries because it is cheaper to import oil than to produce it

Answers

US import oil because it is cheaper to import oil than to produce it

What is importation?

Importation is a way of bringing in goods and services from neighbouring country into your country.

Countries import because it helps them to supply high cost and scarce resources to its market with products from other countries at a very cheap rate.

Hence we can conclude that US import oil because it is cheaper to import oil than to produce it.

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Answer:

because it is cheaper to import oil than to produce it

Explanation:

d on edge2023

a steady-flow compressor is used to compress helium from 15 psia and 70°f at the inlet to 200 psia and 600°f at the outlet. the outlet area and velocity are 0.01 ft2 and 100 ft/s, respectively, and the inlet velocity is 50 ft/s. determine the mass flow rate and the inlet area. answers: 0.0704 lbm/s, 0.133 ft

Answers

To determine the mass flow rate and inlet area of the steady-flow compressor, we can use the conservation of mass equation and Bernoulli's equation. First, let's calculate the mass flow rate, Substitute the known values into the conservation of mass equation to solve for the mass flow rate (m_dot).

Next, let's determine the inlet area (A1), Apply Bernoulli's equation between the inlet and outlet conditions:
\(P1 + 0.5 * rho1 * V1^2 = P2 + 0.5 * rho2 * V2^2\)
  where:
  - P1 is the inlet pressure
  - rho1 is the density of helium at the inlet conditions
  - V1 is the inlet velocity
  - P2 is the outlet pressure
  - rho2 is the density of helium at the outlet conditions
  - V2 is the outlet velocity

2. Rearrange the equation and solve for the inlet area (A1):
 \(A1 = (m_dot * sqrt(R1 * T1)) / (P1 * V1)\)
  where:
  - m_dot is the mass flow rate
  - R1 is the specific gas constant for helium
  - T1 is the inlet temperature
  - P1 is the inlet pressure
  - V1 is the inlet velocity

Substituting the calculated values,  Mass flow rate (m_dot) = 0.0704 lbm/s
- Inlet area\((A1) = 0.133 ft²\), Therefore, the mass flow rate is 0.0704 lbm/s and the inlet area is 0.133 ft².

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Find the remaining trigonometric function of 0 if

Find the remaining trigonometric function of 0 if

Answers

Answer:

Hope this will help you

Have a good day

Find the remaining trigonometric function of 0 if

draw the fbd that is required to determine the internal forces at point j. (you must provide an answer before moving on to the next part.) the fbd that is required to determine the internal forces at point j is

Answers

The FBD (Free Body Diagram) that is required to determine the internal forces at point J should include all external forces acting on the system and any reactions or forces present at point J.

This FBD will allow for the determination of the internal forces, such as shear forces and bending moments, at point J.
To determine the internal forces at point J, you need to draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD). In this FBD, you should include all the external forces acting on the object at point J, such as gravitational force, tension, friction, and any applied forces. Once you have drawn the FBD, you can use equilibrium equations (sum of forces in horizontal and vertical directions equals zero) to solve for the unknown internal forces. After finding the internal forces at point J, you can move on to the next part of your problem. Forces are physical quantities that describe the interactions between objects or systems. They can cause a change in motion or deformation in an object. Some common types of forces include gravitational force, electromagnetic force, frictional force, and normal force. Forces can be described by their magnitude, direction, and point of application. Newton's laws of motion provide a framework for understanding the behavior of objects under the influence of forces. Understanding forces is essential in many fields, including physics, engineering, and biomechanics, as it allows for the prediction and control of the behavior of systems under different conditions.

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Find the thickness of the material that will allow heat transfer of 6706.8 *10^6 kcal during the 5 months through the rectangle heater made from copper whose dimensions are 450 cm by 384 cm. Outside and inside temperature are 30° C and 50° C respectively

Answers

Answer:

The thickness of the material is 6.23 cm

Explanation:

Given;

quantity of heat, Q = 6706.8 *10⁶ kcal  

duration of the heat transfer, t = 5 months

thermal conductivity of copper, k = 385 W/mk

outside temperature of the heater, T₁ = 30° C

inside  temperature of the heater, T₂ = 50° C

dimension of the rectangular heater = 450 cm by 384 cm

1 kcal = 1.163000 Watt-hour

6706.8 *10⁶ kcal  = 7800008400 watt-hour

I month = 730 hours

5 months = 3650 hours

Rate of heat transfer, P = \(\frac{7800008400 \ Watt-Hour}{3650 \ Hours} = 2136988.6 \ W\)

Rate of heat transfer, \(P = \frac{K*A *\delta T}{L}\)

where;

P is the rate of heat transfer (W)

k si the thermal conductivity (W/mk)

ΔT is change in temperature (K)

A is area of the heater (m²)

L is thickness of the heater (m)

\(P = \frac{KA(T_2-T_1)}{L} \\\\L = \frac{KA(T_2-T_1)}{P}\\\\L = \frac{385(4.5*3.84)(50-30)}{2136988.6}\\\\L = 0.0623 \ m\)

L = 6.23 cm

Therefore, the thickness of the material is 6.23 cm

How does the Center of Gravity of a Robot Relate to the Translational, Rotational, or Oscillatory Motion Associated with it?

Answers

The center of gravity, also known as the balance point or point of rotation when an object is permitted to freely rotate, is the average location of an object's weight.

Explain about the Gravity?

All objects with mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational attraction, which has a magnitude that is directly proportional to the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from one another.

By means of gravity, a planet or other body pulls items toward its core. All the planets are maintained in their orbits around the sun by the force of gravity.

Any particle of matter in the universe will gravitate toward any other with a force that varies directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them, according to Newton's law of gravity.

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the process by which engineers and dessighns quikly make a version of a product to asscess a specific design element is called

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The process by which engineers and designers quickly make a version of a product to assess a specific design element is called rapid prototyping.

Rapid prototyping is a technique used in product development that involves creating a scaled-down version or a functional prototype of a product to evaluate and test specific design elements. It allows engineers and designers to quickly iterate and refine their designs based on feedback and performance testing.

Rapid prototyping involves using various technologies and tools such as 3D printing, computer-aided design (CAD), and additive manufacturing to fabricate physical prototypes. These prototypes can range from simple representations of the product to fully functional models that closely resemble the final product.

The purpose of rapid prototyping is to assess the feasibility, functionality, and aesthetics of a design before committing to expensive and time-consuming production processes. It enables engineers and designers to identify design flaws, test different materials or components, evaluate ergonomics, and gather user feedback early in the product development cycle.

By quickly creating and testing prototypes, engineers and designers can make informed design decisions, reduce development time and costs, and ultimately deliver better products to the market. Rapid prototyping is a valuable tool in the iterative design process, allowing for efficient exploration and optimization of design elements.

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What is the Bernoulli formula?

Answers

Answer:

P1+1/2pv2/1+pgh1=P2+1/2pv2/2+pgh2

Suppose a 3-input AND gate was not available. Could you build a 3-input AND gate using two 2-input AND gates? Explain. (f) If you used two 2-input AND gates to build each 3-input AND gate, could you still have implemented fi​ with just 3 chips? Explain your answer.

Answers

I Yes, it is possible to build a 3-input AND gate using two 2-input AND gates.

ii. You would still need a minimum of four chips to implement the 3-input AND operation.

How to explain the information

I Input A and input B are connected to the inputs of the first 2-input AND gate.

The output of the first AND gate is connected to one of the inputs of the second 2-input AND gate.

Input C is connected directly to the remaining input of the second AND gate.

The output of the second AND gate is the output of the 3-input AND gate.

ii Regarding your second question, if you used two 2-input AND gates to build each 3-input AND gate, you would still need a minimum of four chips to implement the 3-input AND operation. Each 3-input AND gate requires two 2-input AND gates, so you would need at least two 3-input AND gates, which would require four chips in total.

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A steel plate of width 120mm and thickness of 20mm is bent into a circular arc radius of 10. You are required to calculate the maximum stress induced and the bending moment which will give the maximum stress. You are given that E=2*10^5​

A steel plate of width 120mm and thickness of 20mm is bent into a circular arc radius of 10. You are

Answers

Answer:

Hence the magnitude of the pure moment m will be \(2\times 10^5.\)

Explanation:

 Width of steel fleet = 120 mm   The thickness of steel fleet = 10 mm   Let the circle of radius = 10 m  

Now,

We know that,

\(\frac{M}{I} = \frac{E}{R}\)

Thus, \(M =\frac{EI}{R}\)

Here

R = 10000 mm  

\(I=\frac{1}{12}\times 120\times 10^{3}\\= 10^{4} mm^{4}\)

\(E=2\times 10^{5}n/mm^{2}\\\\E=2\times 10^{5}n/mm^{2}\\\\M={(2\times 10^{5}\times 10^{4})/{10000}}\\\\M=2\times 10^{5}\)

 

Hence, the magnitude of the pure moment m will be \(2\times 10^5.\)

: What is the net resistance between points A and B?

Answers

RAB1=RA1+RB1=69=23 . D and E are combined in a parallel fashion. RDE1=RD1+RE1=69=23. Currently, Resistor C is connected in series to AB and DE. Rnet = 23+23+3 = 6 for net resistance.

How can the resistance between A and B be calculated?Total resistance in the path 'ACB' (i.e., R 1 = 8.5 Omega + 3.5 Omega = 12 Omega) is given in clause (3.22) (a). <br> Since "R 1 and R 2" are parallel, the resistance between "A and B," or "effective resistance," is"br> R = (3 xx 12)/(3 + 12) Omega = 2.4 Omega is written as "R = (R 1 R 2)/(R 1 + R 2)". <br> In.When two identical resistors are linked in series, their net resistance can be calculated as Rseries=R1+R2, whereas when they are connected in parallel, their net resistance can be calculated as 1Rparallel=1R1+1R2. R + R/2 + R = 2R/5 represents the circuit's net resistance.

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Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam power plant at a temperature of 50 C with cooling water from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at 18 C at a rate of 101 kg/s and leaves at 27 C. Determine (a) the rate of condensation of the steam in the condenser by applying the first law of thermodynamics on the condenser as one system, (b) then determine the heat transfer between the steam and the cooling water.

Answers

The heat transfer between the steam and the cooling water is 4.269 × 38.334 = 164.12 MW and So, the rate of condensation of steam in the condenser is 1.495 kg/s.

Inlet temperature of cooling water (T_c1) = 18 C

Outlet temperature of cooling water (T_c2) = 27 C

Inlet mass flow rate of cooling water (m_c) = 101 kg/s

Condensation temperature of steam (T_s) = 50 C

By First Law of Thermodynamics:

∆E_system = Q - W

Where ∆E_system = change in the internal energy of the system

Q = heat added to the system

W = work done by the system,

The condenser receives steam and cooling water as inputs and produces condensed steam and warm water as outputs. There is no significant work transfer through the condenser as it is not the primary work-producing component of the power plant, as a result, W is considered zero.

So, we have ∆E_system = Q - 0

At steady state, the rate of heat transferred to the cooling water per unit mass of the cooling water (Q_c) is given by:

Q_c = m_c c_c (T_c2 - T_c1)

Where c_c = specific heat of cooling water. So, we can calculate

Q_c = 101 × 4.186 × (27 - 18)kJ/kg = 3803.26 kJ/kg = 3.80326 MJ/s.

As per the first law of thermodynamics,

Q = m_s(h_s - h_c);

Where Q = heat absorbed by the condenser per unit time in MJ/s

m_s = rate of steam flow in kg/s

h_s = specific enthalpy of steam at condensation temperature (50 C)

h_c = specific enthalpy of the condensed steam at condensation temperature (50 C)

Specific enthalpy of steam at 50 C can be obtained from steam tables.

At 50 C, the saturation pressure is 12.338 kPa, so the steam is unsaturated and has specific enthalpy of 2734.9 kJ/kg (approx).

The specific enthalpy of the condensed steam is 191.8 kJ/kg (approx) (evaluated using the specific enthalpy values of water at 50 C from the steam tables).

So, we can calculate Q = m_s (2734.9 - 191.8)kJ/kg = 2543.1 m_s kJ/s

Equating Q and Q_c, we get:3.80326 MJ/s = 2543.1 m_s kJ/s

Therefore,m_s = 1.495 kg/s. So, the rate of condensation of steam in the condenser is 1.495 kg/s.

The rate of heat transfer between steam and cooling water can be calculated as the product of the mass flow rates of both the fluids, multiplied by the difference in their specific enthalpies at the respective inlet and outlet conditions.i.e., Q = m_s (h_s,in - h_s,out) = m_c (h_c,out - h_c,in).

Where h_s,in = specific enthalpy of steam at inlet condition

h_s,out = specific enthalpy of steam at outlet condition

h_c,in = specific enthalpy of cooling water at inlet condition

h_c,out = specific enthalpy of cooling water at outlet condition

From steam tables, we can calculate the specific enthalpy of steam at the inlet condition. Since there is no pressure or temperature information given for the steam at the inlet, we will assume that it is at saturated state. At saturated state, the specific enthalpy of steam is 2676.2 kJ/kg (approx).

The specific enthalpy of cooling water at the inlet and outlet conditions can be calculated using the inlet and outlet temperatures and the specific heat of cooling water.

We have already calculated the specific heat of cooling water as c_c = 4.186 kJ/kgK,

so we can evaluate the specific enthalpies.

h_c,in = c_c T_c1 = 4.186 × 18 kJ/kg = 75.348 kJ/kg

h_c,out = c_c T_c2 = 4.186 × 27 kJ/kg = 113.682 kJ/kg

Substituting the values,

we get:

Q = m_s (2734.9 - 2676.2)kJ/kg = m_c (113.682 - 75.348)kJ/kg

   = 1.495 (2734.9 - 2676.2) = 101 (113.682 - 75.348)m_c = 4.269 kg/s

Therefore, the heat transfer between the steam and the cooling water is 4.269 × 38.334 = 164.12 MW.

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parallel circuits???

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A parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. Voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit. The sum of the currents through each path is equal to the total current that flows from the source.

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