The specific heat of a substance is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of:.

When a molecule lacks polar bonds, there is no permanent charge difference between parts of the molecule, and the molecule is nonpolar.

Because the electron charge on both atoms is identical, the Cl2 molecule has no polar bonds. As a result, it is a nonpolar molecule. Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecular substances because none of the bonds in hydrocarbon molecules, such as hexane, C6H14, are significantly polar.

The molecule is nonpolar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows are of equal length. The molecule is polar if the arrows are of different lengths and do not balance each other. The molecule is polar if the arrangement is asymmetrical.

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Answer:

3.2 micro gram

Explanation:

because

1kg=1000g

32×10^-10kg=?

=3.2×10^-6g

1g=10^-6micro gram

3.2×10^-6g=?

=3.2 micro gram.

where g- gram

kg- kilogram

The primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another is option a ) the side group.

The side group is  also known as the R-group. The R-group is a functional group that is attached to the central carbon atom, which is common to all amino acids. This central carbon atom is bonded to an amino group (\(NH_2\)), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a hydrogen atom.

The R-group is what gives each amino acid its unique chemical and physical properties. There are 20 different R-groups that can be found in naturally occurring amino acids, and they can vary in size, shape, and chemical properties. For example, the R-group of glycine is simply a hydrogen atom, while the R-group of phenylalanine is a large aromatic ring.

The properties of the R-group determine how an amino acid interacts with other molecules and how it behaves in different chemical environments. For example, the R-groups of polar amino acids are hydrophilic and interact with water molecules.

In summary, while all amino acids have the same basic structure, it is the variation in the R-group that gives each amino acid its unique identity and properties.The correct answer is  option a

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Answer:

Potassium bromide is a strong electrolyte as it can be entirely disassociated in aqueous solution. The problem with this question is that you can't really have an aqueous solution of calcium oxide, CaO, because this compound will react with water to form calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. Keep in mind that this reaction is highly exothermic!

Explanation:

Elements are held together (joined) by a chemical bond. These bonds differ with the property of the element. Metals usually bond by transfer of electrons whereas metalloids usually share electrons to make a bond.

The pOH of a solution with a hydroxide ion, [OH-], of 7.34 X 10-³ M is 11.87.

pH and pOH are measures of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pOH can be calculated from the pH using the following expression;

pOH + pH = 14

According to this question, a solution has a hydroxide ion, [OH-], of 7.34 X 10-³ M. The pH of a solution can be calculated as follows;

pH = - log {H}

pH = - log 0.00734

pH = 2.134

pOH = 14 - 2.134 = 11.87

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The entropy change δs° for the reaction

NH4Cl(s) → NH3(g) HCl(g)

will be negative. The statement is false.

The term ∆S refers to change in entropy. As entropy determines the measure of randomness. This refers that more randomly molecules of a substance are moving more will be its entropy.

If value of ΔS is negative then it refers that there is decease in entropy. When value of ΔS is positive then it refers that there is increase in entropy.

In solids, molecules are closer to each other. So, the entropy of solid is minimum. Liquids has more entropy than solids and gases has maximum entropy.

Now, in the chemical reaction

NH4Cl(s) → NH3(g) HCl(g)

1 moles converted into 2 moles. This means entropy increases. So there will be positive sign.

Thus, we concluded that the entropy change δs° for the reaction

NH4Cl(s) → NH3(g) HCl(g)

will be positive.

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The chemical condition that describes the electrons in a water molecule being shared unequally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms is called polar covalent bonding.

In polar covalent bonds, the electrons are unequally shared due to the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved. In the case of a water molecule, oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing the oxygen atom to attract the shared electrons more strongly.

As a result, the oxygen atom becomes slightly negatively charged while the hydrogen atoms become slightly positively charged. This polarity gives water its unique properties, such as its ability to form hydrogen bonds and its high surface tension.

In summary, that this describes the unequal sharing of electrons in a water molecule due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

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Answer:

I don't have how to do that in numerical figures

The amount of iron, in grams, that is needed to completely react with 878.0 g of  \(Cl_2\) would be 460.392 grams

Iron (III) chloride is produced by reacting iron with chlorine as follows:

\(Fe + Cl_2 --- > FeCl_3\)

The balanced equation of the reaction goes thus:

\(2Fe + 3Cl_2 --- > 2FeCl_3\)

The mole ratio of iron to chlorine is 2:3.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of \(Cl_2\) = 35.5 x 2

                             = 71 g/mol

Mole of 878.0 g  \(Cl_2\) = 878/71

                                 = 12.3662 moles

From the mole ratio, the equivalent mole of Fe from 12.3662 moles  \(Cl_2\) will be:

 12.3662 x 2/3 = 8.2441 moles

Mass of 8.2441 mole Fe = mole x molar mass

Molar mass of Fe = 55.845 g/mol

Mass of 8.2441 moles Fe = 8.2441 x 55.845

                                         = 460.392 grams

The numbers in the final multiplication operation have 5 significant figures each. Thus, the significant figure of the final answer will also be 5.

in other words, the amount of iron needed to completely react with 878.0 g of  \(Cl_2\) is 460.392 grams.

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Solution:-1

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto E=hv\)

Solution:-2

\(\boxed{\sf \lambda=\dfrac{c}{v}}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto v=\dfrac{c}{\lambda}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto v=\dfrac{3\times 10^8m/s}{3000\times 10^{-10}m}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto v=0.001\times 10^{18}s^{-1}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto v=1.0\times 10^{15}s^{-1}\)

Now

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto E=hv\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto E=6.626\times 10^{-34}Js\times 1.0\times 10^{15}s^{-1}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto E=6.6\times 10^{-19}J\)

The description of Actinobacteria as chemoorganoheterotrophs that break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material without using oxygen to breathe corresponds to the process of decomposition in the carbon cycle.

Actinobacteria are a group of bacteria that are chemoorganoheterotrophs, meaning they obtain energy by breaking down organic material. In the context of the carbon cycle, these bacteria play a significant role in the process of decomposition.

Decomposition is the breakdown of organic matter into simpler inorganic compounds. When Actinobacteria and other decomposers break down organic material, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) and other inorganic materials into the environment.

This process converts the complex organic compounds found in dead plants, animals, and other organic matter into inorganic forms, returning them to the atmosphere or soil.

By converting organic material to inorganic material, Actinobacteria contribute to the cycling of carbon in the ecosystem. The released carbon dioxide can be utilized by plants through photosynthesis, completing the carbon cycle.

Therefore, the description of Actinobacteria as chemoorganoheterotrophs that break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material without using oxygen to breathe corresponds to the process of decomposition in the carbon cycle.

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Answer:

A substance with a high activation energy is expected to have a slow reaction rate.

Since we know that the activation energy of a particular reaction determines the rate at which it will proceed. The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be.

Hence, a substance with a high activation energy is expected to have a slow reaction rate.

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Answer:

Alpha is the most harmful, Gamma is the least harmful.

Explanation:

From skimming over your answer I have noticed this mistake. You are correct in saying alpha is the least penetrating but incorrect in saying alpha is the least ionising. Same for Gamma.

Answer:

0

General Formulas and Concepts:

Chemistry - Atomic Structure

Explanation:

Step 1: Define

6 Protons

6 Neutrons

6 Electrons

Step 2: Determine charges

6 Protons = + 6 charge

6 Neutrons = 0 charge

6 Electrons = - 6 charge

Step 3: Determine overall charge

+6 + 0 + -6 = 0

The equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25 °C is 1.3602 . The  reaction at body temperature (37.0 °C) if the concentration of A is 1.6 M and the concentration of B is 0.50 M is - 87.287 kJ / mole.

Equilibrium constant is defined as a number that illustrates the relationship between the quantities of reactants and products in an equilibrium chemical reaction at a specific temperature.

ΔG° = - 9.660 kJ / mole = 9.660 x 10 ³ J / mole

T = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K

ΔG° = - RT ln K

ln K = -ΔG° / RT

ln K = - ( - 9.660 x 10 ³ J / mole ) / 8.314 J / k . mole X 298.15 K

ln K = 3.8970

K = 1.3602

T = 37 + 298.15 = 310.15 K

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q

Where Q = 0.55 / 1.6 = 0.34375

ΔG = -9.660 X 10³ + [ 8.314 x 310.15 x ln ( 0.34375 )]

ΔG = - 87287.34 J / mole

ΔG = - 87.287 kJ / mole

Thus, the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25 °C is 1.3602 . The  reaction at body temperature (37.0 °C) if the concentration of A is 1.6 M and the concentration of B is 0.50 M is - 87.287 kJ / mole.

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Answer:

Anemometer. An anemometer is a type of weather instrument that measures wind speed.

0.0112 moles of potassium ions are present in the solution.

We have,

The volume of solution, V = 56.0 mL = 0.056 L

The concentration of KCl, c = 0.200 m

The molar mass of KCl, M = 74.55 g/mole

We will calculate the mass of KCl required to make the given solution of 56.0 mL of a 0.200 M KCl solution using the below formula;

Mass = Concentration × Volume × Molar mass

= 0.200 × 0.056 × 74.55

= 0.838 g

The mass of KCl required to make the 56.0 mL of a 0.200 M KCl solution is 0.838 g.

To calculate the number of moles of potassium ions in the solution, we need to calculate the moles of KCl and multiply it with the stoichiometric factor of K⁺.

We can calculate the moles of KCl using the below formula;

Moles = Concentration × Volume

= 0.200 × 0.056

= 0.0112 moles

Now, the stoichiometric factor of K⁺ in KCl is 1.

Hence the number of moles of K⁺ is the same as the number of moles of KCl.

Therefore, 0.0112 moles of potassium ions are there in the solution.

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Answer:

The answer is

\(2.86 \times {10}^{ - 19} \: J\)

Explanation:

The energy of a quantum of light can be found by using the formula

where

E is the energy

f is the frequency

h is the Planck's constant which is

6.626 × 10-³⁴ Js

From the question

f = 4.31 × 10¹⁴ Hz

We have

E = 4.31 × 10¹⁴ × 6.626 × 10-³⁴

We have the final answer as

\(2.86 \times {10}^{ - 19} \: J\)

Hope this helps you

The greatest positive enthalpy change has PCl₅(g) → P(g) + 5Cl(g)

An enthalpy change is difference between the enthalpy after the chemical reaction has completed.

An enthalpy change of phosphorus(V) chloride (PCl₅) molecule is energy needed for breaking up one molecule of phosphorus(V) chloride into one phosphorus and five chlorine atoms.

In a chemical reaction, chemical bonds are forming and breaking and this cause the transformation of one group of chemical substances to another.

Energy is needed to break chemical bonds in molecules (positive enthalpy change), while during formation of molecule, energy is released (negative enthalpy change)

The stronger are the bonds, more energy is needed and enthalpy change is more positive.

PCl₅ has more bonds to break than PCl₃.

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The question asks for the calculation of the reaction rate of the chemical reaction of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) given the initial concentration of 0.0386 mol/L and the time of 15 seconds to complete the reaction. The reaction involves the formation of CH3Cl from CH3OH and HCl. Using the stoichiometry of the reaction and the concentration change of CH3OH over time, the reaction rate is calculated as -Δ[CH3OH]/Δt, which represents the rate of decrease in the concentration of CH3OH. The result is a rate of 0.0386 mol/L.s and a final concentration of CH3Cl of -0.5404 mol/L, which suggests that the reaction may not be feasible under the given conditions due to the lack of reactants and the formation of other products.

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Intumescent coatings are designed to provide fire protection for steel structures by forming a protective insulating layer when exposed to heat.

The effectiveness of intumescent coatings as an insulating material is primarily due to a combination of chemical reactions that occur during exposure to high temperatures. When intumescent coatings are subjected to heat, they undergo a complex reaction process involving different components within the coating.

The reaction process can be summarized as follows:

Dehydration: As the temperature rises, the coating starts to evaporate, losing water or other volatile substances.

Acid decomposition: When heated, the coating's acid source breaks down, producing gases that are acidic. In the presence of heat, these acid gases combine with the carbon source to create a carbonaceous char.

Carbonization and foaming: When acid gases combine with a carbon source to form carbonaceous char, the char expands and foams, forming a structure resembling froth.

Insulation: During the foaming process, a thermally insulating layer is created that serves as a barrier between the heat source and the steel structure it is protecting.

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Answer:

\(\huge\boxed{\sf V_2 = 5.68 \ L}\)

Explanation:

Volume 1 = \(V_1\) = 3.95 L

Temperature 1 = \(T_1\) = -45 °C + 273 =  228 K

Temperature 2 = \(T_2\) = 55 °C + 273 = 328 K

Volume 2 = \(V_2\) = ?

\(\displaystyle \frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}\) (Charles law)

Put the given data in the formula.

\(\displaystyle \frac{3.95}{228} = \frac{V_2}{328} \\\\Cross \ Multiply\\\\3.95 \times 328 = V_2 \times 228\\\\1295.6 = V_2 \times 228\\\\Divide \ both \ sides \ by \ 228\\\\1296.5/228 = V_2\\\\5.68 \ L = V_2\\\\V_2 = 5.68 \ L\\\\\rule[225]{225}{2}\)

Answer:

4

Explanation:

Speed=Distance/time, so 20/5 divide time divided by distance. so the answer is 4.

The speed of Haley the hummingbird is 4 m/s.

From the question,

We are to calculate the speed of Haley the hummingbird

Speed is given by the formula

\(Speed =\frac{Distance\ traveled}{Time\ taken}\)

From the given information,

The hummingbird can fly from a pansy flower to a hibiscus flower 20 meters away in 5 seconds.

That is,

The bird can cover a distance of 20 meters in 5 seconds.

Therefore,

Speed of the hummingbird = \(\frac{20}{5}\)

Speed of the hummingbird = 4 m/s

Hence, the speed of Haley the hummingbird is 4 m/s.

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Cell potential is 0.204 and it is 0.315 when half cell potential is 0.258. To calculate the cell potential (E) for the half-reaction of a silver-silver chloride reference electrode, we can use the Nernst equation:

E = E° - (RT / nF) * ln(a)

Where:

E = Cell potential

E° = Standard electrode potential

R = Gas constant (8.314 J/(mol*K))

T = Temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298 K)

n = Number of moles of electrons transferred in the half-reaction (for Ag/AgCl, it is 1)

F = Faraday's constant (96485 C/mol)

ln = Natural logarithm

a = Activity of Cl-

Given:

E° = 0.222 V

a = 1.94

Substituting the values into the equation:

E = 0.222 V - ((8.314 J/(mol*K)) * 298 K / (1 * 96485 C/mol) * ln(1.94)

Calculating this expression gives us:

E ≈ 0.222 V - (0.0257 V) * ln(1.94)

E ≈ 0.222 V - (0.0257 V) * 0.663

E ≈ 0.222 V - 0.017 V

E ≈ 0.205 V

Therefore, the cell potential for the half-reaction of the silver-silver chloride reference electrode with a Cl- activity of 1.94 is approximately 0.205 V.

To determine the activity of Cl- when the half-cell potential (E) is 0.258 V, we rearrange the Nernst equation:

E = E° - (RT / nF) * ln(a)

Rearranging for a:

a = e^((E° - E) * (nF / RT))

Given:

E = 0.258 V

E° = 0.222 V

Substituting the values and solving the equation:

a = e^((0.222 V - 0.258 V) * (1 * 96485 C/mol) / (8.314 J/(mol*K) * 298 K))

a ≈ e^(-0.036 V * 32226.42)

a ≈ e^(-1158.356 V)

a ≈ 0.315

Therefore, the activity of Cl- when the half-cell potential is 0.258 V is approximately 0.315.

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When a reaction is in equilibrium, and the product is removed, the equilibrium shifts to the right, towards the product.

Equilibrium is a stage, when there is no change in the mass and energy of the reaction.

When more reactant added in the equilibrium stage, the equilibrium shifts toward the left, and when product added the equilibrium shifts towards the right, product.

Thus, When a reaction is in equilibrium, and the product is removed, the equilibrium shifts to the right, towards the product.

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Bar graph is the best type of graph to use if you are trying to compare quantities for four separate options that are not related to the dependent or independent variables and that are not measured over time.

Bar graphs are the type of graph that can be used when the data measurement between different variable are not continuous or not measured over time.

The advantages of bar graphs include the following:

Therefore, Bar graph is the best type of graph to use if you are trying to compare quantities for four separate options that are not related to the dependent or independent variables and that are not measured over time.

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Answer:

petroleum

Explanation:

usually found sedimentary rock.

definition: a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons that is present in certain rock strata and can be extracted and refined to produce fuels including gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil, oil

ClO3-: The chlorine atom carries a single negative charge.

ClO4-: The chlorine atom carries a single negative charge.

NO3-:The nitrogen atom does not carry any charge, and the molecule as a whole carries a single negative charge.

Certainly! Here are the drawings of the molecules you requested:

1. ClO3-

   O

    |

Cl - O

    |

   O [-

2. ClO4-

   O

    |

Cl - O

    |

   O

    |

   O [-

3. NO3-

   O

    ||

N - O

    |

   O [-

4. SO3

 O

 ||

S - O

 ||

 O

Please note that for SO3, it does not carry any charge (neutral molecule), as requested.

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Answer:

pH of 7 (neutral)

Explanation:

At end of titration or equivalence point (point where you have added equal molar amounts of acids and bases) , the pH is 7.0 because the solution only contains water and a salt (which is a main characteristic of acid and base titrations/reactions).

The reason we only have water and salt is because H+ from acids neutralize OH- molecules in the solution, making water (which is neutral) and the salt does not affect the pH.

Since at equivalence point nor H+ or OH- reigns supreme (that is both are at equal molarity/concentration) the pH is neutral. The pH would be acidic or basic depending on if H+ was high or low, but here H+ is equal with OH- thus pH is neutral.

The participants in the Panagbenga parade traveled a distance of 2 centimeters and had a displacement of approximately 1.41 centimeters from their initial position at Panagbenga Park to their final position.

The Panagbenga parade started at Panagbenga Park, which is located in South Drive, and began at 8:00 AM. The parade participants walked almost 1 kilometer from Panagbenga Park, and then turned 1 kilometer going to Melvin Jones Grandstand.

To compute the distance and displacement of the participants, we can use a scale of 1 kilometer to 1 centimeter.

Using this scale, we can represent the distance traveled by the participants as 2 centimeters, which is equivalent to 2 kilometers in real life. This is because the participants walked almost 1 kilometer from the park and then turned 1 kilometer going to the grandstand.

On the other hand, displacement refers to the change in position of an object from its initial position to its final position. In this case, the initial position of the participants is at Panagbenga Park, and their final position is at Melvin Jones Grandstand. The straight-line distance between these two points can be represented by a diagonal line.

Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can calculate the displacement of the participants as approximately 1.41 centimeters. This means that the displacement of the participants is shorter than the distance they traveled since the displacement is the shortest distance between their initial and final positions.

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