the radioactive element carbon-14 has a half-life of 5750 years. a scientist determined that the bones from a mastodon had lost % of their carbon-14. how old were the bones at the time they were discovered?
Answers
The bones are approximately 7539 years old.
Exponential Decay :A radioactive substance follows the model of exponential decay. This is the model that predicts the half-life of substances. It is given by the following exponential equation.
\(A = A_{0}e^{-kt}\)
Where
\(A_{0}\) is the initial amount present at the start,
t is the time, and
k is the constant that governs the rate of decay. Use this model to solve the age of the bones.
Evaluating the question :
When a radioactive substance reaches its half-life, half its original amount will be decayed away due to radiation. Using the exponential decay model,
\(A = A_{0} e^{-kt}\)
substitute \(A = \frac{1}{2} A_{0}\), and the half-life of the element to determine k completing the full model of the decay.
\(\frac{1}{2}A_{0} = A_{0} e^{- 5750k}\)
The first thing to do, is to divide both sides with \(A_{0}\)
\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}A_{0} }{A_{0} } = \frac{A_{0}e^{-kt} }{A_{0} } \\ \frac{1}{2} = e^{-5750k}\)
Now, take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation.
\(ln(\frac{1}{2}) = ln e^{-5750k}\)
\(ln(\frac{1}{2}) = -5750k\)
Divide both sides of the equation with −5750, then evaluate using a logarithm table or a calculator.
\(k = 1.2054734\)× \(10^{-4}\)
Now, that the constant is determined, this means the exponential decay of the radioactive substance is modeled by the following equation.
\(A = A_{0} e^{- 1.2054734 * 10^{-4} }\)
The bones that were found lost 59.7% of the carbon-14 originally present. Using symbols, this can be written as,
\(A = A_{0} - 59.7%\\\\A = A_{0} ( 1 - 0.597)\\\\A = 0.403A_{0}\)
This means that only 40.3 % of the radioactive substance remained. Substitute this to the mathematical model above, then solve for the time in years.
\(0.403A_{0} = A_{0} e^{-1.2054734 *10^{-4} }\)
Now, take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation.
\(ln0.403 = -1.2054734 *10^{-4} t\)
Now, solve for t by dividing both sides of the equation with −1.2054734 ×
\(10 ^{-4}\)
Evaluate using a logarithm table or a calculator.t = 7539.10 years
Therefore, the bones are approximately 7539 years old.
Half life of radioactive element :The half-life of a radioactive isotope is that the amount of time it takes for one-half of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half-life of a selected radioactive isotope is constant; it is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of that isotope
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Related Questions
Strong nuclear forces inside the atomic nucleus tend to ____ .
a. cause nuclear decay
b. hold the nucleus together
c. make the nucleus unstable
d. push the nucleus apart
Answers
Answer: a. cause nuclear decay
Explanation:
How is force and gravity work together with simple objects?
Answers
Force and gravity work together with simple objects exert an equal attractive force
Gravity or gravitational force is the force of attraction between any two objects in the universe and the force of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the square of the distance between them and it is by far the weakest known force in nature the size of the gravitational force is proportional to the masses of the objects and weakens as the distance between them increases and both objects exert an equal attractive force on each other and falling object is attracting the earth with the same size force as the earth is attracting it
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What did Neil Armstrong earn a master’s degree in from the University of Southern California?
Answers
Neil Armstrong earned a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1970.
He pursued this degree while working as a NASA astronaut His thesis was focused on the stability of a lunar landing vehicle during the final phase of descent.
In 1962, Armstrong joined NASA as a civilian test pilot and astronaut. He soon became part of the Gemini and Apollo space programs. During his tenure at NASA, he piloted the Gemini 8 mission in 1966. He also commanded the Apollo 11 mission in 1969, where he became the first person to set foot on the Moon.
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At what temperature will 24.6 g Cl2 (g) exert a pressure of 652 mmHg when confined in a 8.5 1 L container?
Answers
The temperature at which 24.6 g of chlorine gas, Cl₂ will exert a pressure of 652 mmHg when confined in a 8.5 1 L container is -16 °C
How do I determine the temperature?We'll begin by obtaining the number of mole of chlorine gas, Cl₂ in the container. Details below:
Mass of chlorine gas, Cl₂ = 24.6 gMolar mass of chlorine gas, Cl₂ = 2 × 35.5 = 71 g/molMole of of chlorine gas, Cl₂ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of of chlorine gas, Cl₂ = 24.6 / 71
Mole of of chlorine gas, Cl₂ = 0.346 mole
Finally, we shall determine the temperature. This is shown below:
Pressure (P) = 652 mmHg = 652 / 760 = 0.858 atmVolume (V) = 8.51 L Mole of of chlorine gas, Cl₂ (n) = 0.346 moleGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Temperature (T) =?PV = nRT
0.858 × 8.51 = 0.346 × 0.0821 × T
Divide both sides by (0.346 × 0.0821)
T = (0.858 × 8.51) / (0.346 × 0.0821)
T = 257 K
Subtract 273 to obtain answer in °C
T = 257 - 273
T = -16 °C
Thus, can conclude that the temperature is -16 °C
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what product would form in the grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with carbon dioxide?
Answers
The product would form in the grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with carbon dioxide:
\(C_6H_5MgBr\) + \(CO_2\) → \(C_6H_5COOMgBr\) (carboxylate intermediate)
\(C_6H_5COOMgBr\) + \(H_2O\) → \(C_6H_5COOH\) + \(MgBrOH\) (final product)
The reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (\(C_6H_5MgBr\)) with carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) forms benzoic acid (\(C_6H_5COOH\)). The reaction mechanism involves the nucleophilic addition of the carbanion formed by the Grignard reagent to the electrophilic carbon of carbon dioxide to form a carboxylate intermediate. The intermediate is then protonated by water to form the final product, benzoic acid. The reaction can be represented as:
\(C_6H_5MgBr\) + \(CO_2\) → \(C_6H_5COOMgBr\) (carboxylate intermediate)
\(C_6H_5COOMgBr\) + \(H_2O\) → \(C_6H_5COOH\) + \(MgBrOH\) (final product)
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What is the definition of threadlike filaments and tubules that crisscross the cytoplasm
Answers
Hope that helps!
what would be the symptoms for an air-cooled condenser where the air leaving the condenser is hitting a barrier and recirculating?
Answers
One thing that would be the symptoms for an air-cooled condenser where the air leaving the condenser is hitting a barrier and recirculating is: that there is less heat transfer from the refrigerant to the surrounding environment. Hence this will cause heat to accumulate in the condenser, making the cooling system inefficient.
What is a condenser?A condenser is a heat transfer used in heat transfer systems to cool a gaseous component and condense it into a liquid condition. The latent heat is released by the material and redistributed to the surrounding environment as a result.
The condenser's function is to accept high-pressure gas from the compressor and convert it to liquid. It does this by heat transfer or the notion that heat always moves from a warmer to a colder substance.
The condenser coil, evaporator, expansion valve, and compressor are the components. Each is critical to the overall performance of your unit.
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You have learnt about the digestive process in both
humans and ruminants. How would you justify the
changes of components of food in the process of
digestion?
Answers
Once chewed and swallowed, the food will be digested and absorbed nutrients, while the rest of the food will be excreted through the body's feces. This digestion process can take about 24-72 hours.
How is the digestive process in humans?The process of digestion of food in humans can be divided into two types, namely mechanical digestion and chemical (enzymatic) digestion. Mechanical digestion is the process of changing food from a large or coarse form to a smaller or finer form. The process takes place in the mouth with the help of teeth and tongue. The mechanical digestion process also occurs in the stomach with the help of peristaltic motion of the stomach wall, so that food is like being stirred. While the chemical digestion process is the process of converting food substances from complex forms into simpler forms with the help of digestive enzymes.
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Which of these prevents conduction from occurring?
A: Equal Masses
B: Different Masses
C: Equal Temperatures
D: Different Temperatures
I feel like it’s D, let me know if I’m wrong and give me the right answer.
Answers
Answer:
I think it's c
Explanation:
if they were different temperatures then there would be conduction because other thermal energy will conduct to the lower temperature to reach a equal librium
2 The name of CICH -CH-CH2OH is A. 1 Chloro propan-3-01 B. 3 chloro propan-1-01 C. 1-chloro propanol D. 3 chloro propanol
Answers
Answer:
3-chloro propan-1-ol
Explanation:
As long as you're writing IUPAC name of a compound, you must mark that the sequence of carbon atoms in the chain from alpha-carbon, which is the carbon right next to the -OH group in this case
Which of the following is not related to metallic bond?
A. Alloy
B. Shared electrons
C. Transferred electrons
D. Sea of electrons
Answers
Answer: B. Shared electrons
Explanation: Electrons are shared in covalent bonds. The other options are all properties of metallic bonds.
Stepping on a bag of potato chips would cause which type of change?
mechanical
thermal
physical
chemical
Answers
Answer:
I believe physical
Explanation:
If you step on the bag of chips, it would reduce them to crumbs. Wouldn't this be a physical change in the chips?
Answer:
physical change
Explanation:
when you step on a bag of chips they would be crushed so it would cause a physical change.
What Group is this element in?
Please answer （＾∇＾）
Answers
Can someone help me
Answers
Answer:the second largest one
Explanation:
both weels are pushing at it
how many atoms in volume of 30 ml H20
Answers
Answer: 3.012x10^24
Explanation:
1.004x10^23 atoms are in 1 mL of water.
multiply 1.004x10^23 by 30
A runner has a speed of 25m/s. they speed up to 30m/s. this happens in 5 seconds. if the runner has a mass of 75kg, with what force did the runner cross the finish line?
Answers
The force the runner crosses the finish line is 75 N.
A force is a power that could alternate the movement of an object. A force can purpose an item with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to boost up. pressure can also be defined intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has each magnitude and route, making it a vector amount.
The frenzy or pulls on an object with mass reasons it to change its velocity. force is an outside agent capable of changing a frame's country of rest or movement. It has a magnitude and a route.
A force is a push or pulls upon an item due to the object's interplay with another object. a few examples of force are Frictional pressure. tension force. regular pressure.
For acceleration:-
v = u + at
30 = 25 + a×5
a = 1 m/s²
Force = mass × acceleration
= 75 × 1
= 75 N
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suggest two gases in the air that will react with zinc to make zinc carbonate
Answers
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Zinc is a metal and as such can undergo corrosion when exposed to moisture.
Two gases in the atmosphere that can react with Zinc metal and covert it to Zinc carbonate are carbon dioxide and water vapour.
Zinc is oxidized to ZnO in the atmosphere by water vapour. This ZnO subsequently reacts with CO2 to yield ZnCO3.
YALL HELP ASAP
1) If big molecules can't get absorbed in the small intestine, why aren't there other big molecules besides fiber, like complex carbohydrates, coming out in the poop of healthy people?
2) What's happening to the other big molecules like complex carbohydrates? How can we explain why the amount of complex carbohydrates could be decreasing as food travels through the digestive system?
WHATS THE ANSWER TO THESE PLS HELPME
Answers
1) The reason why other big molecules, such as complex carbohydrates, don't usually come out in the feces of healthy people is because they are broken down into smaller, absorbable units during the digestive process.
If big molecules can't get absorbed in the small intestine, why aren't there other big molecules besides fiber, like complex carbohydrates, coming out in the poop of healthy people:
Complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose through the action of enzymes such as amylase, which is present in saliva and pancreatic secretions. These simple sugars can then be absorbed by the small intestine and used by the body for energy. In contrast, fiber cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes, so it remains undigested and is eliminated in the feces.
2) What's happening to the other big molecules like complex carbohydrates? How can we explain why the amount of complex carbohydrates could be decreasing as food travels through the digestive system?
As food travels through the digestive system, complex carbohydrates are gradually broken down into smaller, absorbable units. This process begins in the mouth with the action of salivary amylase, which starts breaking down the complex carbohydrates into smaller units. As the food continues to the stomach and then to the small intestine, more enzymes, like pancreatic amylase, are secreted to further break down the complex carbohydrates into simple sugars. These simple sugars are then absorbed by the small intestine and enter the bloodstream, where they can be used for energy or stored for later use. This is why the amount of complex carbohydrates decreases as food travels through the digestive system.
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Which of the following is an energy conservation practice?
Raise the temperature on a water heater.
Wash clothes in cold water instead of warm.
Run the washing machine with smaller loads.
Lower the thermostat's temperature in the summer.
Answers
Out of the options listed, washing clothes in cold water instead of warm is an energy conservation practice. Option C is correct.
Energy conservation refers to the practice of reducing the amount of energy used in daily activities while still achieving the desired results. This practice is essential in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating climate change, and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources.
This practice reduces the amount of energy required to heat water, which saves both energy and money. Heating water accounts for a significant amount of energy use in households, and by reducing the temperature, a significant amount of energy can be saved.
Raising the temperature on a water heater, on the other hand, is not an energy conservation practice. This action leads to increased energy consumption, as the water heater needs to work harder to maintain the desired temperature. It is recommended to keep the temperature of the water heater at 120°F to reduce energy consumption.
Running the washing machine with smaller loads can reduce water usage, but it may not necessarily reduce energy usage. Energy consumption is directly related to the amount of water used, the temperature of the water, and the duration of the washing cycle.
Lowering the thermostat's temperature in the summer can save energy if it leads to a reduction in air conditioning usage. However, if it leads to increased use of fans or other cooling equipment, it may not result in energy conservation.
In conclusion, washing clothes in cold water instead of warm is an energy conservation practice that households can adopt to reduce energy usage, save money, and contribute to environmental sustainability. Option C.
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Please Help ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
Using the drop down Menu
Proton : Possessing a Charge of +1. It is found in the Nucleus and has a Mass of "A"
Neutron; Possesses a charge of 0. It is situated in the Nucleus and Has a Mass of "B"
Electron: Has a charge of -1. Found in the Orbitals of the atom and has a mass of "C"
Proteco Oils Pressed Purity are a range of cold pressed oils ideal for cooking. The high quality oils are extracted from nuts, fruit and seeds. They are flavoursome and are naturally chemical and preservative free. Pressed Purity are one of the few oils on mainstream supermarket shelves which is 100% Australian. They offer a wider range variants than any other oil manufacturer in Australia. Proteco Oils’ state of the art refinery in Kingaroy, South East Queensland is uniquely equipped. With highly specialized equipment for complete oil processing on a large scale. Now, exporting into China and throughout Asia Pacific, this family owned company has grown with the help of Evolve Brand Design
Market Mostly females, 25-60+ years, with a contemporary cooking attitude. These consumers are health conscious, seeking natural and chemical free options for themselves and their family. The secondary target audience are men and women of all ages. This group consider themselves to be gourmet home chefs and are open to new tastes. Communication of the product concept was critical with the initial brand name development. Evolve Brand Design presented a range of concepts and the brand name ‘Pressed Purity’ was chosen. This concept was the winner as it implied the chemical free processing of the raw crops into edible oils. Likewise, the design for the brand is an analogy for pressing the oil from the fruit, nut or seeds using a vice. The Pressed Purity distinctive edge is threefold. Chemical free, 100% natural ingredients and genuinely Australian. Export opportunities have risen due to the third, very important, unique selling point (USP). In addition, they have a wide range of flavours with applications tailored to a range of food preparation methods. From flavourful salad dressing oils to baking and high heat applications like stir-frying and barbeques, Pressed Purity has a solution
Q.2.1 With the use of examples applicable to the case study, explain human resource forecasting. (10)
Q.2.2 Explain the concept of product differentiation in the context of Pressed Purity. (5)
Q.2.3 Recommend a work-study method for Proteco Oil’s refinery. (10)
Q.2.4 Identify and explain the criteria Proteco Oil used for market segmentation. (10)
Q.2.5 Identify the operational process used by Proteco Oil. Justify your choice. (10)
Answers
Q.2.1 With the use of examples applicable to the case study, explain human resource forecasting. Human resource forecasting refers to the process of estimating and planning for the future staffing needs of an organization.
Q.2.3 One work-study method that could be recommended for Proteco Oil's refinery is the method of time and motion study.
Q.2.1 It involves analyzing the current workforce, identifying future workforce requirements, and developing strategies to meet those needs. In the case of Proteco Oil's Pressed Purity, human resource forecasting would involve predicting the number and types of employees needed to support the company's growth and expansion.
For example, as Pressed Purity expands its export operations into China and throughout the Asia Pacific region, they would need to forecast the additional human resources required to manage international logistics, distribution, and marketing. This may include hiring employees with expertise in international trade, language skills, and knowledge of the target markets. Human resource forecasting would also consider the need for additional staff at the state-of-the-art refinery in Kingaroy to handle increased production and quality control.
Q.2.2 Product differentiation refers to the process of distinguishing a product from its competitors by highlighting unique features, benefits, or characteristics. In the context of Pressed Purity, product differentiation is evident in several aspects of their offerings.
One example of product differentiation is their focus on being 100% Australian. This sets them apart from other oil manufacturers in Australia who may rely on imported ingredients. By promoting their Australian origin, Pressed Purity appeals to consumers who prioritize supporting local businesses and value the quality associated with Australian products.
Additionally, Pressed Purity emphasizes being chemical and preservative-free. This addresses the growing consumer demand for natural and healthier food options. By positioning their oils as naturally chemical-free, Pressed Purity differentiates themselves from competitors who may not have such a strong emphasis on natural and chemical-free products.
Q.2.3 One work-study method that could be recommended for Proteco Oil's refinery is the method of time and motion study. Time and motion study involves analyzing and improving work processes by observing and measuring the time required to complete specific tasks or activities.
In the context of the refinery, a time and motion study could be conducted to identify any inefficiencies or bottlenecks in the oil processing operations. This could involve observing workers as they perform tasks and measuring the time taken for each step of the process. By analyzing the data collected, the refinery management can identify areas where time can be saved, processes can be streamlined, and productivity can be improved.
For example, the time and motion study may reveal that certain equipment or machinery in the refinery is causing delays or requiring excessive manual labor. Based on these findings, the management can make informed decisions on investing in more efficient equipment or implementing process improvements to optimize productivity and reduce costs.
Q.2.4 Proteco Oil used the following criteria for market segmentation:
Demographic segmentation: The primary target audience for Pressed Purity is mostly females, aged 25-60+ years, with a contemporary cooking attitude. These consumers are health-conscious and seek natural and chemical-free options for themselves and their families. The secondary target audience includes men and women of all ages who consider themselves gourmet home chefs and are open to new tastes.
Psychographic segmentation: Pressed Purity targets consumers who prioritize natural and chemical-free products. By emphasizing the use of 100% natural ingredients and being genuinely Australian, Pressed Purity appeals to health-conscious consumers who value the quality and authenticity of the products they consume. They also cater to gourmet home chefs who are looking for unique and flavorful cooking options.
Geographic segmentation: Initially, Proteco Oil focused on the domestic market in Australia.
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The atomic mass of an element in equal to?
Answers
Answer:
the sum mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up the atom
Explanation:
Calculate the mass of carbon and the mass of hydrogen in 82.0 g of propane.
Answers
Mass of the carbon is 7.44 g while the mass of the hydrogen is 0.4 g.
What is the mass of the carbon?We have to know that we can be able to obtain the masses of each of the atoms that can be found in the molecule that is called propane. You have to note that propane is a hydrocarbon and this means that the only two atoms there are carbon and hydrogen.
We then have;
Number of moles of the propane = mass/molar mass = 82.0 g/44 g/mol
= 1.86 moles
Number of moles of the carbon = 1.86 moles/3 = 0.62 moles
Mass of carbon = 0.62 mol * 12 g/mol = 7.44 g
Number of moles of hydrogen = 1.62/8 = 0.2 moles
Mass of the hydrogen = 0.2 moles * 2 g/mol = 0.4 g
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What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
Answers
Answer: A. pH + pOH = 14
Explanation:
I got it right on the test. Hope this helps!! :)
which has more protons iodine or silver
Answers
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
I =53 protons
Ag = 47 protons From periodic table (atomic numbers)
Identify each category of substance as soluble or insoluble in water.Most carbonate and phosphate salts blankMost halide (Br-, Cl-, and I-) salts blankMost silver salts blanksalts of group 1 elements blankMost nitrate salts blank
Answers
The majority of carbonate and phosphate salts are water insoluble. The majority of halide salts (Br-, Cl-, and I-) are water soluble. The majority of silver salts are water insoluble. Group 1 element salts are water soluble. The majority of nitrate salts are water soluble.
Why is CO3 called carbonate?Carbonate is the term given to the material with the chemical formula CO3. Carbonate has an electric charge of 2 and is composed of 1 carbon atom and 3 oxygen atoms. Due to its negative charge, carbonate contains 2 more electrons than protons in each of its individual ions. The organic molecule with the carbonate group C(O-)2, known as a carbonate ester, may also be referred to as a carbonate.
Is carbonate a base or acid?A moderately powerful base is carbonates. Since the carbonate anion can take an ion of hydrogen from water, aqueous solutions are basic. CO32 + H2O -> HCO3 + OH Gaseous carbon dioxide, water, and metal salts are created when carbonates and acids interact. Infusing carbon dioxide gas under pressure into water results in carbonated water. This creates sparkling water, club soda, soda water, seltzer water, and fizzy water, which are all terms for the frothy beverage that is the result. Unless it's seltzer water, salt is typically added to carbonated fluids to enhance flavor.
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How many bromide ions are there in 2.00g of MgBr2?
Answers
There are 1.31 x 1022 bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\).
The chemical formula of magnesium bromide (\(MgBr_2\)) contains one magnesium ion (\(Mg2^+\)) and two bromide ions (Br-). To find the number of bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\), we need to use the molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) to determine the number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) present in 2.00 g of the compound, then use the stoichiometry of the chemical formula to determine the number of bromide ions present. First, we need to calculate the molar mass of \(MgBr_2\). The molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) is equal to the sum of the atomic masses of magnesium (Mg) and two bromine (Br) atoms. The atomic mass of Mg is 24.31 g/mol, and the atomic mass of Br is 79.90 g/mol. Molar mass of \(MgBr_2\) = 24.31 g/mol + (2 x 79.90 g/mol) = 184.11 g/mol Next, we can use the molar mass to determine the number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) present in 2.00 g of the compound: Number of moles of \(MgBr_2\) = mass of \(MgBr_2\) / molar mass of \(MgBr_2\)= 2.00 g / 184.11 g/mol
= 0.0109 mol Finally, we can use the stoichiometry of the chemical formula to determine the number of bromide ions present: Number of bromide ions = 2 x number of moles of \(MgBr_2\)
= 2 x 0.0109 mol
= 0.0218 mol Therefore, there are 0.0218 moles of bromide ions in 2.00 g of \(MgBr_2\). To convert this to the number of bromide ions, we can multiply by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 1023): Number of bromide ions = 0.0218 mol x 6.02 x 1023 ions/mol = 1.31 x 1022 ions
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when a scientist uses many specific observations to construct a general scientific principle, the scientist is using reasoning.true or false
Answers
The statement is true, because when a scientist uses many specific observations to construct a general scientific principle, the scientist is using reasoning.
This is an example of inductive reasoning, which is a form of logical thinking that uses specific observations to create general principles.
The importance of scientists lies in their ability to develop testable explanations and predictions about the universe based on scientific evidence.
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mass of hydrogen requirement of a fuel cell in running a 30 a current gadget for 30 hour is [molar mass of hydrogen=2.01; n=2.0 and f=96500]
Answers
The mass of hydrogen required for a fuel cell to run a 30 A current gadget for 30 hours is 0.594 g.
To calculate the mass of hydrogen required for a fuel cell to run a 30 A current gadget for 30 hours, we need to use the following formula:
Mass of hydrogen = (Current x Time x n x Molar mass of hydrogen) / (2 x f)
Here, Current = 30 A, Time = 30 hours, n = 2.0 (since each hydrogen molecule produces two electrons), Molar mass of hydrogen = 2.01 g/mol, and f = 96500 C/mol (Faraday's constant).
Substituting these values in the formula, we get:
Mass of hydrogen = (30 x 30 x 2 x 2.01) / (2 x 96500)
= 0.594 g
Therefore, the mass of hydrogen required for a fuel cell to run a 30 A current gadget for 30 hours is 0.594 g.
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The graph represents the change in that occurs when food is cooked over a charcoal grill. Which statement correctly explains the graph?A. The reactants are unlit charcoal that has already released its energy, and the products are charcoal that has already burned.B. The reactants are charcoal that has already burned and released its energy, and the products are unlit charcoal.C. The reactants are unlit charcoal, and the products are charcoal that has already burned and released its energy.D. The reactants are charcoal that has already burned, and the products are unlit charcoal that has already released its energy.
Answers
The answer is C.
The reactants are charcoal that is unlit + oxygen and the products are the burnt charcoal + energy.
\(C_xH_y+O_{2\text{ }}\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O\text{ + heat}\)So for every combustion reaction like this one, CxHy is the wood. So before you light the wood, it is actally a reactant together with oxygen, because without oxygen the wood will not burn. So under the influence of heat, wood produces substances like carbon dioxide and heat, the moment you see wood burning it it already producing products, CO2 and heat (which is the fire). This is a combustion reaction.
Combustion reaction is exothermic because it releases energy.