The genome map with details for gene 4 on chromosome 6 _____.
is very complicated, medically important, and cannot be sharedlike the rest of the genome, is still not complete and has not yet been publisheddue to criminal fraud, must be kept secret from both the general public and scientistshas been made available to both the scientific and private communities of the worldAnswer :The genome map with details for gene 4 on chromosome 6 has been made available to both the scientific and private communities of the world.
So, correct option is 4th one.
The genome map with details for gene 4 on chromosome 6 has been made available to both the scientific and private communities of the world. Therefore, option D is correct.
What traits are found on chromosome 6?More than 120 major human diseases are functionally associated with Chromosome 6, including cancer, heart disease, infectious, immune, and inflammatory disorders, and mental illnesses.
The HLA region, also known as the MHC region in humans, is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and encodes antigens involved in immunological processes.
The primary function of chromosomes is to transport genetic material from one generation to the next. Chromosomes play an important role in the processes of growth, reproduction, repair, and regeneration, all of which are necessary for survival.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Gold forms a substitutional solid solution with silver. Compute the number of gold atoms per cubic centimeter for a silver-gold alloy that contains 10 wt% Au and 90 wt% Ag. The densities of pure gold and silver are 19.32 and 10.49 g/cm3, respectively. Weight of Au is 196.97 g/mol.
Answer:
See answer below
Explanation:
In order to do this, we need to use the following expression:
N'Au = C'Au * NAu (1)
Where:
N'Au: number of gold atoms per cubic centimeter.
C'Au = Atomic percentage of the Gold in the gold silver alloy.
NAu = Number of gold atoms
However, we do not have C'Au and neither NAu. We need to calculate those first.
To get the percentage of the gold we use the following expression:
C'Au = (CAu * MMAg) / (CAu * MMAg + CAg * MMAu) (2)
Where:
CAu and CAg: Weight percentage of the gold and the silve
MMAu and MMag: Atomic weights of the gold and the silver
We already have that data, so, replacing all the given data into (2) we have:
C'Au = (0.10 * 107.87) / (0.10 * 107.87 + 0.90 * 196.97)
C'Au = 10.787 / 188.06
C'Au = 0.0574 (or 5.74%)
We have C'Au, now we need to find the number of atoms of gold in the gold silver alloy. In order to do that, we use the following expression:
NAu = N * ρ / MMAu (3)
N is the avogadro's number which is 6.02x10²³ atoms. So replacing this value, the density and molecular weight of gold, the atoms are:
NAu = 6.02x10²³ * 19.32 / 196.97
NAu = 5.9x10²² atoms/cm³
Now that we have all the required data from (1), we just need to replace the obtained values:
N'Au = 5.9x10²² * 0.0574
N'Au = 3.39x10²¹ atoms/cm³
Hope this helps
If you have 25 moles of water, H2O, how many molecules of water do you have?
Answer:
The number of molecules of water us 1.50× 10²⁵ molecules
Explanation:
From N=nL
where L =avogadro number ( 6.02× 10^²³ entities)
The number of the molecules of water =1
n (amount of substance)=25 moles
hence (N) = 25×1×6.02×10^²³
=1.50×10²⁵ molecules of H2O
The pressure of a gas is 100.0 kPa and its volume is 500.0 mL. If the volume increases to 1,000.0 mL, what is the new pressure of the gas?
Answer:
\(P_2=50kPa\)
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we can apply the Boyle's law in order to understand the pressure-volume relationship as an inversely proportional relationship relating the initial and the final volume:
\(P_1V_1=P_2V_2\)
Next, we compute the final pressure P2:
\(P_2=\frac{P_1V_1}{V_2}=\frac{100.00kPa*500.0mL}{1000.0mL} \\\\P_2=50kPa\)
Thus we validate, the higher the volume the lower the pressure.
Best regards.
2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s) - 1200 kJ
What is the amount of energy in kcal produced when 6.5g O2 is consumed in the production of magnesium oxide?
The amount of energy in kcal produced when 6.5g of O₂ is consumed in the production of magnesium oxide, MgO is –58.26 Kcal
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
2Mg(s) + O₂(g) → 2MgO(s) ΔH = –1200 kJ
Molar mass of O₂ = 2 × 16 = 32g/mol
Mass of O₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 32 = 32 g
From the balanced equation above,
32 g of O₂ reacted to produce –1200 KJ.
Next, we shall determine the energy produced by the reaction of 6.5 g of O₂. This can be obtained as follow:From the balanced equation above,
32 g of O₂ reacted to produce –1200 KJ
Therefore,
6.5 g of O₂ will react to produce = (6.5 × –1200) /32 = –243.75 KJ
Finally, we shall convert –243.75 KJ to Kcal.4.184 KJ = 1 Kcal
Therefore,
–243.75 KJ = –243.75 / 4.184
–243.75 KJ = –58.26 KcalThus, the amount of energy in kcal produced when 6.5 g of O₂ reacts is –58.26 Kcal
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bonding in metallic solids
-metallic solids have metal atoms in face-centered or body-centered arrangements
-coordination number for each atom is either 8 or 12
-problem: the bonding is too strong for London Dispersion forces and there are not enough electrons for covalent bonds
-resolution: the metal nuclei float in a sea of electrons
-metals conduct because the electrons are delocalized and are mobile
The above statement is correct that metallic solids typically have metal atoms arranged in a face-centered or body-centered arrangement, and that the coordination number (number of nearest neighbors) for each atom is usually either 8 or 12.
What is the bonding about?The metallic bond is a type of chemical bond that is formed between metal atoms in a metallic solid. It is characterized by the presence of a sea of delocalized electrons that surrounds the positively charged metal ions.
One of the key features of the metallic bond is that it is relatively weak compared to other types of chemical bonds, such as covalent or ionic bonds. This is because the metallic bond is primarily a Coulombic interaction between the positively charged metal ions and the negatively charged electrons, rather than a shared pair of electrons as in a covalent bond.
As a result, metals tend to have low melting and boiling points and are generally soft and malleable. The metallic bond is an important concept in chemistry and materials science, and it is responsible for the unique properties of metallic solids.
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See full question below
How true is the statement
bonding in metallic solids
-metallic solids have metal atoms in face-centered or body-centered arrangements
-coordination number for each atom is either 8 or 12
-problem: the bonding is too strong for London Dispersion forces and there are not enough electrons for covalent bonds
-resolution: the metal nuclei float in a sea of electrons
-metals conduct because the electrons are delocalized and are mobile
The wavelength and speed of a wave can be influenced by many factors. Adjust the amplitude and frequency as described in the table below. Then complete the chart to report whenever this causes the wavelength or wave height to increase or decrease. Also tell what effect the change will have on how the wave sounds. Return each variable to its original value after each experiment
The speed of the sound would increase as the wave speed increase.
What is the effect of the wavelength on the speed of sound?
We have to know that the speed of the sound is dependent on the wavelength and the relationship is a direct relationship if the frequency of the sound has been kept as a constant.
We can now be able to write that;
v = λf
v = wave speed
f = frequency
λ = wavelength
Now we can see that is we increase the wavelength of the sound then the wave speed of the sound would also increase .
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when a substance goes under evaporation does energy increase or decrease 
Answer:
it decreases and lowers the average energy of the remaining liquid molecules
_________ is when humans choose the traits of an organism.
Your answer should be -selective breeding
\(hope that helps\)
explain why hydrogen chloride does not conduct electricity, but a solution of hydrogen chloride and water conduct electricity
what is the percent by mass of chlorine in potassium chloride
Answer: Originally Answered: A sample of 0.892g of potassium chloride is dissolved in 54.6g of a water. What is the percent by mass of the potassium chloride in this solution?
Well, take the quotient…
0.892∙g0.892∙g+54.60∙g×100% percentage by mass potassium chloride
≈2%
Explanation:
The irreversible isomerization A
B was carried out in a batch reactor and the following concentration time data were obtained:
Time vs Concentration data in a Batch reactor
t 0 3 5 8 10 12 15 7.5
mol/h 4 2.89 2.25 1.45 1.0 0.65 0.25 0.07
Determine the reaction order,
, and the specific reaction a rate constant, k, using any method of your choice.
The reaction order and specific reaction rate constant can be determined by performing the kinetics experiment on irreversible polymerization A. Kinetic experiments can be used to investigate the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions' speed and pathway.
The term "kinetics" refers to the study of reaction rates, which are determined by measuring the concentration of reactants and products as a function of time.Kinetics experiments can be used to determine the reaction rate and order of reaction. A chemical reaction's rate is defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. The order of a reaction refers to the number of molecules that must react to produce a product. The order of reaction can be determined by measuring the initial rate of the reaction as a function of concentration.Methods for determining the reaction rate order include the initial rate method, the half-life method, and the integrated rate method. The initial rate method determines the reaction order by measuring the initial rate of the reaction at different reactant concentrations. The half-life method determines the reaction order by measuring the time it takes for the reactant concentration to decrease by half.The integrated rate method determines the reaction order by measuring the concentration of the reactant or product at different times.The specific rate constant can be determined by using the Arrhenius equation, which relates the rate constant to the activation energy, temperature, and frequency factor. The frequency factor can be determined by measuring the rate constant at different temperatures.For such more question on polymerization
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which of the following correctly lists nonmetals that exist under ordinary conditions as diatomic molecules? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following correctly lists nonmetals that exist under ordinary conditions as diatomic molecules? cl, n, p, o h, n, cl, ge cl, br, f, o i, kr, br, h
Cl, Br, F and O are the list of nonmetals that exists under ordinary conditions as diatomic molecules.
The Periodic table arranged in the increasing order of the atomic number. An atomic number is defined by the number of protons present in the nucleus of an element's atom. This arrangement is in rows called periods and columns called groups or families. Elements in the same row have an equal number of shells or energy levels while those under the same group share similar properties. The metallic elements of the periodic table are found on the left side while the nonmetallic elements are found on the right side. Dividing them are elements called metalloids which have the properties of both metals and nonmetals.
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Consider the reaction below.
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) --> H2O (l) + NaCl (aq) Δ = -55.8 kJ
Calculate the final temperature (in oC) when 25.0 mL of 5.42 M HCl are mixed with 25.0 mL of 4.32 M NaOH, if each solution starts at 25.0 oC.
Ignore the heat absorbed by the calorimeter, and assume the solution has the same specific heat capacity and density as pure water.
The final temperature (in °C) when 25.0 mL of 5.42 M HCl are mixed with 25.0 mL of 4.32 M NaOH, if each solution starts at 25.0 °C is 28 °C.
The reaction is given as :
HCl + NaOH -----> H₂O + NaCl
moles of HCl = 5.42 × 0.025
= 0.135 mol
moles of NaOH = 4.32 × 0.025
= 0.108 mol
moles of reaction = 0.108 mol
specific heat capacity is given as:
Q = mc ΔT
Q = 0.108 × (- 55.8) = - 6.026 kJ = 602.6 J
total volume = 25 ml + 25 ml = 50 ml
mass = density × volume
= 1.04 × 50 = 52 g
now, Q = mc ΔT
602.6 = 52 × 3.93 × ( T - 25)
The final temperature T = 28 °C
Thus, The final temperature (in °C) when 25.0 mL of 5.42 M HCl are mixed with 25.0 mL of 4.32 M NaOH, if each solution starts at 25.0 °C is 28 °C.
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9. Determine the percent compositions for each of the following compounds - letter Aa. Ba(OH)2 b. copper (I) oxide C. Fe(C2H3O2)3 d. iron (III) nitrate hexahydrate (*see notes on backside to help with the hexahydrate part)
Answer: the percent composition of Ba(OH)2 is: 80.15% Ba, 18.67% O and 1.176% H
Explanation:
The question requires us to determine the percent composition of Ba(OH)2.
The percent composition of a compound describes the amount of each element in the molecule in terms of mass percentage. We can determine the percentage composition using the molar mass of the compound and the molar masses of each element, considering the amount of atoms of these elements in the compound.
1) Determining the molar mass of the compound
The atomic masses of Ba, O and H are as it follows:
atomic mass Ba = 137.3 u
atomic mass O = 15.99 u
atomic mass H = 1.007 u
To calculate the molar mass of Ba(OH)2, we'll need to consider the amount of each element in the molecule and the atomic mass of the elements:
\(molar\text{ mass \lparen Ba\lparen OH}\rparen_2)=(1\times137.3)+(2\times15.99)+(2\times1.007)=171.3g/mol\)Therefore, the molar mass of Ba(OH)2 is 171.3 g/mol.
2) Determining the percent composition
We can determine the percent composition of each element in the compound using the following equation:
\(\%X=\frac{(number\text{ of atoms of X\rparen}\times(molar\text{ mass of X\rparen}}{(molar\text{ mass of compound\rparen}}\times100\%\)where X is a generic element.
Thus, considering the molar mass calculated and the atomic masses listed previously, we can calculate the percent composition of Ba, O and H in the molecule Ba(OH)2 as:
\(\begin{gathered} \%Ba=\frac{(1)\times(137.3g/mol)}{(171.3g/mol)}\times100\%=80.15\% \\ \%O=\frac{(2)\times(15.99g/mol)}{(171.3g/mol)}\times100\%=18.67\% \\ \%H=\frac{(2)\times(1.007g/mol)}{(171.3g/mol)}\times100\%=1.176\% \end{gathered}\)(note that the atomic mass, in u or amu, is numerically equal to the molar mass of the element, in g/mol).
Therefore, the percent composition of Ba(OH)2 is: 80.15% Ba, 18.67% O and 1.176% H.
Write and balance the following chemical equation
Barium chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide forming sodium chloride and barium hydroxide
Answer:
Balanced equation:
BaCl2 + 2NaOH -> Ba(OH)2 + 2NaCl
\(\qquad\qquad\huge\underline{{\sf Answer}}☂\)
Here's the required chemical equation for given reaction ~
\( \sf \: BaCl_2 + 2 \: NaOH \rightarrow 2 \: NaCl + Ba(OH)_2\)
1 mole of Barium chloride reacts with 2 moles of Sodium hydroxide to form 2 moles of Sodium Chloride and 1 mole of Barium hydroxide.
Note : There can be a reaction with some different values or moles, but the proportion should be same
Please answer the question in the photo below and number one also.
The gravitational waves, which are disturbances in space and time, may one day help scientists find extraterrestrial worlds outside the Milky Way.
What is space probe's orbit?
Special cameras and equipment can be carried by spacecraft all the way outside the solar system. While passing by them, certain space probes explore a variety of planets and moons.
Others enter orbit around with a moon or planet to more closely examine it. The gravitational waves, which are disturbances in space and time, may one day help scientists find extraterrestrial worlds outside the Milky Way.
Therefore, the gravitational waves, which are disturbances in space and time, may one day help scientists find extraterrestrial worlds outside the Milky Way.
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Consider a metal ion with the outer electron configuration of d4. In a coordination complex, the number of unpaired electrons in that metal ion depends on the orientation and type of ligands that surround it. Classify each description of a complex by the number of unpaired electrons in the d4 metal ion. Hint: read pages 1061 and 1062 in the 8th edition Silberberg book. 1. square planar strong field [Select] 2. octahedral weak field [Select] < 3. tetrahedral strong field [Select] 4. octahedral strong field [Select] 5. tetrahedral weak field [Select ] 6. square planar weak field [Select]
complexes can be classified based on number of unpaired electron as follows square planar strong field: 2 unpaired electrons, octahedral weak field: 4 unpaired electrons, tetrahedral strong field: 2 unpaired electrons, octahedral strong field: 0 unpaired electrons, tetrahedral weak field: 4 unpaired electrons, square planar weak field: 4 unpaired electrons.
In a coordination complex, the number of unpaired electrons in the metal ion depends on the strength of the ligand field and the orientation of the ligands. Strong field ligands have a higher affinity for the d orbitals and can more effectively stabilize them, leading to a lower number of unpaired electrons in the metal ion.
Weak field ligands have a lower affinity for the d orbitals and do not stabilize them as effectively, leading to a higher number of unpaired electrons in the metal ion. The number of unpaired electrons also depends on the orientation of the ligands, with an octahedron (6 ligands) and a tetrahedron (4 ligands) leading to different numbers of unpaired electrons.
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3
Examine the diagram of a cell above. Based on the description in this
passage, which part of the organism performs a function similar to the
part of the cell marked with the arrow?
From the diagram (see the attached image), the part of the organism that performs a function similar to the part of the cell marked with the arrow would be the brain.
The part marked with the arrow represents the nucleus of the cell.
The basic function of the nucleus is to control all cellular activities such as reproduction, homeostasis, respiration, etc. The function of the brain is also to control all the physiological, reproductive, etc. activities of the organism's body.It is then safe to infer that the nucleus of a cell and the brain of an organism are functionally similar. Hence, the part of the organism that performs a function similar to the part of the cell marked with the arrow is the brain.
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Remember that the solution must be in complete form: reaction equations; calculation formulas with numerical values of physical quantities placed in them., units of measurement!
The students were given the task to obtain 10 g of Cu(OH)2 experimentally. In the laboratory, students had access to a 10% CuSO4 solution and a 20% NaOH solution. Calculate how many ml of CuSO4 solution and how many ml of NaOH solution are needed to complete the given task! (Density of 10% CuSO4 solution ρ = 1.107 g/ml and density of 20% NaOH solution ρ = 1.219 g/ml)
We need 147.5 ml of 10% CuSO4 solution and 33.6 ml of 20% NaOH solution to obtain 10 g of Cu(OH)2.
To obtain 10 g of Cu(OH)2, we need to start by writing the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper sulphate (CuSO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of CuSO4 reacts with two moles of NaOH to produce one mole of Cu(OH)2 and one mole of Na2SO4.
The molar mass of Cu(OH)2 is 97.56 g/mol. Therefore, we need 10 g / 97.56 g/mol = 0.1024 mol of Cu(OH)2.
To determine how much CuSO4 solution and NaOH solution we need, we can use the following equations:
Amount of CuSO4 required = 0.1024 mol x (159.61 g/mol) / 0.1 = 163.38 g
Amount of NaOH required = 0.2048 mol x (40.00 g/mol) / 0.2 = 40.96 g
Where the first equation is using the molar mass of CuSO4 and the density of the solution to determine the required volume. The same idea is used in the second equation but with NaOH.
Using the density of the solutions, we can convert the required mass to volume:
Volume of CuSO4 solution = 163.38 g / 1.107 g/ml = 147.5 ml
Volume of NaOH solution = 40.96 g / 1.219 g/ml = 33.6 ml
Therefore, we need 147.5 ml of 10% CuSO4 solution and 33.6 ml of 20% NaOH solution to obtain 10 g of Cu(OH)2.
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Which of the following describes a net force?
It is the total of the combined forces acting on an object.
It is the same thing as gravity.
It is a force that is part of the Internet.
It is the same thing as inertia.
Answer:
Net force is the vector sum of forces acting on a particle or body. ... Its associated torque, the net force, becomes the resultant force and has the same effect on the rotational motion of the object as all actual forces taken together.
Draw the Lewis structure for SF6 and show ALL the steps
Answer:
Lewis structures are the diagrammatic representation of bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist the molecules. It is also known as Lewis dot structure or electron dot structure.
Lewis Structure
Step 1: Find the Total Number of Valence Electrons. ...
Step 2: Find the Number of Electrons Needed to Make the Atoms "Happy" ...
Step 3: Determine the Number of Bonds in the Molecule. ...
Step 4: Choose a Central Atom. ...
Step 5: Draw a Skeletal Structure. ...
Step 6: Place Electrons Around Outside Atoms.
PLX HELP ASAP
How many grams of ethanol, C2H6O, are needed to prepare a 0.100 molal solution using 2.20 kg water?
A) 18.3 g
B) 10.1 g
C) 9.5 g
D) 20.6 g
Answer:
B) 10.1g
Explanation:
Answer:
10.1 g
Explanation:
When the volume of a gas is changed from 11.5 cm3 to __ cm3, the temperature will change from 415.0 K to 200.0 K
Answer:
Explanation:
Charles Law: The volume of and ideal gas is directly proportional to the temperature when the pressure is kept constant
V₁ - initial Volume = 11.5 cm³ ; T₁ = Initial temperature = 415 K ;
V₂ - final volume ;T₂ =final temperature = 200 K
\(\dfrac{V_{1}}{T_{1}}=\dfrac{V_{2}}{T_{2}}\\\\\\\dfrac{11.5}{415}=\dfrac{V_{2}}{200}\\\\\\\dfrac{11.5}{415}*200=V_{2}\\\\\\V_{2}=5.5 \ cm^{3}\)
Now balance the chemical reaction by providing the correct coefficients:
Answer: 2 Al + 3 Cl₂ → 2 AlCl₃
Explanation:
To balance equations, you want to have the same amount of each element. We know 2 Al + 3 Cl₂ → 2 AlCl₃ is the balanced equation because there are equal amounts of each element on both sides. There are 2 Al and 6 Cl.
Fill in the blank: If an atom is in column V (or 15), it will most likely ____________ to fulfill the octet rule.
Gain 3 electrons
Lose 5 electrons
Gain 5 electrons
Lose 5 protons
Gain 3 protons
Answer:
If an atom is in column V (or 15), it will most likely gain 3 electrons to fulfill the octet rule.
Explanation:
The octet rule defines the property that atoms have to complete their last energy level with eight electrons to achieve stability through an ionic, covalent or metallic bond.
The pair of electrons that are transferred or gained belong to the last shell of the atom. If an atom is in column V (or 15), it means that it has 5 electrons in its last shell. So an atom in this group is more likely to gain 3 electrons to achieve stability than to lose the 5 electrons it has.
If an atom is in column V (or 15), it will most likely gain 3 electrons to fulfill the octet rule.
A. Gain 3 electrons
What does Octet rule say?The octet rule defines the property that atoms have to complete their last energy level with eight electrons to achieve stability through an ionic, covalent or metallic bond.
The pair of electrons that are transferred or gained belong to the last shell of the atom. If an atom is in column V (or 15), it means that it has 5 electrons in its last shell. So an atom in this group is more likely to gain 3 electrons to achieve stability than to lose the 5 electrons it has.
Thus, correct option is A.
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What are the names of all functional group isomers and what are the structures of each?
Isomers with distinct functional groups but the same chemical formula are referred to as functional group isomers.
Examples of functional group isomers include:
1) Alcohols - These compounds contain an -OH group, such as ethanol (\(C_2H_5OH\)) and propanol (\(C_3H_7OH\)).
2) Aldehydes - These compounds contain a carbonyl group, such as formaldehyde (\(CH_2O\)) and acetaldehyde (\(CH_3CHO\)).
3) Ketones - These compounds contain an oxygen double-bonded to two other carbons, such as acetone (\(CH_3COCH_3\)) and propanone (\(C_3H_6O\)).
4) Carboxylic Acids - These compounds contain a carboxyl group, such as acetic acid (\(CH_3COOH\)) and propionic acid (\(C_3H_5COOH\)).
5) Esters - These compounds contain an oxygen double-bonded to a carboxyl group, such as ethyl acetate (\(C_2H_5COOCH_3\)) and propyl acetate (\(C_3H_7COOCH_3\)).
6) Amides - These compounds contain an amide group, such as formamide (\(NH_2CHO\)) and acetamide (\(CH_3CONH_2\)).
Functional group isomers are structural isomers because they have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements due to the presence of different functional groups.
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Which subatomic particle has the least mass?
URGENT
Subject/SCIENCE
A. electron
B. proton
C. neutron
D. the atom
Answer:
I thinnk neutron bcoz its is a charge less particle and it's contains less atom so it has less mass
I need help I don’t understand this is hitting
Reagents that are entirely consumed by a chemical reaction are known as limiting reagents.
Thus, They are additionally known as limiting reactants or limiting agents. A predetermined quantity of reactants are necessary for the reaction to be completed, according to the stoichiometry of chemical reactions.
In the aforementioned reaction, 2 moles of ammonia are created when 3 moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of nitrogen gas.
In most cases, this reactant dictates when the reaction will end. The reaction stoichiometry can be used to determine the precise quantity of reactant that will be required to react with another element. The limiting agent is determined by the mole ratio rather than the mass of the reactants.
Thus, Reagents that are entirely consumed by a chemical reaction are known as limiting reagents.
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What is the oxidation state of N in NaNOz?
The oxidation state of nitrogen (N) in NaNO3 is +5. option B
To determine the oxidation state of nitrogen (N) in sodium nitrate (NaNO3), we need to assign oxidation numbers to each element in the compound.
In NaNO3, we know that the sodium ion (Na+) has a +1 oxidation state because it is an alkali metal. Oxygen (O) typically has an oxidation state of -2 in compounds, and there are three oxygen atoms in NaNO3. Since the compound is neutral, the sum of the oxidation states must be zero.
Let's assume that the oxidation state of nitrogen is x. Therefore, we can set up the equation:
(+1) + x + (-2) * 3 = 0
Simplifying the equation:
+1 + x - 6 = 0
x - 5 = 0
x = +5
Therefore, the oxidation state of nitrogen (N) in NaNO3 is +5.
The oxidation state of an element indicates the number of electrons it has gained or lost in a compound. In this case, the nitrogen atom in NaNO3 has gained five electrons to achieve a stable oxidation state of +5.
It is important to note that oxidation states are formal charges and do not necessarily represent the actual distribution of electrons in a compound. They are assigned based on a set of rules and can be useful in understanding the reactivity and behavior of elements in chemical reactions.
Option B
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Example of change in substance
The original substance has undergone a transformation into a new substance with different properties, indicating a change in the chemical composition of the material.
An example of a change in substance is the process of combustion. When a substance, such as wood, is burned, it undergoes a chemical reaction with oxygen in the air, which produces a new substance: carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, and ash. This change in the chemical composition of the wood means that it has transformed into a completely new substance with different physical and chemical properties.
Another example is the process of electrolysis, where an electric current is passed through a solution containing ions. This can cause a chemical reaction to occur, resulting in the breakdown of the original substance into its component parts or the formation of a new substance.
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