Gamma and X-ray absorption is the main reason for the thermosphere's temperature increase.
How should temperature be defined?Temperature is a unit used to represent hotness or coolness on any of a number of scales, namely Fahrenheit and Celsius. According to temperature, heat energy will naturally move from a hotter (body with a warmer temperature) to a colder (body with a lower temperature) (one at a lower temperature).
How the temperature is defined ?The kinetic and potential of a system is measured by its temperature. The kinetic energy of a system starts to rise as the particle's velocity rises, which raises the system's temperature. The energy that is transferred when two bodies with different surface temperatures come in touch is referred to as heat.
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Which system of units is used by only a small number of countries in the
world, including the U.S.?
What is the frequency of a wave that has a period of 0.5 seconds
Answer:
Explanation:Each drum must endure for one-half a second, so the period is 0.5 s. If the woodpecker drums upon a tree 4 times in one second, then the frequency is 4 Hz; each drum must endure for one-fourth a second, so the period is 0.25 s.
What advantages do diatoms obtain from sexual reproduction?a. increased genetic variability.b. increased ability of populations to respond to environmental change.c. evolutionary potential.d. regeneration of maximal cell size for the species.d. all of the above.
Answer:
The correct answer is: option D. all of the above.
Explanation:
In sexual reproduction, two opposite gender gametes are fused together to form a zygote by the process called fertilization which forms the new organism that is genetically unique.
In diatoms, sexual reproduction caused various types of advantages such as higher or enhanced genetic variability as recombination occurs. It also helps the ability to responding to environmental change Increasing the population or species size and other.
Thus, the correct answer is: option D. all of the above.
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Answer:
1:Ctrl+C.cut: Ctrl+x. paste : Ctrl+v
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shift+Ctrl+right
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11:Ctrl+R
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Which word has the strongest negative connotation?which word has the strongest negative connotation?
My response would be "lazy." It suggests that the subject lacks motivation to finish the current work.
What is motivation?Motivation is the cause of a behavior's initiation, continuation, or termination in both humans and other animals at a certain time. Motivational states are frequently interpreted as internal forces that produce a disposition to participate in goal-directed activity in the agent. Different mental states are said to compete with one another, and only the strongest state can determine behaviour. This implies that we can be inspired to act even when we don't. Desire is the classic example of a motivating mental state. However, several other states, such as goals or views about what one should do, can also serve as motivation.
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Is alveolis blood supply good or poor?
Jack's depression was treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Which of the following did physicians do to his brain?
Physicians used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat Jack's depression. This is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. During rTMS treatment, a coil is placed on the scalp over the targeted area of the brain, and a magnetic pulse is delivered to the area. This pulse stimulates nerve cells in the brain, and can help to improve symptoms of depression.
The exact mechanism of action of rTMS is not fully understood, but it is thought to work by increasing the activity of certain areas of the brain that are involved in regulating mood. This increased activity can lead to improvements in symptoms of depression, such as low mood, feelings of hopelessness, and lack of interest in activities.
Overall, rTMS is a safe and effective treatment option for depression that does not involve medication. It can be used in combination with other treatments, such as talk therapy or medication, to provide a comprehensive approach to treating depression.
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2. Explain how engineering advances have led to scientific discoveries about the moon.
Answer:
Explain two ways that all youth can idenblases in the media
During the cell cycle, DNA replication must occur?
A) Before the cell divides
B) Immediately following
cytokinesis
C) During mitosis
D)All of the Above
A glider is a motorless airplane. In addition to size, which would be the main things to consider when designing a glider to cover a large distance?
Select one:
a.
environmental impact and mass
b.
cost and environmental impact
c.
strength and cost
d.
mass and strength
D. mass and strength. Early gliders were mostly built of wood, with metal stays, fasteners, control cables. For strength, lightness, later wings made of wood, fabric were coupled with steel tubes in fabric as fuselage.
Since then, performance has been improved by using new materials including carbon fibre, fibre glass, and Kevlar. Due to its strong strength to weight ratio and capacity to provide a smooth outside surface to reduce drag, this material is still utilised today. Improved aerodynamics and retractable undercarriages have also reduced drag. Some gliders have wings with flaps attached to the trailing edges to maximise lift and drag at a variety of speeds. The performance of gliders has been better with each new generation of materials and with advances in aerodynamics.
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Below is a stratigraphic cross-section of the Grand Canyon. Identify the unconformities and explain your answer.
While the rocks above this set are horizontal, the rock layers in the Grand Canyon Supergroup are tilted. An angular unconformity exists here. The Great Unconformity was subsequently created by the erosion of the top of these sedimentary layers.
What kind of irregularity does the Grand Canyon's base contain?
The Tonto Group is separated from the Grand Canyon Supergroup and vertically foliated metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Vishnu Basement Rocks by the Great Unconformity of Powell in the Grand Canyon, which is a regional unconformity.
The Grand Canyon contains countless minor unconformities in addition to fourteen major ones. In fact, there is much more time absent than is represented because of the abundance of temporal stratigraphic gaps in the Canyon's rock layers.
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which best describes the concept of natural selection?
A. an organism will always mutate to survive
B. The fittest organisms are selected for
C. Nature selects the organisms with the most Mutations
D. mutations make organisms more fit
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Natural selection is the way that organisms adapt through adaptations to better survive and pass on the special genes which enable the offspring to survive. Saying an organism will always mutate to survive is wrong, as natural selection implies that not all organisms survive. With natural selection, nothing is "selected", so B and C are not correct. However, mutations DO make organisms "more fit" to survive their environments, so D is the answer.
Answer: The fittest Organisms are selected for
Explanation: Just did the test :)
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a recessive genetic disorder that includes the characteristics of short stature and extra fingers or toes. In the general population, this syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 150,000 live births. In a particular isolated population, however, the incidence of this syndrome among live births is 1 in 500. Assume that both the isolated population and the general population are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this syndrome. Which best describes the difference between the frequency of the allele that causes the syndrome in the general population and the frequency of the allele in the isolated population?
Answer:
O.0026 and 0.0447
Explanation:
A population of 1,000 healthy, at risk people is monitored for one year starting on January 1st, and the development of cases of chicken pox is noted. No one has chicken pox at the start of the investigation. Twenty people develop chicken pox on June 30th and forty people develop chicken pox on September 30th. Twenty-four people were lost to follow-up on March 31st, and twenty-four people were lost to follow-up on November 30th. None of those lost to follow-up had developed chicken pox prior to becoming lost. Assume that you can get chicken pox only once.
Required:
What is the cumulative incidence of chicken pox in this population during the one-year period from January 1st through December 31st?
Answer:
\(\mathbf{cummulative \ incidence = \dfrac{60}{1000}}\)
Explanation:
We recognize that total occurrence equals new cases of disease over time divided by the number of people at risk at the onset.
Mathematically:
\(\mathbf{cummulative \ incidence = \dfrac{New \ cases \ of \ disease \ occurrence}{Number \ of \ population \ at \ risk \ at \ onset}}\)
Given that:
Number of the population at risk = 1000 individuals
New cases during Jan 1 - Dec 31 = 60 because;
At 20 occurred on June 30 & 40 on Sept. 30) & no new cases were identified after that:
∴
\(\mathbf{cummulative \ incidence = \dfrac{60}{1000}}\)
Species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Gallapagos islands buried in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant habitations Darwin noted was the
A. Similarities of the birds embryos
B. Birds different shaped beaks
C. Length of birds necks
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The finches needed different beak adaptions MOST to survive so those were most prominent. Hope this helped and have a blessed day. :)))
Cells need energy in order to perform most cellular processes. This energy is produced throughthe process of cellular respiration. Which of the following describes this process.A. water is transported into the cell to create ATP.B. sugar molecules are broken down to produce ATP.C. light is captured and used to build sugar molecules.D. carbon dioxide molecules are combined to create protein molecules.
The correct answer is B. sugar molecules are broken down to produce ATP. In cellular respiration sugars are broken down. During the process, they release energy that allows the cell to produce ATP.
Forested floodplain wetlands benefit from periodic flooding from rivers. When floodwaters spill into the wetland, they bring water and nutrients and leave both behind. But humans have often cut off floodplains from rivers by building roads, levees, berms, etc. Think about what would happen if a river could no longer flood into these areas. How would the resulting increased amount of water and nutrients in the river affect soils, hydrology, and life downstream?
The absence of flooding from rivers into forested floodplain wetlands would lead to adverse effects on soils, hydrology, and the overall biodiversity downstream, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the natural connection between rivers and floodplains for the health and functioning of these ecosystems.
If a river can no longer flood into forested floodplain wetlands due to human interventions, it would have significant consequences for the downstream areas in terms of soils, hydrology, and life.Without periodic flooding, the increased amount of water and nutrients in the river would not be able to disperse and be deposited in the floodplain wetlands. As a result, downstream soils would experience a decrease in nutrient inputs, leading to decreased fertility and altered composition. The absence of regular flooding would disrupt the natural hydrological cycle, reducing the recharge of groundwater and altering the flow patterns in the river system. This could result in decreased water availability, increased erosion, and changes in the overall ecosystem dynamics downstream.The disruption of nutrient flows and hydrological patterns would also have a significant impact on the life forms downstream. Aquatic plants, fish, and other organisms that depend on floodplain wetlands for breeding, feeding, and shelter would face habitat loss and reduced food availability. This, in turn, could disrupt the food chain and impact the abundance and diversity of aquatic and terrestrial species in the downstream areas.The absence of flooding from rivers into forested floodplain wetlands would lead to adverse effects on soils, hydrology, and the overall biodiversity downstream, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the natural connection between rivers and floodplains for the health and functioning of these ecosystems.For more such questions on flooding
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
protection against heat and water loss
protection against damage from ultraviolet radiation
synthesis of vitamins A and E
general sensation
protection against bacterial invasion
Synthesis of vitamins A and E is not a function of the integumentary system.
What is integumentary system?The integumentary system is a body system composed of the skin, hair, nails and other structures. It is responsible for protection, temperature regulation, and sensation, among other functions.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its primary functions are to act as a barrier between the body and the outside world, protect against dehydration, regulate body temperature, and provide general sensation. It also helps to protect the body from infection, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. The skin also produces hormones, stores fat, and helps to eliminate waste products.
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20. An animal that is both a primary and secondary consumer is a(n)
A. deer
B. moose
C. wolf
D. bear
3L
Answer:
D) Bear
Explanation:
Animals that are both primary and secondary consumers are considered Omnivores. Out of all the options on this list, bears are the only omnivore listed.
What similarities do you observe in the image of the bones of different organisms?
The similarity observed in the image of the bones of different organisms is the presence of a structural framework.
In the image of the bones of different organisms, several similarities can be observed. Firstly, bones in all organisms serve as structural support for the body. They provide a framework that helps maintain the body's shape and allows for movement. Whether it's the bones of a human, a bird, or a fish, they all fulfill this fundamental function.
Secondly, bones share a common composition. They are primarily composed of dense and hard connective tissue called bone tissue, which contains collagen fibers and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. This composition provides strength and rigidity to the bones across different organisms.
Another similarity is the presence of joints. Joints are the points where bones articulate and allow for movement. While the specific types of joints may vary among organisms, the concept of bones connecting and moving at these junctions is a shared characteristic.
Furthermore, the overall arrangement of bones follows a similar pattern in many organisms. For instance, there is typically a spinal column running along the body's length, limbs that articulate with the trunk, and a skull to protect the brain. Although variations exist, these basic structural elements can be observed in various organisms.
In summary, the image of the bones of different organisms highlights similarities such as their role as structural support, their composition of bone tissue, the presence of joints, and the overall arrangement of bones, despite specific variations that exist among different species.
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52. Which one of the following pairs of vegetable and disease is correctly matched?
CA Cabbage=Carly blight
B. Cucumber Cub root
C. Potato =Black wart
CD. Tomato White rust
Answer:
D. Tomato White rust.
Explanation:
Hope it helps.
All organisms are genetically different.
All organisms have homologous structures.
All organisms share a common genetic code.
All organisms came from different ancestors.
Answer:
All organisms share a common genetic code.
Explanation:
Organisms are genetically different for the most part but this asks why it applies to all organisms.
They do not all have homologous structures
They share a common ancestor
9. In DNA Thymine (T) bonds witha.Guanine (G) b.Thymine (T) c.Adenine (A) d.Cytosine (C)
Thymine bonds with adenine and cytosine bonds with guanine. This is called as complimentary base pairing. Each nucleotide base will bond with a specific partner base. It will produce a bond of 2 strands that will spiral around each other forming a double helix shape.
Answer - c - Adenine (A)
Answer:
2 / 2
In DNA, Thymine (T) bonds with Adenine (A). The correct answer is c. Adenine (A).
Are natural disasters avoidable
Answer:
Natural hazards such as flooding, earthquakes and hurricanes cannot be prevented. However, there are still opportunities to reduce damage from natural hazards.
Some natural disasters can be forecasted based on past scientific data.
So if you know ahead of time of the occurence then I guess you can take precautions and avoid natural disasters wherever you live.
Explanation:
Answer: Natural disasters are inevitable and we may not be able to prevent them.
Explanation: We can work towards building a more resilent community, one that emerges from such incidents stronger than ever.
HELP:
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The system that gives body structure, shape, and protects the inner organs is the skeleton. (Skeletal system)
2. The system that breaks down food for the rest of the body to use to make energy is the Digestive system. (Digestive System)
3. This system allow the body to move ( Muscular system)
4. This system controls everything in the body by communicating all throughout other systems ( Nervous System)
5.: This system filters the waste and removes toxins from the blood ( excretory system)
6. This system transports all nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide and everything else throughout the blood ( cardiovascular system)
7. This system exchanges gases: oxygen for carbon dioxide ( respiratory system)
8. This system allows for life to be continued through fertilization and development of another human beings or species ( Reproductive system)
9. This system serves as protective barrier from the outside world and helps to regulate body temperature ( integumentary system)
The systems in the bodyThese are systems that work together to maintain its overall function and well-being. They work together to maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body functions optimally. Some of the systems are listed above.
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why carbohydrate digestion occurs first in mouth?
The digestion of starch carbohydrate is initiated in mouth due to the action of starch digesting enzyme ptyalin or salivary amylase present in saliva secreted by salivary glands. Enzymatic hydrolysis helps in the partial breakdown of starch (polysaccharide) into maltose and isomaltose (disaccharides) and small dextrins called 'limit' dextrins. Nearly 30% of the starch is hydrolysed in the oral cavity because of the shorter time the food is retained here
due to the action of starch the carbohydrate digestion occurs first in mouth
Prokaryote / Eukaryote / or BothA. Has a nucleoidB. Has organellesC. Contains ribosomesD. Has a cytoplasmE. Has a cell membraneF. Has a nucleus
Prokaryote: A.Has a nucleoid;
Both: B. Has organelles; C. contains ribosomes; D. has a cytoplasm; E. has a cell membrane.
Eukaryote: F. Has a nucleous
Note: Prokaryotes don`t have membrane-bound organelles.
Why is NAD+ so important if the cell takes the anaerobic pathway, so glycolysis to fermentation? Does the atp made in glycolysis depend on the NAD+ conversion to NADH in the first step? I am confused on why NAD+ is so important to atp production
Answer:
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is indeed crucial for ATP production, even in anaerobic pathways such as glycolysis followed by fermentation. Allow me to explain the significance of NAD+ and its role in ATP production.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. The conversion of NAD+ to NADH occurs during the oxidation of certain molecules, including glucose, in the pathway. This conversion is essential because NADH carries high-energy electrons that can be used in subsequent steps to generate more ATP.
In aerobic respiration, NADH is further utilized in the electron transport chain (ETC) within the mitochondria. The ETC transfers electrons from NADH to oxygen, generating a significant amount of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. However, in anaerobic conditions where oxygen is limited, like during fermentation, the ETC cannot function.
Here's where NAD+ becomes critical. In order to keep glycolysis running and continue generating ATP, the NADH produced during glycolysis must be converted back to NAD+. This allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP, even without the presence of oxygen. Without a mechanism to regenerate NAD+, glycolysis would halt due to a lack of NAD+, leading to a severe reduction in ATP production.
Fermentation pathways differ depending on the organism, but they all involve the regeneration of NAD+. For example, in lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactate, which involves the transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate, regenerating NAD+. Similarly, in alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into ethanol, again regenerating NAD+.
In summary, NAD+ is essential in anaerobic ATP production because it serves as a coenzyme that accepts electrons and facilitates the conversion of NADH back to NAD+. By regenerating NAD+, cells can sustain glycolysis and continue producing ATP, even in the absence of oxygen.
What are the fundamental parts of a typical cell
Answer:
the parts include Cell Membrane, Mitochondrion, Lysosome, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Explanation:
the cell membrane Is made out of phospholipids and proteins
the Mitochondrion Site of cellular respiration "power house"
the Lysosome S.uicide Sacks that contain digestive enzymes
rough Endoplasmic Reticulum contains Ribosomes, transports proteins
hope this helped!
Maria gets a kit that lets you grow a mineral. The instructions say to pour a packet of liquid into a small container and to place the container in a sunny area. Maria follows the directions and when the liquid evaporates, she observes tiny minerals that are left behind in the container.
What is this process called?
A. oxidation
B. crystallization
C. altering minerals
D. organic mineral formation
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Crystallization generates solids by organizing atoms or molecules into a crystal structure. Crystals develop via solution precipitation, freezing, or rarely gas deposition. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is crystallization?The formation of a solid involves a process known as crystallization, in which the constituent atoms or molecules become highly ordered into a structure known as a crystal. Crystals can form in a number of different methods, including by precipitating from a solution, freezing, or, although this occurs less frequently, deposition directly from a gas.
There are two primary stages involved in the crystallization process. The first step is called nucleation, and it refers to the formation of a crystalline phase from either a liquid that has been supercooled or a solvent that is supersaturated. Crystal growth is the term given to the second stage of the process, which involves an increase in the size of the particles involved and ultimately results in a crystallized form.
Therefore, when a solution is evaporated, some of the solvent evaporates, leaving behind a saturated solution. Cooling the saturated solution forms crystals. Filtration removes crystals.
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