The differentiation between children's nightmares and sleep terrors includes which of the following?
a. Nightmares occur during non-REM sleep, whereas sleep
terrors occur during REM sleep.
b. During nightmares the child is easy to arouse and
responsive to the environment, whereas during sleep
terrors the child is difficult to arouse and largely
unresponsive to the environment.
c. There is limited or no memory for nightmares, whereas the
contents of sleep terrors may be remembered fairly
clearly.
d. There is intense physiological arousal during nightmares,
whereas there is only moderate physiological arousal
during sleep terrors.

Answers

Answer 1

The differentiation between children's nightmares and sleep terrors includes  Nightmares that occur during non-REM sleep, whereas sleep terrors occur during REM sleep..

Not unusual causes of nighttime terrors and nightmares consist of: being very worn-out or ill. sudden noises at night time or needing to pee during the night (that can affect your deep sleep) something that's frightened you (which includes watching a scary movie) or made you burdened, hectic or concerned.

Nighttime terrors are sleep problems wherein a person quickly awakens from sleep in a terrified nation. The reason is unknown but night terrors are regularly brought on by means of fever, lack of sleep, or durations of emotional tension, strain, or battle.

Even as human beings speak about “night terrors,” this isn't, in fact, a diagnosable circumstance, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical guide fifth edition (DSM-V). It incorporates factors of situations referred to as nightmare sickness, REM sleep behavior ailment, and Non-speedy Eye movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal disease.

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Related Questions

what does i in tissue mean

Answers

I stands for intercellular in a

tissue

. A tissue is a collection of nearby cells that are arranged to carry out one or more particular jobs.

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nerve tissue are the four basic tissue types, each of which is distinguished by its appearance and purpose. The cardiac tissue in your heart is an example of

intercellular

tissue, which is a component of a living thing's body formed of similar cells.

A tissue is another soft, delicate piece of paper that is used for wiping tears and noses. When a collection of cells cooperate to carry out a single task in perfect

harmony

, it is referred to be a tissue. For instance, bones and blood both fall under the category of connective tissues.

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tissues

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How can one young people minimize youth migration​

Answers

Here are some of the steps for one to minimize youth migration:

Improving the education system by making schools better and easier to access, teaching practical skills, and offering scholarships.Making more jobs available and encouraging entrepreneurship and attracting investments.Having programs that help young people in need like providing healthcare and assistance to those who are struggling.Giving young people a voice and involving them in discussions about policies that affect them would reduce their migration.Improving local infrastructure such as transport, communication, and healthcare systems in rural areas would help also.Taking advantage of online resources for learning, work, and entrepreneurship.Young people should know about opportunities in their own communities and be encouraged to invest in their home countries.

What is migration?

Migration is when people move from one place to another by crossing borders because they want better opportunities or living conditions.

Economic, social, political, or environmental conditions are some reasons why people migrate to other places.

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Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Chapter Six: The Friendship


What were Adam's two criticisms of Jefferson during their political careers?

50 POINTS FOR THIS QUESTION!

Answers

The two criticisms of Jefferson during their political careers is that

John Adams stated Jefferson did not write the text (Draft of the Declaration of Independence) by himself, but rather used the committee's ideas, notably Benjamin Franklin's, to develop its meticulous language.John Adams also criticized Jefferson for owning slaves.

What were some of the similarities between John Quincy Adams and Thomas Jefferson?

Both men were Lawyers and were interested in the advancement of the United States of America.

It is to be noted that John Quincy Adams became the president of the United States of America from 4th of March 1764 to 4th of March 1801 while Thomas Jefferson was President from 1801 to 1809.

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things that are rare and more expensive than gold,diamond,Frankincense,spices​

Answers

Answer:

saffron is more expensive than gold diamond frankincense spice.

hope it helps!

Answer:

sapphire is the most expensive then gold diamond etc

why is an understanding of national cultures important in strategic management?

Answers

Answer:

The strategic management process involves assessing environmental and organizational conditions. ... National culture could be a crucial variable mediating this process as it may influence the relationship of the organization with the environment as well as the relationships among people within the organization.

hope it helps (^^)

hope it helps (^^)# Cary on learning

A pollster stands on a street corner and interviews the first 100 people who agree to speak to him. Which sampling method is represented by this scenario?

Answers

The sampling method represented by this scenario is convenience sampling.

This is a non-probability sampling method where the participants are chosen based on their accessibility and proximity to the researcher. It involves collecting data from the available population or participants who are willing to participate in the study or survey.

Usually, the researcher picks the participants who are conveniently available, such as people who are nearby or online. This method is quicker, less expensive, and requires less effort than other methods, but it can result in biased data because it may not represent the target population accurately.

In conclusion, the sampling method represented by this scenario is convenience sampling.

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while latinos have spread across the country, they comprise a major part of the population in which key area or areas?

Answers

Latinos comprise a major part of the population in key areas such as the southwestern United States and major urban centers.

Latinos have migrated and spread across the United States, contributing to the country's cultural and demographic diversity. While their presence can be found in various regions, they have a significant population concentration in certain key areas. One of these areas is the southwestern United States, which includes states such as California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. These states have long-standing historical ties to Latin American countries and have seen substantial Latino immigration over the years.

Major urban centers also have significant Latino populations. Cities like Los Angeles, Miami, Houston, Chicago, and New York City have diverse populations, with Latinos playing a substantial role. These urban centers offer employment opportunities, cultural vibrancy, and community networks that attract Latinos seeking better economic prospects and a sense of community. As a result, Latinos have become a major part of the population in these key areas, contributing to the cultural fabric and socioeconomic dynamics of these regions.

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social development is a universal process prove it ​

Answers

Explanation:

Development is the positive and progressive change that occurs in any situation, thing or process. It brings progress in quality and quantity. Development of society indicates the entire change including internal and external structure of the society. The positive change in the social incidents a process and structure etc. is known as the development of society. Due to the extension in human relation, change in the wants and desires of human beings and their attitude, the human societies and being complex and diversified day by day. So, Development of the society is a universal process.

Under the Constitution, who has the most power in the United States
A. citizens
B. government

Answers

Answer:

citizens

Explanation

theres a whole reason but i cannot formulate the words right now :)

Answer:

B. Government

Explanation:

Well Congress but it's still under the government. :)

Name three features of river valleys and explain how these features help the civilization. ​

Answers

Answer:

A river gives a reliable source of water, which they can use to drink, and water crops. It also is a way for food because animals will go and drink the water, in which they may use tools to catch the animals and eat them. Also, they can fish too. They may also use it for power, as many things may be powered by water power. It may also create fertile land which helps crops grow.

Explanation:

which component of the current texas constitution was designed to prevent future governors from consoldiating power like fovernor edmund

Answers

The current Texas Constitution includes several provisions that were designed to prevent future governors from abusing power. One of these provisions is Article V, Section 6, which provides that the governor shall not have the power to remove any official or employee from office without cause, except as provided in the Constitution.

This provision was added to the Constitution in 1974, and was designed to prevent future governors from abusing their power to remove officials or employees for political reasons.

Another provision that was designed to prevent future governors from abusing power is Article X, Section 14, which provides that the governor shall not have the power to dissolve the legislature, except in the case of an invasion or insurrection. This provision was added to the Constitution in 1974, and was designed to prevent future governors from abusing their power to dissolve the legislature in order to achieve their political goals.

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Full Question ;

Which component of the current Texas Constitution was designed to prevent future governors from abusing power like Governor Edmund Davis did under the Constitution of 1869?

Which of the following was a change made in Japan after World War2

Answers

The things that  serves as a change made in Japan after World War is C. Adopting a new constitution.

What was the new constitution?

A constitution is a collection of guiding ideas or accepted precedents that serve as the foundation for a polity, organization, or other sort of body's legal system and frequently specify how that institution is to be governed.

The fundamental rules and regulations of a country, state, or social group that specify the functions and responsibilities of the government and provide certain rights to its citizens. a document that outlines the fundamental principles that govern a political or social institution.

Therefore, option C is correct.

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Which of the following was a change made in Japan after World War2

Who took the first steps to opening the door with china and ending its long isolation from the west?

Answers

It is yellow and blue house with 5 puppys. asian people like it eat dog

WHATCHU SAY TO ME YOU TALK TO ME LIKE THAT AGAIN I TURN YOU INTO CHICKEN POW POW!!!!!!

drew's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his insomnia. she will probably use _____ therapy.

Answers

Drew's therapist will probably use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating his insomnia, as it is an empirically supported therapy for this issue.

Drew's therapist, who believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his insomnia, will likely use evidence-based therapy. Evidence-based therapy refers to therapeutic approaches that have been extensively researched and demonstrated to be effective through empirical evidence and scientific studies. In the case of insomnia, there are several evidence-based therapies available, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), which has been widely recognized as an effective treatment for sleep disorders.

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although the popular television show saturday night live uses many types of humor, they are best known for:

Answers

Albeit the famous TV program Saturday Night Live purposes many sorts of humor, they are most popular for satire. The correct answer is (C).

By employing humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule, satire exposes and critiques the foolishness and corruption of an individual or society. By criticizing human foibles, it aims to improve humanity.

Combining lateral thinking and a relaxed, casual approach to problem-solving, and brainstorming It urges individuals to concoct considerations and thoughts that can, from the get-go, appear to be a piece insane. Some of these concepts have the potential to be developed into original, inventive solutions to a problem, while others have the potential to generate even more concepts.

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Q- Although the popular television show Saturday Night Live uses many types of humor, they are best known for:

a. black humor.

b. irony.

c. satire.

d. sarcasm.

Why was the geographical location of Pearl Harbor good for the Pacific Fleet?

Answers

Answer:

The geographical location of Pearl Harbor .

Explanation:

The geographical location of Pearl Harbor played an important role in America as they wanted to exercise their powers. The United States wanted to gain Pearl Harbor because it served as a stand to show military dominance in the Pacific. Hawaii played an essential role in serving as a naval base and to scare the Japanese imperial navy in the Pacific Ocean.

2.
In the savannah, it is very ________.
hot
cold
dark
dry

Answers

In the savannah, it is very Hot. Option (a) is the correct response to the question.

What is Savannah?

A mixed forest and grassland habitat known as a savanna or savannah is characterized by trees that are sufficiently spread apart to prevent the canopy from closing. The open canopy allows enough light to penetrate the soil to maintain an unbroken covering of grasses-dominated herbaceous plants.

Temperatures typically range from 68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit (20 to 30 degrees Celsius) in the climate. In regions with a 6 to 8-month wet summer and a 4 to 6-month dry winter, savannas grow. The yearly rainfall ranges between 10 and 30 inches (25 and 75 cm).

Therefore, Option (a) is the correct answer.

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Answer:

it is very Hot. Option (a

Explanation:

Group of protestors throwing bricks at passing cars and blocking cars from driving on the road.
A) constitutional
B) unconstitutional​

Answers

Answer:

B unconstitutional

Explanation:

B) unconstitutional

a research team combines the results of nearly two dozen studies examining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating self-injurious behavior among clients with borderline personality disorder. the research team is conducting a:

Answers

A research team aggregates the findings from roughly two dozen studies looking at dialectical behavior therapy's efficiency in treating self-harming behavior in borderline personality disorder patients. A meta-analysis is being conducted by the research team.

A meta-analysis is a sort of research that combines the findings from several studies on a single subject in order to get more firm and trustworthy judgments about the overall efficacy of a particular intervention or course of therapy.

The research team is merging the findings of approximately twenty studies in this case study to assess the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in treating self-harming behavior in borderline personality disorder patients. The research team can evaluate patterns and trends over a wider sample size by merging the findings of different studies.

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Write a acrostic using the word adolescent
A-
D -
O -
L -
E -
S -
C -
E -
N -
T-

Answers

Answer:

No theme provided, just write whatever.

Explanation:

A = Apollo, Champion of the Skies

D = Demeter, Goddess of the harvest

O = Octo, Bearer of the Digit 8

L = Lord, Ruler of the Land

E = Evolution, Forward Despite Everything

S = Soviet Moon, Flag implanted in space's guardian

C = Challenger, They Flew too close to the sun

E = Eons, Centuries Past and Landscapes Forged

N = Neurons, Power to the Computer of the Mind

T = Time, The Machine Man Cannot Stop

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the putting out system?

Answers

Some of the advantages of the putting-out system are:

The weavers do not have to buy the toolsThe weavers were not tasked with selling the clothes.

What was the Putting Out System?

This refers to the sub-contracting work that is done when merchants hire weavers to make clothes for them for a fee.

Hence, we can see that some of the disadvantages of the putting-out system were:

The weavers were poorly paidThe weavers were dependent on the merchants, etc.

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Supply and Demand
In the Chapter 4 Exercises section, complete the matching and multiple-choice questions.

Supply and Demand
Read this assignment. Then read Chapter 4 in your textbook.

What Are the Laws of Supply and Demand?
Demand is the amount of a good or service that buyers are willing and able to purchase at any price. Price and demand have an inverse relationship, meaning that as price goes up, the amount demanded of the product goes down. This relationship is known as the law of demand.

Why does demand change in the opposite direction of price change?

At a lower price, people can afford to buy more of an item than they can at a higher price.
At lower prices, people tend to buy things as a substitute for something else.
When thinking about demand, make sure to consider opportunity cost. A lower price means a lower opportunity cost. A person is giving up less by deciding to use limited resources on a cheap product; therefore, more people demand that product.

Another reason for the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded is a concept known as the law of diminishing marginal utility. Utility is an economic term for the enjoyment or usefulness a person gets out of making a decision or consuming a product. As you consume more and more of a specific good, your enjoyment of that good tends to decrease with each additional good consumed. For example, a person may greatly enjoy the first slice of pizza he or she eats, still enjoy the second slice (if to a lesser degree), and as he or she begins filling up on pizza, enjoy the third slice least of the three. Because of this diminishing enjoyment, prices need to be lower before the second or third or fourth items are bought and consumed.

The rate with which quantity demands changes in reaction to a price change will vary, depending on the elasticity of demand of that product or service. Goods that are elastic will experience a large reaction to a change in price.

Supply is the amount of a good or service that’s offered up for sale at all prices. The law of supply states that more of an item will be offered for sale at a higher price than at a lower price. When you think about this law, it makes sense. Sellers want to maximize their profits, and if the price of a good increases, it's a good idea to offer more of that product for sale. An industry with higher prices may attract more businesses to join it.

Just like demand, supply may be elastic or inelastic. Elastic means a big reaction to a change in price, so inelastic means a small reaction to a change in price. An elastic supply means that the business or industry is in a position to quickly increase production in reaction to a price increase. An inelastic supply is one for which it's difficult to increase production, even with a large increase in price.

How Do Changes in Supply and Demand Affect Price?
Infographics show Nonprice factors affecting demand and Nonprice factors affecting supply.Nonprice Factors that Affect Supply and Demand
Up until now, we've looked at reaction to price change. This section deals with how the amount supplied and demanded might change regardless of price.

Be sure to read pages 57–59 of your textbook for an in-depth explanation of the non-price factors affecting supply and demand. With all other factors held constant, an increase in demand or a decrease in supply will result in a price increase. A decrease in demand or an increase in supply will result in a price decrease.

Why Are Prices Important in a Market Economy?
In a market economy, prices act as signals to buyers and sellers, encourage efficient production, and determine who will receive the items produced. Prices constantly fluctuate with changes in supply and demand and act as an indicator of what an economy feels the value of any given good or service should be. Read about the role of prices on pages 59–60 of your textbook.

Answers

In summary, the laws of supply and demand explain the relationship between price and demand.

How is this so?

Demand changes inversely to price, as lower prices increase affordability and lower opportunity cost, leading to increased demand.

The law of diminishing marginal utility also plays a role, where the enjoyment or usefulness of a product decreases with each additional unit consumed.

Supply, on the other hand, increases with higher prices, as sellers seek to maximize profits. Elasticity of demand and supply determines the reaction to price changes.

Prices in a market economy serve as signals, promoting efficient production and allocating goods based on value.

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Bonito is 14 years old and when he walks down the hall he feels as though everyone is watching him and judging him. Then when he gets to math class, he assumes that everyone else in the class hates the class as much as he does. Bonito is showing signs of adolescent:

Answers

When Bonito gets to math class, he assumes that everyone else in the class hates the class as much as he does. Bonito is showing signs of adolescent: Egocentrism.

The inability to distinguish between oneself and others is known as egocentrism. The incapacity to effectively presume or comprehend any perspective other than one's own is what it is more specifically known as. A person can exhibit egocentrism at any stage of life, including infancy, early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

A child might think they were responsible for something happening if they desire something to happen very much and it happens. Your child can believe that they are to blame for the friend's illness if they are upset with them and want them to leave when the friend becomes ill and visits the hospital.

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The caste system had affected both modern and ancient indians but

Answers

The effects of the caste system have evolved over time. In ancient India, the caste system was deeply ingrained in the social structure and influenced all aspects of life, including occupation, education, and marriage.

People were born into a specific caste and had limited opportunities to move up or down in the social hierarchy.

In modern India, the caste system has been officially abolished, and discrimination based on caste is illegal. However, the effects of the caste system still linger in some parts of Indian society. Members of lower castes may still face discrimination in access to education, jobs, and other opportunities. The system of affirmative action or "reservation" policies, which provide quotas for lower castes in education and government jobs, has been implemented to address these inequalities.

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Explain The caste system affect on  modern and ancient Indians.

what is population management? ​

Answers

Answer:

This process of reviewing populations, identifying problems, and taking action is called population management. Population management shifts a practice from simply responding to patient-initiated demands to searching for and reaching out to patients needing care.

which of the following is true about selective/elective mutism? select one: a. it is the refusal to speak in one or more settings or situations, despite the ability to speak b. it is defined as the sudden loss of speech and the ability to speak c. if may be seen in severe forms of social anxiety/social phobia. d. a and c e. b and c

Answers

According to the research, the correct answer is Option A. Selective/elective mutism is the refusal to speak in one or more settings or situations, despite the ability to speak.

What is elective mutism?

It is a permanent or temporary absence of language in a person who had previously acquired it.

In this sense, people who suffer from it remain silent in certain situations; the causes of this silence can be various and are activated voluntarily or as a consequence of a condition.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, elective mutism is a disorder that occurs due to psychological causes that lead the subject to take refuge in muteness.

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research indicates that negative news is received more positively when it is stated first, followed by an explanation.T/F

Answers

According to a study, bad news is better taken when it is presented up front and is followed by an explanation. This statement is false.

Research on the order effect of information presentation suggests that the order in which information is presented can have an impact on how it is perceived and remembered. However, there is no consistent evidence to suggest that negative news is better received when it is presented first.

Some studies have shown that presenting negative information first can lead to a more negative overall evaluation of the information, while others have found that presenting negative information later can lead to greater persuasion and a more favorable attitude toward the information. The order effect can also depend on the nature of the information, the context in which it is presented, and individual differences in cognitive processing.

Furthermore, the idea that negative news can be made more positive by following it with an explanation is overly simplistic. The effectiveness of an explanation in mitigating the negative impact of bad news depends on the content and quality of the explanation, as well as the individual's cognitive and emotional response to the news.

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Tamara has a hard time remembering pin numbers for her credit cards, but she wants to keep the information secure. Which is the best solution for her dilemma? writing them down on one list and keeping them in a safe place at home typing them into her smartphone so they are easily accessible typing them into an e-mail and sending it to her personal e-mail account writing them down on one list and keeping them in her wallet.

Answers

There are different ways to make oneself remember things. The best solution for Tamara's dilemma is to be writing the pin numbers down in one list and keeping them in a safe place at home.

A dilemma is known to be a hard situation where one have to take one out of other options especially between two or more alternatives. When in a real dilemma, the choice is always between a wrong and another.

People always have their own special ways to keep passwords safe. The best solution is to write all the passwords on a paper and keep that paper in a safe place at home where no one can see it.

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Answer:

A) writing them down on one list and keeping them in a safe place at home

Explanation:

taking the test on edge rn

One of the most notorious unsolved crime sprees in history- this east london killer is believed to have killed 5 women. Who did it?

Answers

Answer: Jack the ripper

Explanation: Jack the Ripper terrorized London in 1888, killing at least five women and mutilating their bodies in an unusual manner, indicating that the killer had a substantial knowledge of human anatomy.

What is Jesus about? Are you Christian? If not, I hope you will follow him someday before you die.

Answers

Answer:

well he is our father in heaven and he guides us to the end and even if u dont think he helps u its ok he will in time i pry everyday to have a better life then i did as a kid

Explanation:

Answer:

He gave me an adorable little baby brother, two loving parents, and plenty of friends. But most importantly of all, when my baby brother was only one month old, we had to rush him to the emergency room. He was there for almost a week, and he was struggling to breath. He had to have surgery, but jesus saved his life! I will never be able to repay him for what he did!

Explanation:

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Which excerpt from A Rumor of War best illustrates Vietnam's uncomfortable climate?By autumn, what had begun as an adventurous expedition had turned into an exhausting, incmyattrition in which we fought for no cause other than our own survival.O But there were no Normandies and Gettysburgs for us, no epic clashes that decided the fatesnations. 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The playwright includes foods and beverages popular in the 1930s. The playwright includes the names of 1930s baseball players. The playwright includes slang words used often in the 1930s. The playwright includes music and movies popular in the 1930s. Can someone just translate this I cant tell what it saysOnly the third one Read the draft of Rosa's short story.Marcus and Carlos walked and talked excitedly about the day's activities. First, the pair would stop at the Ramirez house to eat and thenwould amble slowly over to the park for that afternoon's festival. As they talked, Marcus could see Carlos's grandmother on the porch waving tothe two boys. After introductions were made, Marcus offered Mrs. Ramirez the bouquet of flowers he had brought.Entering the house, Marcus saw that red, green, and white decorations adorned the dining room walls. Marcus then stopped andblinked-the large dining room table was covered with dishes of all kinds-it was a feast!Everything looks delicious, Mrs. Ramirez," said Marcus."Wait until you try her churros, Marcus," interrupted Carlos. "They are spectacular"Oh you, Carlos, hush." said Mrs. Ramirez, with a big smile on her face.Rosa wants to continue the story with additional dialogue to develop Marcus's sense of surprise.Which dialogue would best help Rosa achieve her goal?1. "Carlos," said Marcus, "Wait until I tell my mother about this!"2. Till have to be careful" said Marcus, to not eat too much before the festival."3. "Seriously, though, there is enough food here to feed the neighborhood!" said Marcus.4. I hope we can bring some of this wonderful food with us to the festival," said Marcus. how did the giant realize his mistake Which of these is punctuated correctly?O "Oh, hang Smiley and his afflicted cow!" I muttered good-naturedly, and bidding the old gentleman good-day, I departed.Oh, hang Smiley and his afflicted cow! I muttered good-naturedly, and bidding the old gentleman good-day, I departed."Oh, hang Smiley and his afflicted cow! I muttered good-naturedly," and bidding the old gentleman good-day. I departed."Oh, hang Smiley and his afflicted cow! I muttered good-naturedly, and bidding the old gentleman good-day, I departed." If g(x) = x^2 - 3, find the value of:a) g(5)b) g(-2)c) g(a+1) . Needles have two parts, the _______________________ that attaches to the vacuum tube needle holder or _______________________. The second part of the needle is the _______________________, which is the part that penetrates the skin during a venipuncture. The sharp, angled end of the shaft is called the _______________________. can someone pls draw and label this as it is in a notebook or on a blank leaf If there is a chemical change it will remain the same properties because a new substance was formed To help your investigation, here is some more data about the farm.The chicken population was started with chicks from a different farm.Chickens are raised in barns where bacteria can spread easily between chickens.CJ, E. Coli, and Salmonella bacteria are all present in the barns.Some of the E. Coli and Salmonella bacteria have alleles that make them resistant to the FQ antibiotic.To stop disease from growing in the barn, the FQ antibiotic is fed to the chickens a lot.Choose which way of evolution caused the FQ antibiotic resistance.Gene FlowGenetic DriftNatural SelectionWhat is the best fit option here? Form a hyptothesisThis is my hypothesis, is it right ?If the chicken population is consistently given the FQ antibiotic, then natural selection leads to antibiotic resistance, because some chickens could have some of the bacterias that develop mutations allele and they can resist against FQ antibiotics.Bacteria which are resistant will continue to increases and grows in number over time. In the end, the chicken population are mainly resistant bacterial, thus making this the likely mechanism of evolution.