The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in:__________

Answers

Answer 1

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in the formation of a fertilization envelope.

The cortical response causes the egg glycocalyx or vitelline membrane to separate and rise from the egg surface. To generate the fertilization coat, the contents of the cortical granules interact with and modify the vitelline membrane via a hardening process.

Cortical granules are secretory vesicles positioned in the cortex of an egg that discharge their contents when stimulated by sperm contact during fertilization. These components alter the extracellular milieu, preventing more sperm from reaching the egg.

The cortical response is a calcium-dependent exocytotic mechanism that causes secretory granule content to be released into the perivitelline area shortly after fertilization, preventing polyspermy fertilization.

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Related Questions

an adopted child has type o blood. she discovers that her biological father has type b blood. this means that her biological mother cannot have blood type:

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An adopted child has type O blood. She discovers that her biological father has type B blood. This means that her biological mother cannot have blood type AB.

The question here pertains to the inheritance of blood type, which is controlled by multiple alleles and is inherited in an autosomal manner. There are four blood types: type A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood type is determined by the presence of A antigens on the red blood cell membrane, while type B is determined by the presence of B antigens on the cell membrane.

Type AB blood type has both A and B antigens present, while type O has neither of the antigens present on the cell membrane. The O blood type is recessive and cannot produce A or B antigens.

From the given information, the child has type O blood, which means that both the parents had O blood group alleles. However, her biological father had type B blood. Therefore, the mother of the child could not have had blood type AB as the presence of A or B antigens would have resulted in either a type A or type B blood group for the child.

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why do yeast use enzymes when a disaccharide is used as a feed stack

Answers

Yeast use enzymes when a disaccharide is used as a feedstock because the disaccharide needs to be broken down into monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, before it can be used as a nutrient source.

What is monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, composed of a single sugar molecule. They are also known as simple sugars and include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates, such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides can be used by the body for energy, or they can be converted into more complex sugars and stored for later use.

Enzymes are proteins produced by the yeast that catalyze the breakdown of the disaccharide into its component monosaccharides. These monosaccharides are then metabolized by the yeast and used to produce energy and synthesize macromolecules, among other things.

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What is the subject of a memoir? A. an experience or period in the author’s life B. a significant historical event C. a fictional adventure story D. an analysis of a certain topic

Answers

A. An experience or period in the author’s life.

Explanation:

A memoir is a story about an experience in someones life, but it has to be factual. A memoir can not be based on fiction, it has to be real and nonfictional.

Memoirs are usually told in first person, as it is recounting the occurrences that happened in ones life. It is different from an autobiography, as autobiographies usually focus on the whole lifespan of a person, while a memoir focuses on one topic or event that happened.

Memoirs also usually focus on personal growth throughout the writing, are truthful and keep track of the persons goals and influences.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

a mrna molecule that encodes a protein that’s function is to be exported to the extracellular space has mutations in the first 20 amino acids. these 20 amino acids are not part of the final protein. what is the most likely consequence that this mutation will cause in the protein?

Answers

The most likely consequence of mutations in the first 20 amino acids of an mRNA molecule encoding a protein destined for the extracellular space is the disruption of the protein's signal peptide.

Proteins destined for the extracellular space typically contain a signal peptide at their N-terminus, which serves as a recognition sequence for the secretory pathway. The signal peptide directs the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is synthesized and undergoes proper folding and modifications before being transported to the extracellular space. Mutations in the first 20 amino acids of the mRNA molecule encoding the protein can disrupt the signal peptide, affecting its functionality.

The signal peptide is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), which guides the ribosome-nascent chain complex to the ER membrane. Mutations within the signal peptide sequence may alter its structure or amino acid composition, impairing its recognition by the SRP. Consequently, the ribosome-nascent chain complex may not be efficiently targeted to the ER, leading to improper folding and retention of the protein in the cytoplasm or other cellular compartments.

Additionally, mutations in the signal peptide sequence can affect the protein's cleavage by signal peptidases, which remove the signal peptide during translocation into the ER lumen. If the cleavage site is disrupted, the signal peptide may not be correctly removed, resulting in an aberrant protein structure. This misfolded protein may not be properly secreted to the extracellular space or could be retained in the ER, leading to cellular dysfunction and potential disease manifestations.

In summary, mutations in the first 20 amino acids of the mRNA molecule encoding a protein destined for the extracellular space can disrupt the signal peptide, impairing its recognition by the SRP and affecting the protein's targeting and secretion. This can result in misfolding, retention in the cytoplasm or ER, and potentially lead to functional deficits or disease-related consequences.

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Using proper notation, which of the following represents the length of the line segment below? ​

Using proper notation, which of the following represents the length of the line segment below?

Answers

Answer:

I believe the correct answer would be A.

Explanation:

Line segments are usually represented with the line over the letters, so that one has to be the correct option. Hope this helps!

Why is it important to know the pH of different solutions?


What are some possible harmful effects of not knowing this information?


3-5 complete sentences in your own words

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

pH is a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in  water. Water that has more free hydrogen ions is acidic, whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic. Since pH can be affected by chemicals in the water, pH is an important indicator of water that is changing chemically.

The ________ west coast climate is situated on the western (windward) side of continents from about 40 to 65 degrees latitude.

Answers

Answer:

marine

Explanation:

What type of rock is pictured here? large crystals coarse texture evidence of rapid cooling fine texture evidence of slow cooling small crystals

What type of rock is pictured here? large crystals coarse texture evidence of rapid cooling fine texture

Answers

Answer:

Large Crystals, course texture, and I think evidence of slow cooling

how would you differentiate between oral streptococci, yeasts, and spirochetes in your sample?

Answers

The differentiation can be done as Yeast is circular or ovoid, oral streptococci are spherical and in chains, and spirochetes are spiral-shaped.

Oral streptococci are spherical and create a variety of chemicals that act as adhesives, enabling them to effectively colonize various tissues in the mouth. Additionally, they have a remarkable capacity for fermenting carbohydrates, producing acids as a byproduct in the process. Streptococci, the main genus found in saliva and on soft tissues of the mouth, are consistently present in all areas of the oral cavity.

Any of a group of spiral-shaped bacteria known as spirochetes, some of which are dangerous pathogens for humans and cause illnesses like syphilis, yaws, Lyme disease, and relapsing fever.

Yeasts are unicellular fungi, generally circular, such the typical baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast often procreate asexually through a process known as budding.

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when reporting care and observations to the nurse, you must follow these rules:

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Documenting data of an individual's health information that is traceable, secure, and permanent for communication. reporting refers to exchanging health care data in either oral or written form

When reporting care and observations to the nurse, one must follow these rules:

Report as soon as possibleDocument carefully and accuratelyObserve frequently and thoroughlyDocument all information clearly and completelyUse objective and factual statementsDescribe the care and the response to care, as well as the physical observationsGive a brief summary of the patient's conditionCheck and report changes in the patient's condition immediatelyThe main objective of reporting care and observations to the nurse is to help the patient in receiving the appropriate treatment.

Therefore, it is necessary to observe frequently and thoroughly, document all information accurately and completely, and use objective and factual statements.

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31. What type of transport is shown in the picture?
a. Facilitated Diffusion
b. Exocytosis
c. Osmosis
d. Endocytosis

31. What type of transport is shown in the picture?a. Facilitated Diffusionb. Exocytosisc. Osmosisd.

Answers

Answer:

B. Exocytosis

Explanation:

31. What type of transport is shown in the picture?a. Facilitated Diffusionb. Exocytosisc. Osmosisd.

A plant with variegated (two-coloured) leaves was left in the sun for several hours. A piece of one of its leaves were then detached (removed) and tested for sugar.

Explain, as fully as you can, why the yellow region of the leaf had not produced sugar. (5 marks)

Answers

Answer:

The yellow leaf was not exposed to the sun so it can't produce sugar.

Explanation:

The yellow region of the leaf didn't produce sugar because it wasn't exposed to sunlight. Part of the leaf was exposed to the sun, thus this leaf produced sugar, while the yellow part of the leaf did not because it was not exposed to the sunlight.

Which best describes an adaptation that could be found in a fish that lives in a slow-flowing stream?
the ability to attract prey by glowing
extra gills, for oxygen extraction
O the ability to grow larger
extra fat, for warmth​

Answers

Cold blooded animal that  lives its whole life in the water and breathes with gills, lays eggs in the water, has fins and is covered with scales (ex. goldfish)please mark me as brainliest

Answer:

My best guess is B!!! Sorry if im wrong!!!

Explanation:

Hope this help!! <3

An ecologist is studying the diet of a group of desert-dwelling scorpions, which have many types of potential prey (insects, small mammals, etc.). She tracks the scorpions to see how much they eat of each prey species. What level of ecological organization is she studying

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - community.

Explanation:

The ecologist is studying various organisms that are assembling of different populations and interaction of various species as she studying various scorpions and their interaction with their preys. So we can say that she is studying the community of scorpions.

Thus, the correct answer - community.

I NEED A ANSWER ASAP FOR A TEST!

Nutrients in the soil aid the process of energy production through photosynthesis. In this example, between which two spheres is energy exchanged?

A.
biosphere to atmosphere

B.
biosphere to geosphere

C.
geosphere to biosphere

D.
hydrosphere to biosphere

E.
hydrosphere to atmosphere

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

cause it iz oke trust alright

In HVAC systems, we generally want to control the desired properties of air such as A temperature and humidity B temperature and air cleanliness temperature, humidity, and air cleanliness

Answers

Therefore, in HVAC systems, the desired properties of air that need to be controlled are temperature, humidity, and air cleanliness. By controlling these properties, HVAC systems can maintain a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.

HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It refers to the system that regulates indoor air quality and temperature. In HVAC systems, we generally want to control the desired properties of air such as temperature and humidity. Other desired properties include air cleanliness.Temperature and humidity are important factors that can significantly affect human comfort and productivity. HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfortable indoor temperature and humidity levels.

This is achieved through the use of temperature and humidity sensors, which measure the temperature and humidity of the air and adjust the HVAC system accordingly to maintain the desired levels. Air cleanliness is another important factor that needs to be controlled in HVAC systems. Airborne particles such as dust, allergens, and microorganisms can have a significant impact on indoor air quality and can cause respiratory problems. To maintain air cleanliness, HVAC systems use air filters, which capture airborne particles and prevent them from circulating in the air.

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the more ______ an object has, the stronger its gravitational force will be. BRUH IM SO CONFUSSSEEEDDDD :(

Answers

Answer:

mass

Explanation:

Possessing a single copy of the HbS allele has been shown to provide some resistance to infection by Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. Which of the following individuals represented in the pedigree would have the greatest selective advantage in an area where malaria is common?

Answers

The individual with the greatest selective advantage in an area where malaria is common would be III, who possesses a single copy of the HbS allele, option (c) is correct.

The HbS allele confers some resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection, the parasite that causes malaria. In heterozygous individuals (carrying one copy of the HbS allele), the red blood cells may become sickled in response to infection, which hampers the parasite's ability to survive and reproduce.

This resistance increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction for individuals carrying the HbS allele in malaria-endemic regions. In contrast, individuals without the HbS allele (such as I, II, and V) do not possess this resistance and are more susceptible to malaria, option (c) is correct.

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The correct question is:

Possessing a single copy of the HbS allele has been shown to provide some resistance to infection by Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. Which of the following individuals represented in the pedigree would have the greatest selective advantage in an area where malaria is common?

a. I

b. II

c. III

d. V

Bats use ultrasound to locate their prey. A bat emits a high-frequency sound, which reflects off a nearby moth. The reflected waves are detected by the bat after 0.04 seconds. How far away is the moth? The speed of sound in air is 330m/s.

Answers

The distance  of moth can be calculated as 330m/s × 0.04 seconds

Hence the distance is 13.2 meters.

The bats uses ultrasound to snap a prey with the help of reflection of sound waves. The bats produce the ultrasonic wave that gets echoed from the prey and approaches to the bats' ears. This helps the bat to find out the distance of the prey.

Bat uses to emit high-frequency ultrasonic waves which are too high for the  humans to hear. These process in called as echolocation organ named  cochlea, a large spiral cavity in the inner ear, is sensitive to a broad hearing range and finely tuned for the returning echoes.

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someone please help it’s due in 10 minutes

someone please help its due in 10 minutes

Answers

Answer:

the answer is D good luck

Answer:

bilateral symmetry

Explanation:

FILL IN THE BLANK. the tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological ________.

Answers

The tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological Magnification.

The term "biological magnification" is frequently used to describe the process by which certain substances, such as heavy metals or pesticides, enter lakes, rivers, and oceans and then move up the food chain in progressively higher concentrations as they are incorporated into the diet of aquatic organisms like zooplankton. These aquatic organisms may then be consumed by larger fish, larger birds, animals, or humans. As they move up the chain, the substances become increasingly concentrated in tissues or internal organs. Because they are metabolized or excreted very slowly, bioaccumulates are substances that accumulate in living things as they consume contaminated food, water, or air.

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Rickettsias and chlamydias are similar in beinga. free of a cell wallb. the cause of eye infectionsc. carried by arthropod vectorsd. obligate intracellular bacteria

Answers

Rickettsia and Chlamydia are similar in that they are obligate intracellular bacteria. This means that they require a host cell in order to survive and replicate.

They cannot reproduce outside of a host cell, and therefore must infect other cells in order to continue their life cycle. Additionally, both Rickettsias and chlamydias are often carried by arthropod vectors, such as ticks, mites, and lice, which transmit the bacteria from one host to another. While both types of bacteria can cause eye infections, this is not a defining characteristic of either group.

Finally, it is worth noting that while Rickettsias and chlamydias share some similarities, there are also many differences between the two, such as their morphology, genetic makeup, and clinical manifestations. So, to sum up, the long answer to your question is that Rickettsias and chlamydias are similar in being obligate intracellular bacteria that are often carried by arthropod vectors.

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what is pyrenoid?

good morning ​

Answers

Answer:

The pyrenoid, a dense structure inside or beside chloroplasts of certain algae, consists largely of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, one of the enzymes necessary in photosynthesis for carbon fixation and thus sugar formation. Starch, a storage form of glucose, is often found around pyrenoids.

Describe the weather factors that are important in determining where plants and animals can exist in an area.

Answers

Answer:

rain is very important for life in certain areas, this is why you see little life in deserts and even they need rain occasionally. more rain will lead to more life, first, it will be the plants that move in, then once they grow, vegetation eaters will move in, then after that meat-eaters will move in to eat those creatures and the ecosystem will flourish.

Another term for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
A. The Calvin Cycle

B. Cellular respiration

C. The nitrogen cycle

Answers

Answer:

A. The Calvin Cycle

Explanation:

The Calvin Cycle is the another term for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

how do veins differ arteries and capilleries in their structure and function

Answers

Hello,

Vascular smooth muscle (VSM), which is present in ALL arteries regardless of size, has a different role depending on the kind of artery. Similar to a stretched rubber band returning to its original size, a major conduit artery like the aorta has a lot of elastic tissue inside of it, which enables it to expand during systole and then elastically recoil to shrink back to its original diameter during diastole. This function smooths out the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures during each cardiac cycle, preventing systemic blood pressure from experiencing as much variation in pressure as the Because of this, we refer to the major arteies as acting as a pressure reservoir.

The VSM becomes increasingly significant as arteries narrow, and by the time you reach the arterioles, the so-called resistance vessels, you have VSM capable of causing significant changes in artery width. This is what regulates blood pressure and blood flow to certain tissues. Both the autonomic nervous system and regional cues from the tissue being fed play a complicated role in controlling artery VSM.

Capillaries are just a single layer of endothelial cells backed by some basement membrane; they lack a VSM and elastic tissue. Due to their extreme thinness, they serve their primary purpose as exchange vessels, which allows for the quick exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases (O2, CO2). functioning as a pressure reservoir.

Veins serve as a large volume reservoir for the cardiovascular system because they have less elastic tissue than arteries and are more compliant (they stretch easier). In fact, the venous system contains around 70% of all blood volume at any given time. Veins are therefore referred to as "capacitance vessels" for this reason. Veins also have autonomic-controlled VSM that can contract, sending more blood back to the heart so that more can be put into the arterial system—for example, during emergency situations like major blood loss or during exercise. This volume reservoir can be used as needed. Return of blood to the heart (so-called venous return) is also helped by veins' compliance--as muscles contract, they can easily squeeze the veins, to propel blood back to the heart, and their one-way valves ensure that the flow goes one way.

Thanks,
Eddie

Answer:

Explanation:

Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins return blood back toward the heart. Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances. The capillaries also connect the branches of arteries and to the branches of veins.

There are 3 origins for the triceps brachii, but only one insertion. Where is the insertion?
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
None of the above

Answers

Answer:

The insertion of the triceps brachii muscle is the ulna.

Explanation:

The triceps brachii muscle is a large muscle located at the back of the upper arm. It is responsible for extending the elbow joint and involves various movements, including pushing and pulling. The muscle has three heads or origins: the long head, lateral head, and medial head, but all three of these heads converge into a single tendon, which attaches to the ulna bone in the forearm. Therefore, the insertion of the triceps brachii muscle is the ulna.

If you are going to allow a population of mice to randomly mate for 5 generations and you want to limit inbreeding to a maximum of 14.678481% after generation 5 (assuming you started with zero inbreeding), how many males do you need if you have 20 females?

a) 5

b) 10

c) 50

d) 2

e) 8

Answers

The answer is (b) 10. To limit inbreeding to a maximum of 14.678481% after 5 generations, we need to calculate the expected amount of inbreeding in each generation and then adjust the number of males to add to the population accordingly.

The expected amount of inbreeding in each generation can be calculated using the formula:

Expected inbreeding = (1 - (1/2)^(generation/2)) * (1 - (1/2)^(generation/2)^2) * ... * (1 - (1/2)^(generation/2)^(14))

Substituting the value of generation=5 gives:

Expected inbreeding = (1 - (1/2)^5) * (1 - (1/2)^5)^2 * ... * (1 - (1/2)^5)^(14)

= 0.81924005762932

The maximum amount of inbreeding allowed is 14.678481%. Substituting this value gives:

Maximum inbreeding = 14.678481 / 0.81924005762932

= 17.5937535396166

Therefore, to limit inbreeding to a maximum of 14.678481% after 5 generations, we need to add at least 17.5937535396166 males to the population.

Solving for the number of males needed if we have 20 females, we get:

17.5937535396166 = (20 * 1 - 14.678481) / 20

= 3.45344278981875

Rounding to the nearest whole number, we get:

The number of males needed is 3.

Therefore, the answer is (b) 10.

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The graph shows changes to a population over time. Four points on the graph are
identified by number. Which number indicates that the population is growing at its
fastest rate?

The graph shows changes to a population over time. Four points on the graph areidentified by number.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

2 because it's going upward.

List three things you might say or do for someone who is leaving your residence impaired and insists on driving home.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

1. Offer to drive them home

2. Call a ride - taxis, ubers, ride sharing services

3. Offer them to stay the night at your house

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