The CO ligands in the molecule Ni(CO)4 could have two possible geometries – a tetrahedral arrangement of carbon monoxides around the central nickel atom, or a square planar geometry in which all of the atoms are in the same plane and all of the C-Ni-C angles are 90º. For each geometry, determine the following:(a) What is its point group?(b) Write the reducible representation for the C-O stretching vibrational modes. (Hint: For the square planar form, C2' and sv pass through CO ligands, whereas C2" and sd are between them.)(c) Use the reduction formula to determine the irreducible representations for the C-O stretching vibrational modes.(d) Which of the C-O stretching vibrational modes are allowed in the infrared spectrum, and how many absorptions could potentially be observed?(e) Which modes are allowed in the Raman spectrum, and how many emissions could potentially be observed?
Answers
a) The point group is D₄h. b) irreducible representations in tetrahedral is Γ = 4A + 2E and square planar is Γ = 2A₁g + B₁g + B₂g + 2Eg, c) Using reduction, for the tetrahedral are 3F + 1T, for the square planar are A₁g + B₁g + B₂g + Eg d) the allowed modes in infrared are Eg e) Raman spectra are A₁g, B₁g.
a) For the tetrahedral geometry, the point group is Td, while for the square planar geometry, the point group is D₄h.
b) For the tetrahedral geometry, the reducible representation for the C-O stretching vibrational modes is Γ = 4A + 2E. For the square planar geometry, it is Γ = 2A₁g + B₁g + B₂g + 2Eg.
c) Using the reduction formula, we can determine the irreducible representations for the C-O stretching vibrational modes for each geometry. For the tetrahedral geometry, the irreducible representations are Γ = 3F + 1T. For the square planar geometry, the irreducible representations are Γ = A₁g + B₁g + B₂g + Eg
d) For the tetrahedral geometry, all four C-O stretching vibrational modes are allowed in the infrared spectrum, so there will be four absorptions. For the square planar geometry, only the Eg mode is allowed in the infrared spectrum, so there will be one absorption.
e) For the tetrahedral geometry, all four C-O stretching vibrational modes are Raman active, so there will be four emissions. For the square planar geometry, the A₁g and B₁g modes are Raman active, so there will be two emissions.
For the square planar geometry:
The reducible representation for all of the atomic motions for Ni(CO)₄ is Γ = 9A₁g + 6A₂g + 6B₁g + 9B₂g + 12Eg + 12T₁u + 12T₂u.
Using the reduction formula and the character table, we can determine the irreducible representations for the vibrational modes. The A₁g, B₁g, and B₂g modes are infrared active, so there will be three absorptions.
The A₁g, B₁g, modes are Raman active, so there will be two emissions.
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Related Questions
Lost when 18. 0 g of ethanol, c2h5oh , cools from 63. 5 ∘c to -47. 0 ∘c
Answers
The heat lost by 18.0 g of ethanol during cooling from 63.5 °C to -47.0 °C is approximately -4,193.76 J (or 4.19 kJ, rounded to two decimal places).
The temperature change and the mass of the substance are given. To calculate the heat lost by ethanol during cooling, we can use the formula:
q = mcΔT
where:
q = heat lost or gained (in joules)
m = mass of the substance (in grams)
c = specific heat capacity of the substance (in J/g·°C)
ΔT = change in temperature (in °C)
First, we need to determine the specific heat capacity of ethanol. The specific heat capacity of ethanol is approximately 2.44 J/g·°C.
Next, let's calculate the heat lost by the given mass of ethanol during cooling.
Step 1: Convert the mass of ethanol to grams.
The given mass is already in grams, so no conversion is needed.
Step 2: Calculate the change in temperature.
ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature
ΔT = (-47.0 °C) - (63.5 °C)
ΔT = -110.5 °C
Step 3: Plug the values into the formula and solve for q.
q = (18.0 g) × (2.44 J/g·°C) × (-110.5 °C)
q ≈ -4,193.76 J
Therefore, the heat lost by 18.0 g of ethanol during cooling from 63.5 °C to -47.0 °C is approximately -4,193.76 J (or 4.19 kJ, rounded to two decimal places). Note that the negative sign indicates heat loss.
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an amount of 98.6 g of nacl is dissolved in enough water to form 875 ml of solution. estimate the mass % of the solution (the density of the solution is 1.06 g/ml). a) 11.3% b) 12.7% c) 9.4% d) 10.6% e) 11.9%
Answers
Density of solution = 1.06 g/mL
Therefore, mass of 875 mL of solution = 875 * 1.06 = 927.5 g
Given mass of NaCl in the solution = 98.6 g
Therefore, the percentage by mass of the solution = (mass of NaCl / mass of solution) × 100= 98.6 / 927.5 × 100 = 10.63 % ≈ 10.6 %
Hence, option d is the correct answer.
An amount of 98.6 g of NaCl is dissolved in enough water to form 875 mL of solution. The mass of the solution is 927.5 g. The percentage by mass of the solution is 10.6 %. Therefore, the correct option is d.
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What is the strongest type of intermolecular force that exists between these two molecules?
Answers
Hydrogen Bonding is the strongest intermolecular force of attraction between two molecules.
An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.
Intermolecular forces are weak relative to intramolecular forces – the forces which hold a molecule together. For example, the covalent bond, involving sharing electron pairs between atoms, is much stronger than the forces present between neighboring molecules. Both sets of forces are essential parts of force fields frequently used in molecular mechanics.
The investigation of intermolecular forces starts from macroscopic observations which indicate the existence and action of forces at a molecular level. These observations include non-ideal-gas thermodynamic behaviour reflected by virial coefficients, vapour pressure, viscosity, superficial tension, and absorption data.
Attractive intermolecular forces are categorized into the following types:
Hydrogen bondingIon–dipole forces and ion–induced dipole forcesVan der Waals force – Keesom force, Debye force, and London dispersion forceLearn more about Hydrogen bonding here : https://brainly.com/question/12798212
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A glacier moving a boulder is an example of
A glacier moving a boulder is an example of
ice wedging
weathering
erosion
landslide
Answers
A glacier moving a boulder is an example of erosion.
There are two basic ways that glaciers generate erosion: pulling and abrasion. A glacier picks up boulders and other sediments through the process of plucking. They sink to the glacier's base and are swept away by the moving ice. A glacier scrapes the underlying rock through the process of abrasion.
The process of a glacier scraping underlying rock is called abrasion. A glacier's sides and bottom include silt and boulders that have been frozen in the ice and function as sandpaper. They destroy the rock. They might also leave dings and grooves that indicate the glacier's motion.
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Question 8 of 30
What is the product(s) of the reaction below?
CaO(s) + H₂O() → Ca(OH)2(s)
Answers
Answer:
The product of the reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H₂O) is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), which is a solid.
if a steel spoon were to be plated with silver, state what would be suitable as the anode, cathode, electrolyte
Answers
Answer:
tae hahahah joke lang hindi ko alam ehh
Why does the salt reappear when the water ?
Answers
Answer:
Explain that as the water evaporates, water molecules go into the air. The water molecules that evaporate become a gas called water vapor. Only the water evaporates, leaving the sodium and chloride ions behind. The sodium and chloride ions attract each other and re- form salt crystals.
Hope this helps!! :D
Choose the orbital containing the electron farthest from the nucleus in the following atoms. You will need a periodic table.
s
d
p
f
Answers
Orbital is the region is space where there is a high probability of finding an electron in an atom.
The orbitals farthest from the nucleus in the under listed atoms are the valence orbitals.
Ca - s orbital
Tc - s orbital
Br - p orbital
Cf - s orbital
V - s orbital
Fr - s orbital
Np - s orbital
Rn - p orbital
It must be noted that when the d orbitals are filled, they become lower in energy than the 4s orbitals. the empty 3d orbitals are higher in energy than 4s but the filled 3d level is lower in energy than the 4s level.
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What are some questions about light pollution?
Answers
Answer:
is there a way of reducing light pollution at the edges of a forest work?
Balance the chemical equation
__H2O -> __ H2 + __ O2
Answers
Answer:
2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + 1 O₂
Explanation:
There are 2 hydrogen atoms on both the sides of the equation. However there is 1 oxygen atom on the left side and 2 oxygen atoms on the right side. So we multiply the 1 atom with 2 to get two oxygen atoms. The equation would look like this:
2 H₂O → 1 H₂ + 1 O₂
Now if you check whether both the sides has equal number of elements, on the left side hydrogen has 4 hydrogen atoms and the right side has 2. Therefore we multiply it with 2 because that gives 4. Thus the equation is balanced.
You have two cubes. They are the same size. They are both painted
white. One is iron, the other copper. What is the best way to determine
which is which?
Answers
You can determine which is which by weighting them
Copper usually weighs heavier than iron, so if you weigh them both on the scale, the heavier one would be the copper cube
Hope this helped!
Explanation: Copper is more dense than Iron so the cube that is heavier (or more massive) should be Copper, and the lighter cube, Iron.
You take 1.00 L of a 0.500 M solution of nitric acid, and dilute to a final volume of 2.00 L. What is the concentration of the diluted solution
Answers
Answer:
Use the formula C1V1 = C2V2
We have the initial concentration and volume
C1= 0.5 M
V1 = 1.00 L
We also have the final volume
V2 = 2.00L
C2 = ?
Rearrange the formula to find C2:
(C1 x V1) / V2 = C2
(0.5 x 0.1) / (2) = 0.25 M
Therefore the concentration of the final solution is 0.25 M.
this is used to apply the neutralizing solution during chemical texture services
Answers
The Applicator Brush is a vital tool used during chemical texture services, specifically when applying the neutralizing solution. An applicator brush is an essential tool in chemical texture services. It is used to apply the neutralizing solution, which stabilizes the hair's structure and sets the desired texture in place, ensuring a professional and even result.
In a chemical texture service, the hair undergoes a process that involves breaking and reforming the disulfide bonds in the hair structure, which helps to achieve a desired texture, such as curls or straight hair. The process typically consists of two main steps: the application of the waving solution (for curls) or relaxing solution (for straightening), followed by the neutralizing solution.
The neutralizing solution plays a crucial role in stabilizing the hair's structure and setting the new texture in place. It does this by neutralizing the effects of the first solution and rebalancing the pH level of the hair.
To apply the neutralizing solution, an applicator brush is used. This tool is designed to ensure that the solution is distributed evenly throughout the hair, preventing any inconsistencies in the final texture. It typically features a long handle and bristles that allow for precision and control when applying the product.
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(04.01 LC)
Match each term to its meaning. (3 points)
Substance at the beginning of a reaction
[Choose ]
Substance at the end of a reaction
[Choose]
Number placed before a compound in a
chemical equation
[Choose ]
Answers
Answer:
Substance at the beginning of a reaction- reactant
Substance at the end of a reaction- product
Number placed before a compound in a chemical equation- stoichiometric coefficient
Explanation:
In a reaction equation, the species written on the left hand side of the equation are called the reactants.
The reactants combine to form the species on the right hand side of the reaction equation called products.
The stoichiometric coefficient is a number written before the formula of a compound in the reaction equation.
The Position Of An Object Free-Falling In Air Is Observed To Fit The Following Expression: \[ X=V_{0}\Left(T-T_{0}+T_{0} E^{-T / T_{0}}\Right) \] Where \( T_{0} \) Is Some Constant Reference Time, And \( V_{0} \) Is A Constant Characteristic Velocity, Also Known As The Terminal Velocity, Related To The Shape Of The Object. A) Find the expression for the velocity of the object. Why is vo called the terminal velocity?b) Find the expression for the acceleration of the object as a function of time, t. C) Find the expression for the acceleration of the object as a function of its velocity, v
Answers
According to the position of an object in free fall in the air, we answer the questions according to the expression mentioned above.
A) The expression for the velocity of the object can be found by taking the derivative of the position expression with respect to time. This gives:
\(\[ V=\frac{dX}{dT}=V_{0}\left(1-E^{-T / T_{0}}\Right) \]\)
The term \(\( V_{0} \)\) is called the terminal velocity because it represents the maximum velocity that the object can reach as it falls. As time goes on, the velocity approaches this value, but never exceeds it.
B) The expression for the acceleration of the object can be found by taking the derivative of the velocity expression with respect to time. This gives:
\(\[ A=\frac{dV}{dT}=V_{0}\left(\frac{E^{-T / T_{0}}}{T_{0}}\Right) \]\)
C) The expression for the acceleration of the object as a function of its velocity can be found by rearranging the velocity expression and then substituting it into the acceleration expression. This gives:
\(\[ T=-T_{0}\ln\left(1-\frac{V}{V_{0}}\right) \]\)
\(\[ A=V_{0}\left(\frac{E^{-T / T_{0}}}{T_{0}}\Right)=V_{0}\left(\frac{1-\frac{V}{V_{0}}}{T_{0}}\Right)=\frac{V_{0}-V}{T_{0}} \]\)
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Identify two reasons why the relative size of an atom become smaller due to the loss of electrons .
Answers
Answer:
nucleus as electrons are being added to the same principal energy level. These electrons are gradually pulled closer to the nucleus because of its increased positive charge. Since the force of attraction between nuclei and electrons increases, the size of the atoms decreases.
Explanation:
Nuclear attractive pull to the electrons results in smaller atomic radius. Two reasons that leads the size of an atom smaller by electron loss are nuclear pulling and emptying outermost orbital.
Why atomic radius reduces by electron loss?
The nucleus have a net positive charge and electrons are negative in charge, thus, each electron experience a nuclear attractive pull. However, each electrons are shielded slightly from this attraction by the surrounding electrons.
The reasons which make the atomic radius smaller are the following.
By losing electrons the total number of electron is reducing therefore, the screening or shielding of an electron by other electron from the nuclear attractive pulling reduces, and thus due to the nuclear attraction, the orbitals shrinks inwards and reduces the atomic size. By losing electron from the outermost orbital if it contains only one electron then the orbital becomes empty and the atomic radius shrinks to the penultimate shell or orbital.
Therefore, due the two reasons mentioned above, the atomic radius reduces by electron loss.
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Students investigated the reaction between a strip of zinc and excess hydrochloric acid.
They monitored the volume of hydrogen produced every 15 seconds.
The conical flask was placed in a water bath at 20°C.
The students plotted a graph of their mean results.
The students tested the gas produced during the reaction
Describe the test for hydrogen gas.
Answers
Answer:
84
Explanation:
Which element has a greater Ist ionization energy, Phosphorus or Fluorine?
Answers
Answer:
phosphorus
Explanation:
anyone have any ideas on what i should draw for my art project please let me know
Answers
Answer:
A pumpkin or a deer cus it's hunting season
Birds, Scenerys, Fish, Planets, Seas, Trees, Butterflys, BTS, Fruits, Cactus! Drawing Ideas: Imagination
Draw an object and give it a face.
Create an alternate cover to your favorite book or album.
Illustrate a scene from your favorite song.
Draw a scene or character from your favorite book.
Illustrate your favorite fairy-tale.
Invent your own insects.
Draw an intricate made up flower.
Hope this helps!
Which of the following best explains why the atomic mass on the Periodic Table is a decimal.
Answers
Hope it helps :)
A molecule is found to contain 47. 35% c, 10. 60% h, and 42. 05% o. What is the empirical formula for this molecule?.
Answers
The empirical formula for the molecule containing 47.35% C, 10.60% H, and 42.05% O is CH2O.
To determine the empirical formula, the percentage composition of each element must first be converted to moles. This is done by dividing the mass of each element by its molar mass and multiplying by the total moles in the compound. The total moles in the compound can be determined by dividing the molar mass by the molecular mass. The molecular mass of the compound is calculated by adding the atomic masses of each element together.
Once the moles of each element have been determined, the relative numbers of each element in the compound can be determined by dividing the moles of each element by the total moles in the compound. The empirical formula of the compound is then determined by dividing each element’s relative number by the smallest integer that will yield whole numbers. In this case, the smallest integer for C is 1, for H is 2, and for O is 1, yielding a molecular formula of CH2O.
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You have 150 g sugar solution the percent by mass of the solute sugar is 15% how many grams of sugar are there in the solution
Answers
Answer:
B George Washington
Explanation:
Hope it helps
Which species will have the strongest mass shift on a magnetic susceptibility balance?.
Answers
O2 is the correct answer.
Explanation:
On a magnetic susceptibility balance, the O2 species will have the strongest mass shift since stronger paramagnetic species will have a larger mass shift.
The oxygen atoms in the O2 species are paramagnetic because unpaired electrons rotate in the same direction, increasing the magnetic field force. As a result, the oxygen atoms with two unpaired electrons will exhibit the largest mass shift on a magnetic susceptibility balance.
The magnitude of the mass shift is -O2, which increases with species paramagneticity. The mass shift increases with species paramagneticity. Therefore, on a magnetic susceptibility balance, oxygen will have the highest mass shift since it has two unpaired electrons in the molecular orbital diagram.
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The Ksp of beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)₂, is 6.92 x 10-22. Calculate the solubility of this compound in grams per liter. solubility: 5.57 X10-8 Incorrect
Answers
The solubility of beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)₂, can be calculated using the given Ksp value of 6.92 x 10⁻²².
Solubility is the maximum amount of a compound that can dissolve in a given solvent. To find the solubility in grams per liter (g/L), we use the Ksp equation and consider the concentration of Be(OH)₂ in moles per liter.
The Ksp expression becomes 4x³, where x represents the concentration of OH⁻ ions. Solving for x gives approximately 1.78 x 10⁻⁸ mol/L.
Multiplying this by the molar mass of Be(OH)₂ (43.03 g/mol) yields a solubility of around 7.66 x 10⁻⁷ g/L.
Therefore, the solubility of beryllium hydroxide is approximately 7.66 x 10⁻⁷ grams per liter.
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1.5 moles of Al is how many
atoms?
Answers
Answer:
9.03 × 10²³ atomsExplanation:
The number of atoms of Al can be found by using the formula
N = n × Lwhere n is the number of moles
N is the number of entities
L is the Avogadro's constant which is
6.02 × 10²³ entities
From the question we have
N = 1.5 × 6.02 × 10²³
We have the final answer as
9.03 × 10²³ atomsHope this helps you
A 2. 50-L volume of hydrogen meaured at –196 °C i warmed to 100 °C. Calculate the volume of the ga at the higher temperature, auming no change in preure
Answers
Considering no change of pressure, the size of the gas at the high temp is 12.09L.
What occurs when the pressure varies?The equilibrium will move to the side where there are less moles of gas as pressure rises. The equilibrium will move toward the reactants side where there are more gas molecules when the pressure is reduced.
Briefing :
To solve this we assume that the hydrogen gas is an ideal gas. Then, we can use the ideal gas equation which is expressed as PV = nRT. At a constant pressure and number of moles of the gas the ratio T/V is equal to some constant. At another set of condition of temperature, the constant is still the same. Calculations are as follows:
T1 / V1 = T2 / V2
V2 = T2 x V1 / T1
V2 = (100 + 273.15) K x 2.50 L / (-196 + 273.15) K
V2 = 12.09 L
Therefore, the volume would increase to 12.09 L as the temperature is increased to 100 degrees Celsius.
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What happens to Hydrogen molecules after the light reaction in photosynthesis? Hydrogen is released into the atmosphere Hydrogen bonds with Carbon Dioxide to form glucose Hydrogen bonds with Oxygen to form water.
Answers
Photosyntheis is a biochemical reaction that combines chemicals with biological species to produce energy. Atoms of hydrogen bond with carbon to form glucose.
What are the reactants and the products of the light reaction?Carbon dioxide and hydrogen are the reactants that are used from the environment by the plants to make energy. Glucose and oxygen are the products.
The hydrogen atoms from the environment are absorbed by the plants and are combined with the carbon dioxide to yield glucose or sugar molecules for energy.
Therefore, option B. hydrogen and carbon dioxide react to produce glucose.
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Drag and drop each phrase below the type of weathering it describes.
A. does not change rock composition B. oxidabon C. abrasion D. changes rock composition E. acid rain F. ice wedging
Mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering
Answers
Answer:
Mechanical weathering
A. does not change rock composition
C. abrasion
F. ice wedging
Chemical weathering
B. oxidabon
D. changes rock composition
E. acid rain
Explanation:
In the column of mechanical weathering folowing points came does not change rock composition, ice wedging and abrasion.
What is weathering?Weathering is a phenomenon in which break down or cracking of rocks takes place due to various reasons.
If weathering is done by physical process without changing the composition and nature of rock, then it is known as mechanical weathering. Examples of mechanical weathering are:Abrason is a kind of mechanical weathering as in this proces due to rubbing of a rack againt abother object causes weathering. And ice wedging is also a mechanical weathering because of the expansion of water it takes place.
If weathering is done by chemical process by changing the composition and nature of rock, then it is known as chemical weathering. Examples of chemical weathering are:Acid rain and oxidabon is a process in which rock changes its structure due to chemical reaction.
Hence division of weathering is done above properly.
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why does potassium explode when exposed to water?
Answers
Answer:
The highly unstable pure sodium or potassium wants to lose an electron and this splits the water atom, producing a negatively charged hydroxide ion and hydrogen and forming an explosive gas that ignites.
Explanation:
___________ in the stomach are responsible for the mechanical digestion that takes place there.