the atp synthase from bovine heart mitochondria has 8 c subunits. what is the p:o ratio for nadh? use 2 significant figures

Answer:

Explanation:

where are the choices at?

Answer:

The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell. ... Signal transduction is important for cells to grow and work normally. Cells that have abnormal signaling molecules may become cancer cells. Also called cell signaling.

Egg activation, whether initiated by or independent of fertilization, induces a rise in intracellular calcium. This calcium increase often manifests as a signaling wave that traverses the egg and releases it from meiotic arrest and metabolic dormancy.

Answer:

The key difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms is how their seeds are developed. The seeds of angiosperms develop in the ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by a protective fruit. ... Gymnosperm seeds are usually formed in unisexual cones, known as strobili, and the plants lack fruits and flowers.

it doesn't matter whether you believe in it or not it still is there

Answer:

Eclipses only occur during full and new moons. Earth rotates around its axis faster than the moon. ... The moon's axis does not always align with Earth's shadow.

Explanation:

Answer:

The moon's axis does not always align with Earth's shadow.

Explanation:

The Earth goes around the Sun, while the moon goes around the Earth, so all of them lining up exactly doesn't happen that much. I also jus got it right.

Answer:

1. Condensation is the basis by which water droplets are formed both in the sky and near the ground as fog.

2. Evaporation occurs when the sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam.

3. The Earth water cycle is responsible for all the water on the Earth.

4. The water in the atmosphere usually gets into the atmosphere by the way of transpiration.

Explanation:

I hope this helps you:) I'm sorry if some of them are wrong... I did my absolute best.

Answer:

Transcription and replication are important processes that occur in cells but have distinct differences.

Similarities between transcription and replication:

1. Both transcription and replication involve the synthesis of nucleic acids. In replication, DNA is copied to produce an identical DNA molecule, while in transcription, DNA is used as a template to produce RNA.

2. Both processes occur in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, although replication also occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Differences between transcription and replication:

1. Template: In replication, the entire DNA molecule serves as the template for copying. However, in transcription, only a specific DNA segment, called a gene, serves as the template for synthesizing an RNA molecule.

2. Product: Replication results in the production of an identical DNA molecule, while transcription produces an RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template.

3. Enzymes involved: Replication requires the involvement of multiple enzymes, including DNA polymerase, helicase, and ligase. Transcription, on the other hand, involves RNA polymerase, which catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from the DNA template.

4. Base pairing: During replication, DNA bases pair with their complementary bases (A with T and C with G) to produce an exact copy. In transcription, RNA bases pair with complementary DNA bases (A with U and C with G), resulting in an RNA molecule complementary to the template DNA strand.

Overall, while transcription and replication involve the synthesis of nucleic acids, they differ in terms of their templates, products, enzymes involved, and base pairing patterns. These processes are essential for cell function and crucial in genetic information transfer and maintenance.

Explanation:

Answer:

d i think

Explanation:

When would a cell need to use active transport instead of passive transport To diffuse oxygen across the cell membrane

The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a thin selectively semi-permeable membrane which surrounds the cytoplasm, the primary function of the is to provide protection the integrity of the interior of the cell.

The cell membrane is otherwise called as multifaceted membrane that envelopes a cell's cytoplasm and help the cell to maintain the its shape.

Cell membrane is made up of Proteins and lipids where the mix or ratio of proteins and lipids can vary depending on the function of a specific cell.

Phospholipids are the most important components of cell membranes which are arrange to form a lipid bilayer and certain substances can diffuse through the membrane to the cell's interior.

some cell organelles are surrounded by cell membranes, The nucleus and mitochondria have its own membrane.

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Temperature is a unit used to convey hotness or coldness on any of a number of measures, including Fahrenheit and Celsius.

The physical concept of temperature conveys in numerical form how heated or chilly something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature.

Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which traditionally defined different reference points and thermometric substances. The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, also known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being primarily used for research reasons. One of the seven basic values in the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).

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where is the question tho?

Answer:

The polymer for monossacharide is carbohydrate. The polymer for amino acid is protein, the polymer for triglyceride is lipid and the polymer for nucleic acid are DNA and RNA

Explanation:

Macromolecule or “big molecule” in living things are consist of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleid acid. Each macromolecule is called as polymer.

A polymer is made up of monomers. In other words, the monomer is a single molecule. As the monomers join together the polymer will be formed.

Macromolecule of carbohydrate is made up of numerous monomers of monosaccharide, such as glucose, galactose and fructose.

Macromolecule of protein is made up of numerous monomers of amino acid

Types of macromolecule of lipid include triglyceride, phospholipids and steroid. Triglyceride are formed by one glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

Types of nucleic acid are DNA and RNA. The macromolecule of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) are made up of nucleotides.

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Answer: its C!

Explanation:

The effect of a country with a transitional economy on the globalization process is to further the globalization process of the global economy and accelerate global interdependence.

A transitional economy denotes an economic system undergoing a metamorphosis from a centrally controlled economy to a market-oriented one. This undertaking can be arduous and intricate, demanding considerable time for the economy to complete the full transition.

Nevertheless, the advantages of embracing a market economy can be noteworthy, encompassing amplified economic expansion, enhanced effectiveness, and heightened ingenuity.

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Explanation:

Hydra is a multicellular organism. They have a tubular body and have different sizes. They belong to Animalia kingdom and some species of hydras even indulge in relationships with unicellular algaes.

a. Catabolic reaction - breakdown of starch into glucose

b. Catabolic reaction - hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids

c. Anabolic reaction -  the disaccharide lactose formed from glucose and galactose

d. Anabolic reaction - RNA synthesis by transcription

a. Catabolic reaction - The breakdown of starch into glucose is a catabolic reaction, as it involves the breakdown of a larger molecule into smaller units.

b. Catabolic reaction - Hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids is a catabolic reaction, as it involves breaking down proteins into their smaller components, amino acids.

c. Anabolic reaction - The formation of the disaccharide lactose from glucose and galactose is an anabolic reaction, as it involves building a larger molecule from smaller units.

d. Anabolic reaction - RNA synthesis by transcription is an anabolic reaction, as it involves the formation of a larger molecule, RNA, from smaller units, nucleotides.

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Answer:

pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity. Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature. Enzyme concentration: Increasing enzyme concentration will speed up the reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to.

Hope this helps and if this is wrong sorry!!!

Answer:

Reduction of bacterial growth

Explanation:

The major advantage of food processing by addition of chemicals is to reduce the bacterial growth which makes the food to get spoilt after a period of time, but with food processing, the growth of the bacteria is reduced which lets it go quite a long time preserved without spoiling.

Answer:its B my doods

Explanation: I got it wrong on A and then saw the correct answer is B

Answer:

Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes are haploid cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome. ... In contrast, each egg cell, or ovum, is relatively large and non-motile.

Explanation:

Answer:

A scientific theory can come from observations, experiments, and evidence gathered through research. It is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on empirical evidence and has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through observations and experiments. The scientific method is typically used to develop and test scientific theories. It involves making observations, asking questions, formulating hypotheses, testing them through experiments, and analyzing the results to conclude.

Explanation:

A scientific theory can come from observations, experiments, and data analysis. It is based on a body of evidence and has predictive power.

A scientific theory can come from observations, experiments, and data analysis. It is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence. Theories in science are supported by empirical evidence and have predictive power.

For example, the theory of evolution in biology is supported by evidence from the fossil record, genetics, comparative anatomy, and other fields. It explains the diversity of life on Earth and makes predictions about the relationships between different species.

In physics, the theory of relativity explains the relationship between space, time, and gravity. It has been tested through experiments and observations, demonstrating its accuracy.

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Answer:

Evolution occurs due to change in the characteristics of life.

Explanation:

The shared characteristics of life provide evidence for evolution. These shared characteristics are reproduction, homeostasis, heredity, growth, development and adaptation which occurs through evolution. The evolution mainly occurs due to changing environmental conditions. Some sea organisms such as whales evolve from land animals having four legs through the process of evolution. The environment of sea is responsible for the formation of gills and other body structure in order to survive in the water.

In the DNA molecule the pairing of the nitrogenous bases is very specific. Thymine pairs with adenine; Cytosine with guanine. Other pairs are unstable and do not last long.

Answer: Thymine.

Answer:

The best description of originality is having a low probability, unique, option D is correct.

Originality refers to the quality of being novel and distinctive, and it implies that something is not derived from anything else. The more unique and uncommon an idea, creation, or expression is, the more original it is deemed to be. Originality can be measured by the probability of its occurrence.

The lower the probability of an idea or creation being generated, the more original it is. A highly original idea is not only new but also unexpected and unconventional, which makes it stand out from the norm. Originality is highly valued in fields such as art, literature, science, and technology, as it contributes to the advancement of knowledge and understanding, option D is correct.

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The correct question is:

What is the best description of originality?

A) nonobvious

B) special or interesting

C) convergent

D) having a low probability, unique

The differences in cytokinesis between plant and animal cells are driven by the contrasting cellular structures and the need to ensure proper division and maintenance of cell integrity in each cell type.

a) The main reason cytokinesis in plant cells is different from cytokinesis in animal cells is due to the structural differences between their cell walls. Plant cells have rigid cell walls made of cellulose, while animal cells lack a cell wall and instead have a flexible plasma membrane. This structural distinction necessitates different mechanisms for cytokinesis in these two cell types.

b) Processes in the two different cell types

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through a process called cleavage furrowing. During late stages of mitosis, a contractile ring composed of actin and myosin filaments forms around the equator of the cell. The contractile ring contracts, causing the plasma membrane to be pulled inward, forming a cleavage furrow. The furrow deepens until it pinches the cell into two daughter cells.

In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate. During late stages of mitosis, vesicles containing cell wall materials accumulate at the equator of the cell. These vesicles fuse together, forming a cell plate that extends across the cell. The cell plate gradually develops into a new cell wall that divides the parent cell into two daughter cells. The new cell wall is reinforced with additional layers of cellulose and other components, eventually becoming the primary cell wall of each daughter cell.

The process of cytokinesis in plant cells is more complex than in animal cells due to the requirement of building a new cell wall. This process allows plant cells to maintain their structural integrity and provide support for the entire plant structure.

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The digestive system in an amoeba is a single-celled process, while in a mouse, it involves a complex system of organs and specialized tissues for mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

An amoeba ingests food via phagocytosis, in which the cell membrane engulfs the food particle and forms a food vacuole. Enzymes are then secreted into the vacuole to break down the food. In contrast, a mouse ingests food through the mouth, where it is mechanically broken down by teeth and saliva, and then chemically broken down in the stomach and small intestine through the secretion of digestive enzymes.

The main difference between the digestion systems of an amoeba and a mouse is that an amoeba has a single cell that performs all the functions of digestion, whereas a mouse has specialized organs that perform different roles in the process of digestion. The digestive system of a mouse is adapted to break down complex food molecules into smaller units that can be absorbed and utilized by the body, while the digestive system of an amoeba is adapted to break down small food particles that can be absorbed directly into the cell.

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Answer:

Different versions of a gene are called alleles. Alleles are described as either dominant or recessive depending on their associated traits

Explanation:

Answer:

Metamorphic rock occurs when you take any other type of rock and put them under and , and they twist and meld together. ... If any type of rock experiences intense heat and cools it changes into rock.

Explanation:

Answer: Granite is an igneous rock that forms when magma cools relatively slowly underground. It is usually composed primarily of the minerals quartz, feldspar, and mica. When granite is subjected to intense heat and pressure, it changes into a metamorphic rock called gneiss. Slate is another common metamorphic rock that forms from shale.

Explanation: This is correct