Solid calcium hydroxide is dissolved inwater until the pH of the solution is 10.81.The hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] ofthe solution is1.5x10^-113.196.5x10^-49.3x10^-16

Answer:

Initial temperature = T₁ = -96.65 °C

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume = 4.5 L

Final temperature = 80°C (80+273 = 353 K)

Final volume = 9.0 L

Initial temperature = ?

Solution:

According to  Charles law, The volume of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant number of moles and pressure.

Mathematical expression:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₁ = Initial volume

T₁ = Initial temperature

V₂ = Final volume  

T₂ = Final temperature

Now we will put the values in formula.

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

T₁  = V₁ T₂/V₂

T₁  = 4.5 L × 353 K / 9.0 L

T₁  = 1588.5 L.K / 9.0 L

T₁  = 176.5 K

Kelvin to °C:

176.5 K - 273.15 = -96.65 °C

Answer:

Heat is a form of energy that gives the sensation of warmth to us.

Explanation:

Answer:

ch1206

Explanation:

it definitely is

Phases of small stars: Planetary nebula phase, White dwarf phase and Black dwarf phase. Phases of big stars: Red supergiant phase,  Supernova phase and Neutron star phase or Black Holes.

Most galaxies have stars distributed throughout them that are born within dust clouds. The Orion Nebula is a well-known illustration of a dust cloud of this type. Deep within these clouds, turbulence creates knots with enough mass for the gas and dust to start collapsing under its own gravitational pull. The material in the cloud's centre starts to heat up as it breaks up. This heated core at the centre of the collapsing cloud is referred to as a protostar and will eventually turn into a star.

The majority of the stars in the Milky Way are found in pairs or in clusters of several stars, which could be explained by the possibility that the spinning clouds of collapsing gas and dust split into two or three blobs.

The event horizon of a black hole is an area of spacetime where gravity is so intense that nothing, not even light or other electromagnetic waves, has the energy to cross it.  According to general relativity theory, a sufficiently compact mass can cause spacetime to distort and create a black hole.

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Answer:

average star → giant → planetary nebula → white dwarf

massive star → supergiant → supernova → neutron star (or black hole)

Explanation: plato

Explanation:

Good question!

When you react an acid with a base,the pH of the product is determined by the concentrations of the reactants (the acid and the base)

If both reactants (acid and base) are strong,the pH of the product is 7

If the acid is stronger than the base,the pH of the product will be less than 7

If the base is stronger,the pH of the product will be greater than 7

I hope this helps

Answer:

b. Individual atoms of argon

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

-Justin

90 cm below the height of the lens, or 270 cm behind it, the light intersects the primary axis.

The rays that are parallel to the concave mirror's main axis converge at a single spot. The focal point or focus of a concave mirror is this location.

The thin lens equation can be used to resolve this issue:

1/f = 1/di + 1/do

where f denotes the lens's focal length, di the distance of the image from the lens, and do the distance of the object from the lens.

Given that the lens's height is 180 cm, we may calculate its focal length to be f = 90 cm. The object distance from the lens is specified as do = 120 cm, while the image distance is given as di = 60 cm.

When we enter these values into the thin lens equation, we obtain:

1/90 = 1/60 + 1/do

Solving for do, we get: do = 180 cm

As a result, the image is created 180 cm from the lens. The object distance from the lens changes when the learner raises the flashlight by 30 cm, becoming:

do' = 120 + 30 = 150 cm

We can use the same equation to find the new image distance:

1/90 = 1/di' + 1/150

Solving for di', we get: di' = 270 cm

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The ones that can NOT be used as an acid-base buffer solution are 0.5 M HNO₃ and 0.5 M NaNO₃, as well as 0.3 M HCl and 0.3 M NaOH

Buffer solution is an aqueous solution that is consisted of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base OR a weak base and its conjugate acid. Its main function is to resist pH change upon the addition of a basic or acidic component(s). In other words, buffer solutions are able to maintain the pH of the solution relatively stable. It does that by absorbing excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

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Answer:

2.04 g/cm3

Explanation:

Density = mass ÷ volume

= 5100 ÷ 2500

=2.04 g/cm3

Without having access to the specific graph you are referring to, I cannot definitively determine which gas is plotted using the y-axis on the right. However, the gases you mentioned are methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is possible that the graph shows the total of all three gases as well. Please refer to the graph's labels or legend for clarification on which gas is plotted on the right y-axis.

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The pressure after the addition of argon is 4.33 atm.

To solve this problem, we can use the ideal gas law:

\(PV = nRT\)

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

First, let's find the number of moles of argon that are pumped into the container. We can use the ideal gas law to solve for n:

\(n = PV/RT\)

We are given that the initial volume and pressure of the argon are \(2.00 L and 6.77 atm\), respectively. We also know that the temperature is constant. The gas constant R is a constant value, so we can write:

\(n = (6.77 atm) x (2.00 L) / (R x T)\)

Next, let's find the total number of moles of gas in the container. We know that the container already holds 3.01 atm of neon, so we can use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles of neon:

\(n_Ne = PV / RT = (3.01 atm) x (4.66 L) / (R x T)\)

The total number of moles of gas in the container is then:

\(n_total = n_Ar + n_Ne\)

where n_Ar is the number of moles of argon that were pumped into the container.

The total pressure in the container is given by:

\(P_total = (n_total x R x T) / V_total\)

where V_total is the total volume of the container, which is the sum of the initial volume and the volume of the argon that was pumped in:

\(V_total = V_Ar + V_Ne = 2.00 L + 4.66 L = 6.66 L\)

Substituting in our values, we get:

\(P_total = [(n_Ar + n_Ne) x R x T] / V_total\)

We can now solve for the pressure after the addition of the argon by setting the total pressure equal to the pressure of the neon before the addition plus the pressure of the argon after the addition:

\(P_total = P_Ne_before + P_Ar_after\)

We know that the pressure of the neon before the addition is 3.01 atm. Substituting in our values and solving for P_Ar_after, we get:

\(P_Ar_after = P_total - P_Ne_before\)

\(P_Ar_after = [(n_Ar + n_Ne) x R x T] / V_total - P_Ne_before\)

Plugging in the values, we get:

\(P_Ar_after = [(6.77 atm x 2.00 L) / (R x T)] + [(3.01 atm x 4.66 L) / (R x T)] - 3.01 atm\)

Simplifying the expression, we get:

\(P_Ar_after = [(6.77 x 2.00) / 6.66 + (3.01 x 4.66) / 6.66] - 3.01\)

\(P_Ar_after = 4.33 atm\)

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In the decomposition reaction of heating magnesium hydroxide to produce water vapour and magnesium oxide, then the coefficients of balanced chemical reaction is 1, 1, 1.

The balanced chemical equation is defined as the equation in which the number of atoms of reactants and the product is same.

The chemical equation of decomposition reaction of heating magnesium hydroxide is

Mg(OH)2 ------- MgO + H2O

Since the atoms of Mg on reactant side is 1

The atoms of O on reactant side is 2

The atoms of O on reactant side is 2

The atoms of Mg on product side is 1

The atoms of O on product side is 2

The atoms of O on product side is 2

So above equation is balanced chemical equation.

Thus, we concluded that the coefficients of the decomposition reaction of magnesium hydroxide to produce water vapour and magnesium oxide is 1, 1, 1.

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To determine if the internal energy of a system increases or decreases, we usually analyze changes in its temperature, volume, or pressure. If the temperature rises, it signifies an increase in internal energy, and vice versa.

The diagram in question represents a decrease in the internal energy of the system. This is because the final state of the system is at a lower energy level than the initial state. In terms of the absence of work associated with the process, it is important to note that the change in internal energy of a system is determined by the heat added to or removed from the system. If there is no work involved in the process, then the heat transferred must be the only factor contributing to the change in internal energy. Therefore, if heat is added to the system, it is endothermic as the internal energy of the system increases, whereas if heat is removed from the system, it is exothermic as the internal energy of the system decreases.

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To solve this question we need to use the combined gas law:

sufix 1 reffears to the initial state and sufix 2 reffears to the final state. P is pressure, V volume and T temperature (in Kelvin). They are asking for the pressure at the final state (P2) and they give the initial conditions: P1= 1atm, V1=1L T1=25°C=298K and the final temperature T2=1000°C= 1273 K. They alse say that the Volume is fixed so V2=V1=1L. then we just have to substitute the values into the eqaution:

Then solve P2. P2 = 4.272 atm

Answer: The solid turns into liquid during melting.

Explanation:

a. The process of a solid turning into liquid is called melting. The solid ice turns into a liquid during the melting process. The solid molecules gain energy and flow as a liquid.

b. The energy of the molecules increases in the liquid state. When the ice turns into a liquid the energy of the molecules increases. The application of heat or excess temperature increases the energy of the molecules.

Answer:

Most likely a heart or lung

Explanation:

a lot of people have a lot of heart problems and hearts are the most vital organ in your body. without your heart you could not live and your heart has a tissue tear it could be lethal causing death

Answer:

B.warm water

Explanation:

well example is coffee whenever u make on u add sugar if its in your taste so u always use hot water to melt the powder substances, so since sugar melts it obviously becomes liquid so warm water should be the answer

Answer:

i believe it is titanium.

Explanation:

Answer:

2. Chromium

Explanation:

Answer:

Zebra- consumer

Tiger- consumer

Worm- decomposer

Tree-Producer

Molded bread- decomposer

Plant- producer

Answer:

Explanation:

Dandelion plant produces light and feathery seeds .

Zebra consumes / eats grass so it is a consumer .

Answer:

Option A. 3.3

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Input force = 150 N

Output force = 500 N

Mechanical advantage (MA) =.?

Mechanical advantage can be defined as force output divided by force input i.e

Mechanical advantage (MA) = force output / force input

With the above formula, we can obtain the mechanical advantage of the pulley as shown below:

Input force = 150 N

Output force = 500 N

Mechanical advantage (MA) =.?

MA = force output / force input

MA= 500/150

MA = 3.3

Thus, the mechanical advantage of the system is 3.3

Volume of hydrogen (in l) is produced is 35.20 L

Given:

moles of hcl = 3.143 mol

To Find:

volume of hydrogen

Solution:

2HCl → H2 + Cl2

STP 2*22.4L 22.4L 22.4L

2 mol 1 mol 1 mol

73 gm 2gm 35.5gm

here we can see that 2 mol hcl is producing 22.4 litres of hydrogen

So, 3.143 mol hcl will produce hydrogen = 22.4/2*3.143 = 35.20 litres

Volume of hydrogen (in l) is produced is 35.20 L

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The heat of fusion (ΔHfus) of ethyl acetate is 9.31 kJ/mol, and the temperature of freezing is -84.7°C. The change in entropy (ΔS) can be calculated using the following formula:ΔS = ΔHfus/T where ΔHfus is the heat of fusion and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The heat of fusion (ΔHfus) of ethyl acetate is 9.31 kJ/mol, and the temperature of freezing is -84.7°C. The change in entropy (ΔS) can be calculated using the following formula:ΔS = ΔHfus/T where ΔHfus is the heat of fusion and T is the temperature in Kelvin. To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15. So, T = (-84.7 + 273.15) K = 188.3 K.Substituting values,ΔS = 9.31 kJ/mol/188.3 K = 0.0493 kJ/mol K = 49.3 J/mol K. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. When a substance freezes, its entropy decreases because the molecules become more ordered. The change in entropy is calculated using the formula ΔS = ΔHfus/T, where ΔHfus is the heat of fusion, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is the change in entropy.

The heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to melt a solid into a liquid. In the case of ethyl acetate, the heat of fusion is 9.31 kJ/mol. This means that when 1 mole of ethyl acetate melts, it requires 9.31 kJ of energy. The temperature at which ethyl acetate freezes is -84.7°C. To calculate the change in entropy, we need to convert this temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15. The resulting temperature is 188.3 K. Substituting these values into the formula gives usΔS = 9.31 kJ/mol/188.3 K = 0.0493 kJ/mol K = 49.3 J/mol K. Therefore, the change in entropy when ethyl acetate freezes is 49.3 J/mol K.

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Approximately 2,000 isotopes have been identified, which highlights the importance of considering isotopes when studying the properties and behaviors of elements.

If you plotted the number of neutrons again the number of protons for all atoms listed in the periodic table of the elements, you would discover that all chemical elements have multiple isotopes. This is because isotopes are variants of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The heavier elements tend to have more neutrons than protons, which results in their larger atomic masses. Approximately 2,000 isotopes have been identified, which highlights the importance of considering isotopes when studying the properties and behaviors of elements. However, for the lighter elements, the number of protons nearly equals the number of neutrons, which is what gives them their stability and makes them abundant in nature. which is an indication of the complexity and richness of the topic of atoms and elements.

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Answer:

Scandium

Explanation:

Answer:

NO OF NEUTRON =MASS NO -ATOMIC NO

=39-19

=20

bcz atomic no is equal to no of electrons

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The transformation efficiency of E. coli HB101 using calcium chloride can vary depending on the experimental conditions and the protocol used.

However, transformation efficiency is a measure of how many bacterial cells take up the foreign DNA and become genetically transformed, usually reported as the number of transformants per microgram of DNA. To calculate the transformation efficiency of E. coli HB101 using calcium chloride, follow the 5 steps:

1. Perform a transformation experiment using E. coli HB101 and calcium chloride. This usually involves treating the bacterial cells with calcium chloride to make them more permeable to foreign DNA, then exposing them to the DNA of interest.

2. Plate the transformed cells on selective agar plates that will allow only the transformed cells to grow.

3. Count the number of transformant colonies that appear on the selective agar plates after a suitable incubation period.

4. Determine the amount of DNA (in micrograms) used in the transformation experiment.

5. Calculate the transformation efficiency by dividing the number of transformant colonies by the amount of DNA used.

The result will be in the unit of transformants per microgram of DNA. Keep in mind that the transformation efficiency can be influenced by factors such as the quality and concentration of the DNA, the bacterial strain, and the specific experimental conditions. Therefore, the transformation efficiency for E. coli HB101 using calcium chloride may differ between experiments and laboratories.

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: PM2.5 is defined as the mass concentration of particles in the air less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter.Question 15: False, carbon dioxide (CO2) is not considered a criteria air pollutant.

Question 16: The closest answer is 50%, but the exact percentage is not provided in the question.Question 17: The term "photochemical smog" is most synonymous with ozone (O3), which is a criteria air pollutant.Question 18: True, attainment of ambient air quality standards requires that measured concentrations at all monitoring stations within an air district are below ambient air standards.

Question 14 asks about the definition of PM2.5. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. It represents the mass concentration of particles suspended in the air, which are small enough to be inhaled into the respiratory system and can have adverse health effects.

Question 15 states whether carbon dioxide (CO2) is a criteria air pollutant. Criteria air pollutants are a set of pollutants regulated by environmental agencies due to their detrimental impact on air quality and human health. However, carbon dioxide is not considered a criteria air pollutant because it does not directly cause harm to human health or the environment in the same way as pollutants like ozone or particulate matter.

Question 16 asks about the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from mobile sources in Santa Clara County. While the exact percentage is not provided in the question, the closest answer option is 50%. However, it is important to note that the precise percentage may vary depending on specific local conditions and emissions sources.

Question 17 inquires about the criteria air pollutant most synonymous with the term "photochemical smog." Photochemical smog is primarily associated with high levels of ground-level ozone (O3). Ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, creating a hazy and polluted atmospheric condition.

Question 18 addresses the concept of "attainment" of ambient air quality standards. To achieve attainment, measured concentrations of pollutants at all monitoring stations within an air district must be below the established ambient air quality standards. This ensures that the air quality in the given area meets the required standards for protecting human health and the environment.

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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

7. As we move down the group more shells are added. The addition of more shells means that the atom becomes larger and the outermost electron is now at greater distance from the nucleus and screening effect becomes very important. This greater screening effect of the inner electron reduces the magnitude of effective nuclear charge on the outermost electron thereby lowering the ionization energy.

8. As we move across the period, the effective nuclear charge increases without a corresponding increase in the number of shells. As a result of this, the outermost electron becomes more tightly bound to the nucleus as the atom becomes smaller and atomic radius decreases causing a rise in the ionization energy from left to right across a period.

9. Actually, the smaller an atom is the greater its electron affinity. The smaller the atom is, the more the outermost shell is drawn closer to the nucleus and this means that the atom is better able to attract electrons to itself.

It is due to the size of atom which varies its force of attraction.

As you move down a group, the atomic radius increases due to addition of more number of shells in an atom.  This increase in atomic radius would result in a lower  ionization energy because the valance electron is farther from the nucleus and held with weak attractive force so less energy is required to remove it.

While on the other hand, as we move from left to right in a periodic table the atomic radius decreases due to addition of more electrons which shrinks the atom and brought the valance shell closer to the nucleus so it becomes harder to remove an electron because the nucleus held these electrons very tightly.

The size of an atom will affect its ability to attract additional electrons because of its force of attraction. Atoms with small radius has more ability to attract electrons due to higher force of attraction as compared to higher atomic radius atoms.

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