semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (sesam’s) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers
Answers
Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are devices used in solid-state lasers to generate pulses with durations ranging from femtoseconds to nanoseconds. These mirrors consist of a semiconductor material that can change its absorption properties based on the intensity of the incident light.
Here's how they work:
1. The SESAM is placed inside the laser cavity, between the gain medium and the output coupler mirror.
2. Initially, the SESAM's absorption is high, allowing the gain medium to build up energy.
3. When the energy reaches a certain threshold, the SESAM saturates, meaning it reduces its absorption dramatically.
4. With the SESAM in its low absorption state, the light can pass through it more easily, resulting in a high-intensity output pulse.
5. After the pulse passes, the SESAM recovers its high absorption state, ready for the next pulse.
The advantage of using SESAMs is that they provide passive mode-locking, which means they generate ultrashort pulses without the need for additional active modulation techniques. This simplifies the laser setup and improves its stability.
In conclusion, semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are important components in solid-state lasers for generating ultrashort pulses. By modulating the laser's absorption characteristics, they allow for precise control over pulse durations, ranging from femtoseconds to nanoseconds.
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Related Questions
I need help :(((((((((((
Answers
Answer:
4- false
5- false (i think..)
Explanation:
Explain tectonic factors that affect the amount of fossil fuels found in an area.
Answers
Answer:Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. The amount of fossil fuels found in an area is influenced by several tectonic factors, including:
Depositional environment: The type of depositional environment where organic material was deposited affects the type and quantity of fossil fuels that are formed. For example, organic material deposited in marine environments may form oil, while organic material deposited in peat bogs or swamps may form coal.
Tectonic setting: Tectonic activity, such as plate movements, can affect the accumulation and preservation of organic material. For example, areas with active tectonic activity may have more uplift and erosion, which can result in the destruction of organic material before it can be buried and preserved.
Sedimentary basin characteristics: The size, depth, and shape of a sedimentary basin can also affect the amount of fossil fuels that are formed. For example, large, deep basins with thick layers of sedimentary rock may have a greater potential for oil and gas formation compared to smaller, shallower basins.
Source rock properties: The properties of the source rock, such as its organic content, mineral composition, and permeability, also influence the amount and type of fossil fuels that are formed. Rocks with higher organic content and better permeability are more likely to generate and retain larger amounts of fossil fuels.
Migration pathways: Once fossil fuels are formed, they must migrate through the surrounding rock to accumulate in economically viable amounts. The presence of faults, fractures, and other permeable structures can facilitate the migration and accumulation of fossil fuels in a particular area.
In summary, the amount of fossil fuels found in an area is affected by a combination of geological and tectonic factors that influence the formation, preservation, and accumulation of organic material over millions of years.
Explanation:
What will be the extension of a spring with a spring constant of 3N/m if a 15N force is applied?
Answers
When molecules collide, _________ energy is transferred from one molecule to the next.
Answers
explanation: Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. Conduction occurs more readily in solids and liquids, where the particles are closer to together, than in gases, where particles are further apart.
At a given temperature, 3.00 m of carbon dioxide has a mass of 5.94 kg. What is the density of carbon dioxide at this temperature
Answers
Answer:
1.98 kg/m
Explanation:
5.94 divided by 3.00
Which of the following games below involves different manipulative skills like throwing and rolling and some motor skills?
Group of answer choices
target games
invasion games
striking and fielding games
physical activity
Answers
Answer:
striking and fielding
Explanation:
striking and fielding
if you are riding on a bus with a friend, you can tell you are moving by observing the motion of objects like trees and houses outside the windows. what is your frame of reference for detecting the motion of the bus?
Answers
Your frame of reference for detecting the motion of the bus is the interior of the bus itself since you are riding on the bus.
You are moving at the same velocity as the bus. Therefore, you do not sense any motion within the bus. However, the objects outside the bus, like the trees and houses, are stationary in relation to the ground. So, as the bus moves forward, these objects appear to move in the opposite direction. This is known as relative motion, where the motion of an object is observed in relation to another object.
In this case, the motion of the trees and houses are observed in relation to the bus. Hence, your frame of reference for detecting the motion of the bus is the interior of the bus, while the motion of objects outside the bus is observed relative to the bus.
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If the submarine intends to submerge to a depth of 150 m, what pressure must it be designed to withstand
Answers
Explanation:
Hydrostatic pressure, P = hdg where d is density if the liquid ( water)
P= 150m × 1000kgm-3 × 10ms-2
P= 1.5 ×10^6 Pa
2: A community is concerned about a plan to bring train service to their downtown from the
town's outskirts. The current sound intensity level, even though the rail yard is blocks away, is
70 dB downtown. The mayor assures the public that there will be a difference of only 30 dB in
sound in the downtown area. Should the townspeople be concerned?
Answers
Despite being several streets away from the rail yard, the current downtown noise level is 70 dB. The people is given assurances by the mayor that they will see a difference.
What is the sound's amplitude?The power carried via sound per unit area inside a perpendicular direction to the that region is known as sound intensity or acoustic intensity. A watt every square meter (W/m2) is indeed the SI unit for intensity, which also covers sound intensity.
How do you determine the amount of sound intensity?The following equation can be used to calculate sound intensity: I=Δp22ρvw. p stands for pressure change or amplitude. is the density of the substance through which the sound is moving, and vw is the sound's measured speed. The more intense the acoustic waves oscillation, the bigger.
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You walk 6.7 km to the east and then 10.9 km to the west.
What is your displacement from where you started?
Answers
Answer:
4.2 km West of the start
Explanation:
Displacement is a vector quatitiy which means it has direction adn magnitude. It is the distance you are at the very end of the journey from the start.
We can assign one way as a positive direction and the other a negative and then add them
I will say that West is positive and East is negative:
(10.9) + (-6.7) = 4.2km
A football player threw a football with a velocity of (3.0 m/s x + 5.0m/s y). How far did it travel horizontally?
Answers
The horizontal distance travelled by the football is 3.1 m.
What is the angle of projection of the ball?
The angle of projection of the football is calculated as follows;
tan ( θ ) = Vy / Vx
where;
Vy is the velocity of the ball in the vertical directionVx is the velocity of the ball in the horizontal directiontan ( θ ) = 5 / 3
tan ( θ ) = 1.667
θ = arc tan (1.667)
θ = 59⁰
The resultant velocity of the ball is calculated as follows;
v = √ (Vx² + Vy²)
v = √ (3² + 5²)
v = 5.83 m/s
The horizontal distance travelled by the football is calculated as follows;
x = v² sin(2θ) /g
where;
v is the resultant velocityg is acceleration due to gravityθ is the angle of projection of the ballx = [ (5.83)² sin(2 x 59) /9.8 ]
x = 3.1 m
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help please! This question is driving me crazy
Answers
Answer:
-10.8°, or 10.8° below the +x axis
Explanation:
The x component of the resultant vector is:
x = 3.14 cos(30.0°) + 2.71 cos(-60.0°)
x = 4.07
The y component of the resultant vector is:
y = 3.14 sin(30.0°) + 2.71 sin(-60.0°)
y = -0.777
Therefore, the angle between the resultant vector and the +x axis is:
θ = atan(y / x)
θ = atan(-0.777 / 4.07)
θ = -10.8°
The angle is -10.8°, or 10.8° below the +x axis.
¿Cómo
se
ajosta
o pondero un error de medicion?
Answers
Answer:
sorry do not speak Spanish so I would not be able to help you probably cannot read this but I would be happy to help you if you follow me and bake English so thank you
List and discuss 5 importances
of land-
Answers
2. Water
3. Supports wild life
4. Helps perform all economic activities
5. Gives shelter
Hope this helps if so mark me the brainiest!!
The period of the second hand on a clock is
a. 1 second
b. 60 seconds
c. 120 seconds
d. 1 hour
Answers
Answer: B
Explanation:
We know that 1 minute has 60 seconds. It can't be d because the second hand is counting minutes. Can't be c or a because that is 2 mins. So it is B
A 150g baseball rolls with exact same velocity as a 300 g soccer ball, how much more momentum does the soccer ball have?
Answers
Answer:
The momentum of the soccer ball will be twice that of the baseball.
Explanation:
If an object of mass \(m\) travels with a velocity of \(v\), the momentum \(p\) of that object will be \(p = m\, v\). Thus, if velocity is fixed, momentum will be portional to the mass of the object.
The mass of the soccer ball is twice that of the baseball: \((300 / 150) = 2\). Thus, when moving at the same velocity, momentum of the soccer ball will be twice that of the baseball.
a string is vibrating in the 3rd harmonic at a frequency of 360 hz and with a wavelength of 48 cm. what are the wavelength and frequency of the second harmonic, and the speed of each wave?
Answers
The wavelength and frequency of the second harmonic are 24 cm and 720 Hz, respectively, and the speed of each wave is 17280 cm/s.
In general, the frequency, wavelength, and speed of a wave are related by the equation:
v = fλ
where v is the speed of the wave, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength.
For the third harmonic, we know that f = 360 Hz and λ = 48 cm. Using the above equation, we can solve for the speed of the wave:
v = fλ = (360 Hz)(48 cm) = 17280 cm/s
Now, for the second harmonic, the wavelength will be half of the third harmonic wavelength, i.e., λ = (1/2)48 cm = 24 cm. To find the frequency of the second harmonic, we can use the same equation as before:
f = v/λ = (17280 cm/s)/(24 cm) = 720 Hz
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the centers of a 10 kg lead ball and a 140 g lead ball are separated by 15cm . a. What gravitational force does each exert on the other?
b. What is the ratio of this gravitational force to the gravitational force of the earth on the
Answers
The gravitational force that each of the balls exerts on the other is about 1.86 x 10⁻⁵ N. The ratio of this gravitational force to the gravitational force of the earth on the 10 kg ball is about 1.89 x 10⁻⁷
a. The force of gravity that each of the balls exerts on the other can be calculated using the formula:F = Gm1m2 / r²whereF is the force of gravityG is the universal gravitational constantm1 is the mass of the first objectm2 is the mass of the second objectr is the distance between the centers of the two objects Plugging in the values given, we get:
F = (6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²)(10 kg)(0.14 kg) / (0.15 m)²
F ≈ 1.86 x 10⁻⁵ N
Therefore, each ball exerts a force of about 1.86 x 10⁻⁵ N
on the other.b. To find the ratio of this gravitational force to the gravitational force of the earth on the 10 kg ball, we need to first calculate the gravitational force of the earth on the 10 kg ball.
This can be done using the formula:
F = mg where F is the force of gravitym is the mass of the objectg is the acceleration due to gravityPlugging in the values given, we get:
F = (10 kg)(9.81 m/s²)F ≈ 98.1 N
The ratio of the gravitational force between the two balls to the force of gravity of the earth on the 10 kg ball is:1.86 x 10⁻⁵ N / 98.1 N ≈ 1.89 x 10⁻⁷
The gravitational force that each of the balls exerts on the other is about 1.86 x 10⁻⁵ N. The ratio of this gravitational force to the gravitational force of the earth on the 10 kg ball is about 1.89 x 10⁻⁷
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Matthew walked eastward with a speed of 3.45 m/s. If it takes them 54 seconds to walk to the store, how far have they walked?
Answers
Answer:
d = 186.3 m
Explanation:
Given that,
Speed of Matthew 3.45 m/s due eastward
It takes 54 seconds to walk to the store.
We need to find the distance covered. The product of speed and time is equal to the distance covered.
d = vt
Putting all values,
d = 3.45 m/s × 54 s
d = 186.3 m
Hence, he will cover a distance of 186.3 m.
Now open this video of a man sliding across the ice. The screen shows a data table, a position against time graph, and a velocity against time graph.
Click the play button, and watch the video. Then study the position against time graph. What is the change in the motion of the man? How do you know? Is the acceleration of the man positive or negative?
Answers
Answer:
Probably late but the change in motion of the man is in his speed, I know because every 0.2 seconds, he was gaining more distance as he was the previous 0.2 seconds. His acceleration positive because he was speeding up.
Explanation:
Hope it Helps!
( I realized he started off speeding up but then started slowning down so I am confused if you get this wrong Im so sorry.)
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of the velocity of the body. The acceleration of the man is positive due to its increased velocity.
What is acceleration?Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of the velocity of the body. Its unit is m/sec².It is a vector quantity. It requires both magnitudes as well as direction to define.
The acceleration of the man is positive because acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and the velocity of the person is increasing at an equal interval of time showing that the acceleration is increasing and positive in nature.
Hence due to successive velocity, the acceleration of the man is positive.
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EASY QUESTIONS! DUE IN 15 MIN WILL MARK BRAINLIEST.
1. What is the sum of a vector 8 m south and a vector 12 m north? *
2. What is the sum of a vector 12 m north and a vector 8 m north? *
PLEASE SHOW WORK AND EXPLAIN
Answers
Explanation:
As they are in same direction, you can add them directly. And result is 12 + 8 m = 20 m North. If you use vector addition: Vectors = 12m & 8 m & angle b/w them is 0°(as both are in same direction).
helpppppppppppppppppppppppppp
Answers
Answer:
should be D
Explanation:
pls make this the brainliest
For the velocity-time graph shown, which statement describes what happens to the velocity between approximately 24 s and 25 s?
A) The lander's velocity increases away from the reference.
B) The lander's velocity decreases toward the reference.
C) The lander's velocity decreases away from the reference.
D) The lander's velocity increases toward the reference.
Answers
The velocity–time graph of the Lunar Landing Powered Descent that has a domain of 10 ≤ t ≤ 25, and a range of -2 ≤ v ≤ -40, between the 24th and the 25th seconds gives;
C) The Lander's velocity decreases away from the reference
What is a velocity–time graph?A velocity time graph is a graph that shows the variation of the velocity of an object with time.
The information with regards to the lunar landing powered descent graph are;
Coordinate points on the graph;
(10, -2); At time t = 10 seconds, the average velocity, v = 0
(10.5, -40); The velocity relative to the starting point changed and decreased from 0 m/s to -40 m/s
(15, -5); The velocity increased from -40 m/s to -5 m/s
(22, -3); The velocity increases from -5 m/s to -3 m/s
(24, -2); The velocity increases from -3 m/s to -2 m/s
(25, -15); The velocity decreases from -2 m/s to -15 m/s
Therefore, taking the reference point as the point where the velocity is zero, 0, we have that between approximately 24 seconds and 25 seconds, the Lander's velocity decreases away from the reference.
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Target zone means that is your minimum amount of work you do when training.
(1 Point)
True
False
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Target zone is generally approximatly 70% (maybe 80%) of your maximum amount of work you can do.
All indicate that the universe is
A) rotating.
B) expanding.
C) shrinking.
D) at equilibrium.
Answers
Answer:
if its talking about earth then rotate I'll say
Answer:
universe is expanding
The mass of the car is 1200 kg.
(a) Calculate, for the first 20s of the motion,
(1) the distance travelled by the car
Answers
The distance travelled by the car in the first 20 seconds of the motion is 130 m.
What is the area under speed time graph?
The area under the speed-time graph is the distance the particle travels.
The distance traveled by the car in the first 20 seconds is calculated as follows;
From the speed - time graph, at 20 seconds, the speed of the car is 13 m/s.
Distance = area of the graph = area of triangle formed from time, 0 s to 20 seconds.
Distance = ¹/₂bh
where;
b is the base of the triangle formed = 20 s - 0 s = 20 sh is the height of the triangle formed = 13 m/sSubstitute the given parameters and solve for the distance traveled by the car.
Distance = ¹/₂bh
Distance = ¹/₂(20)(13)
Distance = 130 m
Thus, the distance travelled by the car in the first 20 seconds of the motion is 130 m.
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The missing graph is in the image attached.
The arrow in the photo represents a force.
Which force is equal but opposite to the one shown?
A. The force of air resistance that acts on the ball
B. The force that the elephant applies to the ball
C. The force that the floor applies to the ball
D. The force of gravity that acts on the ball
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
the force the elephant applies to the ball
A wire carrying a 35.0 A current passes between the poles of a strong magnet such that the wire is perpendicular to the magnet's field, and there is a 2.55 N force on the 3.00 cm of wire in the field. What is the average field strength (in T) between the poles of the magnet
Answers
Answer:
7.65 T
Explanation:
From the question,
Using,
F = BILsinФ......................... Equation 1
Where F = Force, B = magnetic field strength, I = current, L = Length, Ф = Angle.
Make B the subject of the equation
B = F/ILsinФ........................Equation 2
Given: F = 2.55 N, I = 32 A, L = 3.00 cm = 0.03 m, Ф = 90° (perpendicular)
Substitute into equation 2
B = 2.55/(32×0.03×sin90°)
B = 2.55/0.96
B = 7.65 T
A motor with a power of 7.0 × 104 watts lifts a loaded elevator to a height of 20.00 meters for 40 seconds. what is the force exerted by the motor on the elevator? a. 1.4 × 104 newtons b. 7.0 × 104 newtons c. 1.4 × 105 newtons d. 2.1 × 105 newtons e. 3.5 × 105 newtons
Answers
Answer:
c. 1.4×10^5 N
Explanation:
Work is the product of power and time. It is also the product of force and distance. We can equate these two products to find the distance.
__
Wt = Fd
(7.0×10^4 N·m/s)(40 s) = F(20 m)
F = (7.0×10^4)(40/20) N = 1.4×10^5 N
The force exerted by the motor is 1.4×10^5 newtons.
A red plastic buggy car can cover 60cm in 3 seconds. A little blue plastic buggy car can cover 240cm in 8 seconds. The two buggies are placed at the same starting line, pointed in the same direction at the same time. Find the velocity of each buggy.
Answers
ANSWER
\(\begin{gathered} \operatorname{Re}d=0.2m\/s \\ Blue=0.3m\/s \end{gathered}\)EXPLANATION
The velocity of a body is given by:
\(v=\frac{d}{t}\)where d = displacement
t = time traveled
The red plastic buggy covers 60 cm (0.6 m) in 3 seconds. Therefore, its velocity is:
\(\begin{gathered} v=\frac{0.6}{3} \\ v=0.2m\/s \end{gathered}\)The little blue plastic buggy covers 240 cm (2.4 m) in 8 seconds. Therefore, its velocity is:
\(\begin{gathered} v=\frac{2.4}{8} \\ v=0.3m\/s \end{gathered}\)