secondary chromosomes most likely evolve in bacteria as a result of . . . choose one:splitting of an original bacterial chromosome into two self-replicating elements.gradual evolution (that is, through random mutation) of essential genes on a resident plasmid. translocation of one or more essential genes from the primary chromosome to a resident plasmid.acquisition of a second chromosome by horizontal gene transfer followed by reductive evolution.
Answers
This evolutionary pathway allows bacteria to acquire additional genetic material and expand their genetic repertoire, enabling them to thrive in diverse environments and potentially develop new phenotypic traits.
Secondary chromosomes most likely evolve in bacteria as a result of the acquisition of a second chromosome by horizontal gene transfer followed by reductive evolution. This process involves the transfer of genetic material from another organism to the bacterium, leading to the acquisition of a new chromosome. Over time, through reductive evolution, the newly acquired chromosome undergoes structural and functional modifications, including gene loss and streamlining, to adapt to the bacterium's specific needs. This evolutionary pathway allows bacteria to acquire additional .
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Related Questions
What major function occurs on the specific membranes indicated by a? production of most of the cell's atp replication of dna synthesis of proteins digestion of ingested food
Answers
The specific membrane indicated by a is the inner mitochondrial membrane. The major function that occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane is the production of most of the cell's ATP.
Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy (ATP) for the cell. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the site of the electron transport chain, which is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions. These redox reactions produce ATP, which is the primary energy source for the cell. The inner mitochondrial membrane also plays a role in other metabolic processes, such as the regulation of ion concentrations and the synthesis of lipids.
The outer mitochondrial membrane, on the other hand, is more permeable and helps protect the mitochondria from damage. Therefore, the main function that occurs on the specific membrane indicated by a (the inner mitochondrial membrane) is the production of most of the cell's ATP.
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis
Answers
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explanation:
Have a good day :)
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explanation:
hope that helps girly good luck!
What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis? OH a) dilute HBO b) concentrated HB c) concentrated H2SO4 d) dilute H2SO4.
Answers
The correct answer would be option (b) concentrated HB. The synthesis referred to is likely the formation of an ester by a condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
The optimal conditions for this synthesis would be to use concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Therefore, the correct answer would be option (b) concentrated HB.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid would protonate the carboxylic acid, which would make it more reactive towards the nucleophilic attack by the alcohol.
This would result in a faster rate of reaction and a higher yield of the desired ester product. Dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid would also work as catalysts but they would not be as effective as concentrated acids.
On the other hand, dilute base (option a) would not be effective in promoting the esterification reaction, as it would deprotonate the carboxylic acid and make it less reactive towards the alcohol.
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all types of organoleptic tests can be carried out by essentially anyone in the brewery. group of answer choices true false
Answers
In regards to the student question, the statement "all types of organoleptic tests can be carried out by essentially anyone in the brewery" is false.
Organoleptic testing refers to the sensory evaluation of food, drink, or other substances, typically through taste, smell, and sight. In the brewing industry, organoleptic testing is an important part of quality control, as it allows brewers to evaluate the flavor, aroma, and appearance of their products.
However, not just anyone in the brewery can carry out these tests. Trained sensory panels are typically used for this purpose, consisting of individuals who have undergone specialized training to develop their sensory abilities and ability to evaluate food and drink.
These individuals are able to provide consistent and reliable results, which is important for ensuring the quality and consistency of the final product. In summary, while organoleptic testing is an important part of the brewing process, it cannot be carried out by just anyone in the brewery. Trained sensory panels are necessary to ensure accurate and reliable results.
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I need help with this practice problem Fill in the blanks
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Solid fossil fuel are formed over millions of years by decay of land vegatation or plant remains. When the layers are settled and heated, coal is produced as deposits. Fossil fuels are burned to produce energy. Power plants burn coal or oil to build heat that is consequently used to make steam to drive turbines which generate electricity.
Answer - Solid fosiil fuel formed from decay of land vegetation or plant remains. Produces energy when burned.
1. how does being a generalist help a species become established in a new habitat as an invasive species?
Answers
A generalist specie is more likely to continue to exist in a changing environment, because they may be capable of live in lots of exclusive locations, however additionally they tend to be greater adaptable to disturbances, that means that they are able to without problems adapt to any change of their environment.
A key characteristic of generalist species is that they have got a higher benefit of surviving in habitat this is changing.. they're capable of continue to exist due to the fact they have a massive variety of sources which permits them to conform to a extensive variety of environmental situations and weight-reduction plan as well.
Finally, a generalist education and revel in might also require less time than specialists. that is as it focuses greater on a top level view of different regions and less on in-depth analyses. then again, specialists tend first of all better salaries and are generally enormously sought out inside their domain.
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Describe the three lines of defense your body has for protection against invaders
Answers
Answer:
1. physical and chemical barriers
2.non-specific innate response
3. specific adaptive responses
Explanation:
how reliable is drug testing? what variables may affect the results? (1-3 sentences please try)
Answers
the _____ risk treatment strategy is the choice to do nothing to protect a vulnerability and to accept the outcome of its exploitation.
Answers
Answer: termination
Explanation:
The risk control strategy were the organization is willing to accept the current level of risk and makes a conscious decision to do nothing to protect an information asset from risk and to accept the outcome from any resulting exploitation is known as the termination risk control strategy.
The accept risk treatment strategy involves choosing not to take any action to protect a vulnerability and accepting the potential consequences of its exploitation.
The accept risk treatment strategy is a deliberate decision to acknowledge a vulnerability or risk without taking any proactive measures to mitigate or address it. This strategy is often chosen when the potential impact or likelihood of the risk is deemed acceptable within the risk tolerance of an organization or individual.
By accepting the risk, the decision-maker acknowledges that the vulnerability may be exploited, resulting in negative consequences. This approach is typically adopted when the cost, effort, or feasibility of implementing risk mitigation measures outweighs the potential impact or when the risk is considered an inherent part of the activity or system.
It is important to note that accepting a risk does not mean ignoring it completely. It involves a conscious decision to prioritize resources and efforts on other risk treatment strategies or to allocate them to risks with higher priority. Risk acceptance should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact, likelihood, and the organization's risk appetite and tolerance.
In summary, the "accept" risk treatment strategy entails recognizing a vulnerability but choosing not to take any action to mitigate it, accepting the potential consequences of its exploitation based on a thorough risk assessment and consideration of resource allocation.
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What do you do for scurrying good marks as you want?
Answers
Answer:
you have to read and understand what you are going to write about.
consider the descending water. First, why does it stop descending? Second, which way is it most likely to go when it stops descending?
Answers
Answer: What are the options?
Explanation:
Which of the following statements are true of the structure of organic molecules? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.) A. Glucose is the subunit of glycogen. B. Fatty acids are subunits of phospholipids. C. Amino acids are the subunits of nucleic acids. D. The subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides. E. Nucleotides are large molecules made of DNA or RNA. F Glycerol is a subunit of steroids.
Answers
The correct statements about the structure of organic molecules are: A. Glucose is the subunit of glycogen. D. The subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides. F. Glycerol is a subunit of steroids.
A. Glucose is indeed the subunit of glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide composed of multiple glucose molecules linked together.
D. Polysaccharides, such as glycogen, are composed of repeating units of monosaccharides. Therefore, the subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides.
F. Glycerol is a component of lipids, including steroids. Steroids are composed of a core structure of four fused rings, with a hydroxyl group attached to one end. Glycerol, which is a three-carbon molecule with hydroxyl groups, can serve as a subunit in the synthesis of certain steroids.
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Now the fourth most important crop worldwide after wheat, rice, and corn, potatoes are expected to supply even a larger share of the world's nutritional requirements in the next century if genetic engineering can increase its immunity to disease and expand its range of growing habitats
Answers
The correct answer is option D. the potato is expected to supply an even larger share of the world's nutritional requirements in the next century crops.
This response option correctly modifies "potatoes" to read "Currently the fourth most important crop internationally after wheat, rice, and corn," which conveys the message that potatoes are now the fourth most significant crop globally after wheat, rice, and corn. Additionally, the statement created by Option D includes the term "an even larger share," which conveys the intended meaning—that potatoes are expected to provide a share of the world's nutritional needs that is even larger than the amount they provided previously. Option D also avoids the grammatical mistake in Option B's sentence structure because it does not employ a pair of commas.
The complete question is:
Now the fourth most important crop worldwide after wheat, rice, and corn, potatoes are expected to supply even a larger share of the world's nutritional requirements in the next century if genetic engineering can increase their immunity to disease and expand their range of growing habitats. What is the correct answer for an underlined sentence?
A. potatoes are expected to supply even a
B. potatoes will, it is expected, supply an even
C. it is expected that potatoes will supply an even
D. the potato is expected to supply an even
E. expectations are for the potato to supply even a
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A child presents with recurrent bacterial infections. Of the genetic defects described below, what is the most likely cause of her disease?
A mutation in C3 that increases its rate of spontaneous cleavage into C3b and C3a.
A mutation in an endosomal TLR that causes constitutive homodimerization.
A mutation in the C3 gene that renders the C3 protein nonfunctional.
A mutation in an endosomal TLR that prevents its homodimerization.
Answers
A mutation in the C3 gene that results in a nonfunctional C3 protein is the most likely cause of the child's disease, contributing to recurrent bacterial infections due to compromised immune function.
Recurrent bacterial infections are often associated with a compromised immune system, which can be caused by genetic mutations or other immune-related conditions. In this particular case, the most likely cause of the child's disease is a mutation in the C3 gene that leads to a nonfunctional C3 protein.
The C3 protein is an integral component of the complement system, a crucial part of the immune system responsible for eliminating foreign pathogens from the body. Upon encountering bacteria or other microbes, C3 is activated and triggers a series of events that result in the destruction of the invading pathogens.
A mutation in the C3 gene that disrupts the function of the C3 protein would hinder the proper functioning of the complement system. As a result, the body would struggle to effectively eliminate bacterial infections and other harmful pathogens.
On the other hand, a mutation in C3 that increases the rate of spontaneous cleavage into C3b and C3a would not cause recurrent bacterial infections but rather contribute to a kidney disease called C3 glomerulopathy.
Mutations in endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that either cause constitutive homodimerization or prevent homodimerization would not directly lead to recurrent bacterial infections. Instead, these mutations would affect the immune system's ability to recognize and respond to microbial invaders.
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Select the correct answer.
Which degree of latitude designates the position of the equator?
A.
0
B.
45
C.
90
D.
120
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The aye-aye lemur is a mammal that feeds mostly on insect larvae that live inside trees. The aye-aye lemur has a specialized middle finger that is long and thin. The aye-aye lemur moves along a tree branch and taps the branch with its specialized finger. When the aye-aye lemur hears a difference in the echo, it will tear open the bark with its teeth until the insect tunnel is exposed. The aye-aye lemur then uses its specialized finger to reach the insect larvae and remove it.
Which selective pressure most likely resulted in the development of the aye-aye lemur's special adaptation?
A.Limited availability of water
B.Competing for mates
C.Large numbers of natural predators
D Food sources that are hard to find
Answers
Answer: D because the lemur sticks it’s middle finger in the tree to eat
Explanation:
Just took test
Adaptation is the process of survival to the environment and the surroundings. The development of the special adaptation is due to the food sources that are hard to find.
What are the adaptations?Adaptations are the specialized changes that an organism acquires for survival and reproduction in altered conditions so that their generations can be maintained.
The lemurs adapted to the thin and long middle fingers and teeth so that they can tear open and reach the insects living in the barks that are the food source for them.
Therefore, option D. hard sources of food led to the special adaptation.
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You work in a lab that studies brains and behavior. You and your labmate have both submitted rodent brains to a colleague to be sectioned. Your species is a squirrel that is known for storing large numbers of nuts each autumn in a variety of hidden locations. Your labmate's species is a mole with almost nonexistent eyes. How do you predict their brains will compare
Answers
The squirrel had a larger brain and is smarter. I say this because the squirrel has to be smart enough to gain a large amount of nuts, hide those nuts from others, and remember where those nuts are. On the other hand, the mole is less smart bc it is primarily underground. The mole's location underground helps to keep it safe from other predators so it doesn't have to worry too much about that. the mole also can't see which means that sight isn't of enough importance to keep.
which agent of microevolutionary change is defined as random changes in allele frequencies caused by chance events?
Answers
The agent of microevolutionary change that is defined as random changes in allele frequencies caused by chance events is called genetic drift.
Genetic drift is one of the agents of microevolution that leads to random fluctuations in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events such as random mutations, deaths, or migrations of individuals. This phenomenon is more pronounced in small populations where chance events can have a larger effect on the gene pool. Genetic drift can lead to the loss of genetic diversity in a population, the fixation of alleles, or the emergence of new alleles. Unlike natural selection, which operates through environmental pressures and fitness advantages, genetic drift is a random process that does not depend on the adaptive value of a trait.
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to the random fluctuation in allele frequencies of a population over time due to chance events. Genetic drift occurs due to random variations in the survival and reproduction of individuals in a population, and its effect is more pronounced in small populations. In a small population, genetic drift can cause the loss of certain alleles or fixation of other alleles, leading to a reduction in genetic diversity. Genetic drift can have a significant impact on the evolution of populations, particularly in small, isolated populations or in populations that have undergone a severe bottleneck. The effects of genetic drift are more evident in neutral or non-adaptive traits, as natural selection will generally override the effects of drift in traits that affect an organism's fitness. Overall, genetic drift is an important mechanism of microevolutionary change, as it can cause significant changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time.
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Which structures are responsible for absorbing sun energy during photosynthesis?
Answers
Answer: Chlorophyll, the primary pigment used in photosynthesis, reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light most strongly. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll.
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if individuals v-1 and v-11 were to mate, what is the probability that they would have an affected child?
Answers
The probability of having an affected child when v-1 and v-11 mate is dependent on the genetic disorder that they carry.
When two people who carry the same genetic disorder have a child, the probability of the child inheriting the disorder depends on the mode of inheritance of the disorder. Genetic disorders can be inherited in three main ways: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked dominant or recessive. In autosomal dominant inheritance, only one parent needs to carry the affected gene for the child to have a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder.
In autosomal recessive inheritance, both parents need to carry the affected gene for the child to have a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder. In X-linked inheritance, the probability of a child inheriting the disorder depends on the sex of the child and the parent carrying the affected gene. Without the information about the mode of inheritance and the genetic disorder that v-1 and v-11 carry, it is impossible to provide an accurate probability of having an affected child when they mate.
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Vascular resistance is due to friction between blood and the walls of the blood vessel. Which of the following causes low vascular resistance?
O obesity
O dehydration
O high blood pressure
o cholesterol levels within normal range
Answers
The factor that does not lead to a high vascular resistance is cholesterol levels within normal range.
What is vascular resistance?The term vascular resistance refers to a situation in which blood finds it difficult to pass through the blood vessels. A lot of factors may lead to this such as the constriction of the blood vessels owing to high cholesterol levels.
From the options that we have in the question, the factor that does not lead to a high vascular resistance is cholesterol levels within normal range.
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Select the correct answer.
How is relative-age dating used to determine the ages
of fossils?
• A.
by observing the formation of sedimentary rocks
O B.
by using radioactive isotopes
O C.
by estimating the number of fossils in a particular region
O D.
by the formation of igneous rocks
• E.
by identifying the way the fossils were formed
Answers
Answer:
A.
Explanation: By observing the formations you will see the layers of the earth.
If a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle?
Answers
Answer:
ans : - 2 cell will be created during a single cell cycle .
Answer:
robux
Explanation:
HIV is the president and I have to1. Which statement shows the direction of the transfer of heat in this experiment?
The heat transfer is from the
v to the
2. Which statement compares the temperatures of the white and 1, black sheets at 1, 2, and 3 minute(s)?
The temperature
3. What conclusion can be made based on this data?
D intro
Answers
Answer:
Light bulb to Paper
Is higher for the black paper
The white paper absorbs less heat
Explanation:
Took on edge, hope this helps!
Answer:
1. Which statement shows the direction of the transfer of heat in this experiment?The heat transfer is from the light bulb to the paper 2. Which statement compares the temperatures of the white and black sheets at 1, 2, and 3 minute(s)?The temperature is higher for the black paper. 3. What conclusion can be made based on this data?The white paper absorbs less heat.
verse of the day! Jesus replied,"Very truly I tell you, kingdom of God no one can see the unless they are born again. John 3:3 have a blessed day!
what kind(s) of cells can develop from multipotent stem cells?
Answers
100 Points!!! need biology help please i am desperate and will give 100 here is 2 screen shots of the work sheet
Answers
Germ cells produce gametes through meiosis. Before DNA replication/8/c. After DNA replication/5/g. Prophase I/9/f. Metaphase I/13/i. Anaphase I/17/b. Telophase I/10/k. Prophase II/18-1/a. Metaphase II/11-2/e. Anaphase II/6-3/h. Telophase II/12-15/d. Gametes/7-16-14-4/j.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is the sequence of events that occur when a germ cell divides and produce gametes. Through Meiosis, a diploid cell (2n) produces four haploid daughter cells (n).
There are two meiotic phases. Before each phase, the cell undergoes the interphase, during which the cell content duplicates and DNA replicates.
Meiosis I: reductive phase.
Chromosomes condensate and became visible. Occurs crossing-over between homologous chromosomes during the prophase. Crossing over makes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the original one. Homologous pairs migrate to the equatorial plane during the metaphase.In the anaphase, chromosomes from the homologous pairs get separated again, and each member migrates forward to a pole. Once in the poles, the nuclear membrane forms during the telophase.Finally, cytokinesis occurs and chromosomes became lax again.
Meiosis II: not reductive division.
In the prophase chromosomes condensate again, During the metaphase, chromosomes join the spindle apparatus and migrate to the equatorial plane. Centromeres divide, and each chromatid goes forward to each pole in the anaphase. Once in the poles, during the telophase, the nuclear membrane forms, and the chromosomes became lax again. Finally, cytokinesis occurs and haploid cells are formed.In the exposed example, each image is numbered and each description is named with a letter. You will find the complete flow chart in the attached files.
The order is as follow.
Stage Image Description
Before DNA replication 8 c
After DNA replication 5 g
Prophase I 9 f
Metaphase I 13 i
Anaphase I 17 b
Telophase I 10 k
Prophase II 18-1 a
Metaphase II 11-2 e
Anaphase II 6-3 h
Telophase II 12-15 d
Gametes 7-16-14-4 j
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what was the Mesozoic terrestrial reptile called that walked in an upright stance.
Answers
The Mesozoic terrestrial reptile that walked in an upright stance is called the dinosaur.
Dinosaurs are a group of reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic era, which is also known as the Age of Reptiles. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 135 million years, until their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period.
They were able to walk in an upright stance due to their skeletal structure and musculature that allowed them to support their massive bodies on two legs instead of four. Some examples of dinosaurs that walked on two legs include the T-Rex, Velociraptor, and Stegosaurus.
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The frequency of a wave does not change as it passes from one medium to another.
What will most likely happen if a light wave moves from the air into a solid?
O The wavelength of the light wave will increase.
O The speed of the light wave will decrease.
O The wavelength of the light wave will remain the same.
O The speed of the light wave will remain the same.
Answers
Answer:
The speed of the light waves will decrease
The frequency of a wave does not change as it passes from one medium to another.The wavelength of the light wave will increase. Thus, option A is correct.
What is a frequency table?The columns of the frequency table are two. The categories of the data are listed in the first column. The frequency of each category, or the number of the data values in the category, is listed in the second column.
The distribution of the observations based on a variable's possible values is shown in a frequency table. To understand the alternatives appear more or less often in the dataset, frequency tables are the useful. This has been considered as useful for better understanding each variable and determining whether or not variables need to be recorded.
Therefore, the frequency table has been just a two-column "t-chart" or table that lists all of the potential outcomes and their corresponding frequencies as seen in a sample.
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50 points, need a REAL answer asap!! please help!! any not serious answers will be reported.
Identify the dispersal vector illustrated and explain and the implications of the following scenario.
Situation: A student was running an experiment using local frog spawn, intending to release the frogs after they’d gone through all the phases of metamorphosis. For the sake of convenience, the student used flowering water plants purchased at an aquarium to create the various environments for the frogs. When the experiment was through, the student released the frogs back into their pond by removing the plants and pouring out the entire habitat. A year later, the student came back to find new, non-native plants of the same variety used in the experiment now growing in the frog pond.
Answers
The dispersal vector illustrated in the scenario is **unintentional introduction through human activity**. The student introduced non-native flowering water plants into the frog pond while conducting the experiment. The plants were purchased from an aquarium and were not native to the area where the experiment was being conducted.
The implications of this scenario are that the non-native plants have established themselves in the frog pond and are now growing there. This can have negative impacts on the ecosystem, as the non-native plants could outcompete native plants for resources, alter the physical and chemical properties of the water, and impact the food web. In addition, the non-native plants could potentially spread to other water bodies, further disrupting ecosystems and potentially leading to the loss of native species.
It is important to note that unintentional introduction through human activity is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. It is crucial for individuals to be aware of the potential impacts of their actions, and take steps to prevent the introduction of non-native species into ecosystems. This can include properly disposing of plants and animals, avoiding the release of pets into the wild, and being cautious when introducing new species into an environment.
Which type of neuron sends information from the central nervous system to the muscles to generate movement?
Answers
Efferent neurons are a specialized type of neurons that send information from the central nervous system to the muscles to generate movement.
What are efferent neurons?Efferent neurons, also called motor neurons, are specialized types of nerve cells associated with the muscle cell to modulate controlled voluntary movements in the body.
These types of neurons (efferent neurons) are well-known to transport stimuli from the cerebrum to the peripheral nervous subsystem of the nervous system.
In conclusion, efferent neurons are a specialized type of neurons that send information from the central nervous system to the muscles to generate movement.
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