Scientific Method In Action
The Strange Case of Beriberi
In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people the Dutch East Indies. The disease was Beriberi.
Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite. Victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria.
One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the
chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case and found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good
health.
1. State the Problem
2. What was the hypothesis?
3. How was the hypothesis tested?
4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment?
5. What should be the new hypothesis and how would you test it?

b heart because it is connected to the organelles

Answer:

circulatory system

Explanation:

Where do you think the nutrients from the food that you eat go after digestion? The entire point of eating is to get energy and nutrients tot he other parts of the body and to do that you need the circulatory system.

The first life on Earth was prokaryotic. There're different theories about the origin of these kinds of cells, among them we can find how it's hypothesized that these basic forms of life came up from other planets in meteorites, what it's known as the panspermia theory of life. On the other, there's said that the primitive conditions after the formation of our planet gave place to cyclic inorganic molecules that replicate themselves in a physicochemical equilibrium, as happens today with the nutrients cycle, for example, and in a primordial soup, these replicated molecules began to conform more complex structures like nucleic acids that lead to the formation of live organisms. Maybe they resulted after those basic molecules were progressively being part of other molecules, and involved other molecules in their basal structures, such as states the endosymbiotic theory. Or maybe the origin of those basic forms of life is the result of these and other theories in conjunction .

Organelle I is the ribosome, which is responsible for protein synthesis. Organelle III is the mitochondrion, which is involved in energy transformation and energy production through cellular respiration.

Organelle I, which is labeled as the ribosome, is responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are involved in the process of translation, where they read the mRNA (messenger RNA) and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, ultimately forming proteins.

Organelle III, which is not specified in the question, cannot be identified based on the provided information. However, if we assume it refers to mitochondria (as labeled with Roman numeral VI), then its function is energy production.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are involved in cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of the cell.

Therefore, the correct functions for organelle I (ribosome) are protein synthesis, and for organelle III (mitochondria) are energy production.

For more such answers on Protein synthesis

https://brainly.com/question/13022587

#SPJ8

Assume that we have the dominant allele 'D' and the recessive allele 'd'. Lets make the example that the gene these encode for the fake disease called 'Fake Disease'. The recessive allele 'd' encodes for if you HAVE the disease. The dominant allele encodes for NOT having the disease. You get  passed on a version of this allele from both your parents and hence any individual will have the genotype of 'XX' (basically your genotype will be a combination of the two alleles dependent on what you got from your parents). ALSO for a recessive allele to be expressed in the phenotype (definition below) you need to have two copies of it because other wise the dominant allele 'D' will 'hide' the occurance of the single 'd' allele.

Homozygous (the prefix 'homo' means SAME).

Heterozygous (the prefix 'hetero' means DIFFERENT).

Genotype = the genes you have in your genome

Phenotype = what trait is expressed due to what genes you have

Homozygous dominant = SAME of the Dominant allele

- Genotype: DD (the two alleles you have are the same and are both the dominant alleles)

- Phenotype: Does not have Fake Disease (as the recessive 'd' allele encodes for this and the individual does not have two of the 'd' the disease is not expressed in the genotype)

Heterozygous = DIFFERENT alleles

- Genotype: Dd (you get one copy of each allele but both are different from each other)

- Phenotype:  Does not have Fake Disease (the dominant allele 'D' is what it is called 'dominant' it dominants over the recessive allele and will cover the expression of the recessive allele)

Homozygous Recessive = SAME of the Recessive Allele

- Genotype: dd

- Phenotype: Does have Fake Disease (having two recessive alleles of a trait means that it is expressed in the individual.

Hopefully this helps!!! (sorry if you already know some of the stuff I explained I don't know your level of knowledge on this topic and just wanted to make sure my answer made sense)

Sympathomimetics stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction and reducing inflammation in nasal tissues. This relieves nasal congestion associated with colds and allergies.

Sympathomimetics work by activating receptors in the sympathetic nervous system, which controls various involuntary functions in the body, including the constriction of blood vessels. By constricting blood vessels in the nasal tissues, sympathomimetics reduce blood flow and fluid leakage, which reduces inflammation and congestion. Sympathomimetics can be administered orally, topically, or by injection. Common sympathomimetics used for nasal congestion relief include pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine. However, sympathomimetics can have side effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, so they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Learn more about Sympathomimetics here:

https://brainly.com/question/30747669

#SPJ11

The characteristics of the lytic cycle are viral DNA merges with host cell DNA, viral DNA takes over, the virus destroys the host cell, induces symptoms of viral infection, cell reproduces and spreads provirus.

In the lytic cycle, viruses produce new copies of themselves inside a host cell before bursting outside the cell.

In the lysogenic reproductive cycle, the viral genome is incorporated into the host cell's DNA, causing internal infection.

The characteristics of the lytic cycle are viral DNA merges with host cell DNA, viral DNA takes over, the virus destroys the host cell, induces symptoms of viral infection, cell reproduces and spreads provirus. Therefore, options A, C, E, F, and G are correct.

Learn more about the lytic cycle, here:

https://brainly.com/question/1145533

#SPJ9

Your question is incomplete, most probably the full question is this:

Indicate whether each is characteristic of lytic or lysogenic reproductive cycle.

viral DNA merges with host cell DNA

no symptoms

viral DNA takes over

virus does not destroy host cell

virus destroys host cell

induces symptoms of viral infection

cell reproduces and spreads provirus

Answer:

Explanation:

seabirds: mutualism

Jellyfish: predation

Copepods: parasitism

symbiotic relationships

There are many interactions in the ocean that happens everyday between different marine species. Marine life often depend on each other to survive. The ecosystem works together in many ways, species interact in 3 main ways, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Here are three different examples of species relationships.

Mutualism is beneficial for both species an example of mutualism is Sea Anemone and Clownfish. The sea anemone give the clownfish a home and when the it is eating the clownfish eats the leftovers. The clownfish benefits the sea anemone by fighting off predators. Parasitism is a species that is benefiting off its host but harming the species its benefiting off of, an example of parasitism is flatworms and ocean sunfish, also known as Mola mola. The flatworms attache to the fish and hurts it but the fish has a way to deal with the relationship, the sunfish lays upwards and the birds eat off the parasites on it like flatworms. Commensalism is when a specie is neither helping nor hurting its host. An example of commensalism is a whale and barnacle the whale isn't helped by the barnacle nor being hurt so the whale accepts it, the barnacle greatly benefits from the whale and gets an abundance of food from being attached to the whale. All three types of relationships are used by many different pairs of species in the ocean.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Because the roots of the tree were what where controling the erosion

Hope this helps :))

Answer:

B 100% on edge:))))))))))) :>

Answer:

They will have different eating habits and find different food sources, creating variety in their species.

Explanation:

Heterotrophic animals are those that are unable to produce their own food, requiring previously produced organic matter. This means that heterotrophic animals feed on other living beings to produce energy and synthesize their biomolecules. These organisms are unable to transform inorganic material into organic.

In the food chain, heterotrophic organisms may be consumers or decomposers. Consumers are those who feed on other living things. Herbivorous, carnivorous and omnivorous animals are part of this group. Because of the different eating habits you will find different sources of food, creating variety in their species and contributing to animal diversity.

In addition to consumers, we can cite as heterotrophic organisms the decomposers. Fungi and bacteria are representatives of this group, which stands out for degrading dead organic matter into smaller parts and soluble forms of nutrients. This process is important because it ensures that nutrients return to the environment and can be reused by other organisms.

Answer:

How they contribute to such great animal diversity is they will have different eating habits and find different food sources, creating variety in their species.

Interpretation, anxiety, and attention are psychological factors affecting pain. Psychological factors that are present when we sense pain can completely change the intensity of pain.

Endorphins serves as analgesic or sedative that curtail pain that are produced in the brain, spinal cord and other parts of he body that are discharged as a feedback to the neurotransmitters of the brain.

Answer - Option 4 - endorphins

Answer:

You are correct.

Explanation:

Wavelength is from one crest to another

Yes, I would be willing to donate blood to the stranger's sick relative who is also blood type A, as our blood types are compatible.

Blood type compatibility is crucial in transfusions to prevent adverse reactions. Since both of us have blood type A, it means that our blood contains the same antigens and antibodies, reducing the risk of complications during the donation. However, it is important to note that before proceeding with the donation, proper medical screening and testing should be conducted to ensure the safety and suitability of the donation for the recipient. Following the necessary protocols and ensuring a safe donation process is essential in this situation.

To know more about antigens,

https://brainly.com/question/13848733

#SPJ11

Answer:

This quesiton is unclear

Explanation:

The body has negtive feedback loops that either vasoconstrict (preserving heat by lessening the surface area of blood vessels so they are exposed to less cold and release less heat) and vasodilation, where blood vessels are expanded and have higher surface areas so the body hopes to lose more heat to cool down.

If this is purely body language (like going into a fetal position when its cold: to lessen the surface area exposed to the cold temperature and lose less heat, imagine an ice cube vs. a long thin tube of ice with equal volume, the cube will last longer. Similarly our bodies would spread out to release more heat (unless there was sun) this is to expose the most surface area, allowing our body to release the most heat. Note: this is pretty insignificant change, and in extreme temperatures will likely not help, but it does contribute.

Answer:

What are you referring to???

Answer:

In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts, which eventually become rift valleys. The mid-Atlantic ridge is an example of a divergent boundary, where the Eurasian Plate that covers all of Europe separates from the North American Plate. This underwater mountain range is constantly growing as new crust is formed. Further up that same boundary, it passes through Iceland.

example

Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Red Sea Rift.

Baikal Rift Zone.

Explanation:\\

have a nice day ><

Answer:

it is D

Because the DNA have all our genetical storage

Answer:

A. It is the messenger between RNA and the protein-synthesis ribosomes.

ahh sorry I didn't mean to answer it as a question ahaha

Explanation:

DNA contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce

Melody is looking up a phone number in a phone book with a tiny print. She will most likely be able to read the number if she looks at the phone book with her fovea because it has the largest number of cones.

The fovea is the central region of the retina responsible for detailed vision and high visual acuity. It contains a high concentration of cone cells, which are responsible for color vision and detecting fine details. The fovea is densely packed with cones, making it ideal for tasks that require clear and sharp vision, such as reading small text.

On the other hand, the periphery of the retina has a higher concentration of rod cells. Rod cells are more sensitive to low light levels and are responsible for peripheral vision and detecting motion. While rod cells are excellent for detecting movement and seeing in dim lighting conditions, they do not provide the same level of detail and acuity as cone cells.

Therefore, to read the tiny print in the phone book, Melody would rely on her fovea, which contains a larger number of cones and provides better visual acuity and detail. Therefore, the correct answer is A) fovea; cones.

For more such answers on cones

https://brainly.com/question/1363626

#SPJ8

as the temperature increases the enzymes gradually increase their performance until it reaches the optimum temperature which is the peak after that it denatures because teh temperature is too high and hence the activity drops quickly.

As the temperature increases the enzymes gradually increase their performance until it reaches the optimum temperature which is the peak after that it denatures because teh temperature is too high and hence the activity drops quickly.

Enzymes may be defined as the bio catalyst that can increase the speed  of a bio chemical reaction of the body. Enzymes decreases the activation energy of the reaction and maintains the reaction equilibrium.

Wendy has investigated the rate of the catalysis of reaction at different temperatures. Enzymes are very specific in nature and works at optimum temperature conditions only. The enzyme catalyze the reaction at highest speed if the temperature is optimum for the enzymes.

Enzymes are the biocatalyst that increases the rate of a reaction without getting consumed in a reaction. They participate in the reaction and increase the rate of the reaction by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.

The relation between the reaction rate and enzyme is shown in the following graphs. The rate of reaction is on the x-axis and the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is on the y-axis.

Therefore, As the temperature increases the enzymes gradually increase their performance until it reaches the optimum temperature.

Learn more about  temperature on:

https://brainly.com/question/11464844

#SPJ5

Answer: Commensalism

Explanation:

Commensalism is a type of feeding relationship between organisms of two (2) species, it is characterised by one organism gaining food and benefiting from another organisms without causing harm to the organism.

In Commensalism, one organism benefits and the other doesn't get any benefit nor get hurt.

Commensalism is the feeding relationship between triggerfish and other fishes.

Triggerfish are carnivorous,hence they eat mainly urchins,worms, crabs, shrimps and several types of invertebrates,they also feed on animals that attach themselves to corals and this gives an impression of them feeding from the corals whereas no harm is being done hence the Commensalism

Answer:

Commensalism

Explanation:

Commensalism is a type of feeding relationship that exists between two different organisms where neither organism gains nor loses.

The triggerfish feeds on organisms found under corals which includes shrimps and other smaller organisms etc found in these coral reefs environment.

Its absence has been discovered to have an influence on the population of other species of fish in that environment. They are not harmed neither do they benefit from the other population of fish. Thus the relationship is tagged commensalism.

Answer:

B) slow- twitch, intermediate- twitch, fast-twitch

Explanation:

The three types of muscle fibers are:

The behavior of the bird in burying acorns improves the survival and reproduction of oak trees, which in turn benefits the survival and reproduction of the bird community. This example illustrates how natural selection operates.

This example represents the mechanism of natural selection. The birds that have a preference for certain traits in acorns, such as size or taste, will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

The birds that bury the acorns may also inadvertently select for traits that promote survival and reproduction of the oak tree, such as increased tolerance for burial or seed coat thickness. Over time, these traits may become more prevalent in the bird and oak populations, respectively, as a result of the selective pressures exerted by the birds' behavior.

learn more about natural selection operates.

https://brainly.com/question/28260800

#SPJ4

Hyperthyroidism decreases protein synthesis, increases heart rate, increases oxygen consumption, and increases protein catabolism.

To learn more about Thyroidisms,

https://brainly.com/question/9493632

#SPJ4

The red geranium has red flowers because of heterozygosity (Rr) therefore,  option A is correct.

You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions are different. Having one gene for red hair and one allele for brown hair, for instance, would indicate that you are heterozygous for hair color. Which characteristics are expressed depends on how the two alleles interact.

In each of us, there are two alleles, or different versions, for each gene. You are considered homozygous for a gene when there are two similar copies of it. In contrast, the alleles in a heterozygous genotype are distinct. Every person with a recessive trait, like red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.

To know more about homozygosity visit

brainly.com/question/29488990

#SPJ4

The complete question is;

A horticulturalist wants to produce geraniums with specific characteristics. She knows that the trait of red flowers is governed by the allele R (RR and Rr) and the trait of white flowers is governed by the allele r (rr).

The horticulturalist has a red geranium with an uncertain genetic makeup. She crosses it with a white geranium (rr) and gets a generation in which half of the plants have red flowers and half have white flowers. What does this combination of offspring tell her about the genetic makep of the red geranium parent?

a. The red geranium is heterozygous for red flowers (Rr).

b. The red geranium is homozygous for red flowers (RR).

c. The trait shows incomplete dominance.

d. The red geranium is homozygous for white flowers (rr).

Answer:

Mimicry

Explanation:

Mimicry is an evolved similarity ( in traits and behaviors  ) , often between two organisms

An example of mimicry is the resemblance between coral snakes and kingsnakes. A kingsnake is a harmless snake whereas a coral snake is a fairly venomous snake. A kingsnake looks similar to a coral snake ( mimics its features) leading to kingsnake predators often intimidated by the kingsnakes appearance, because like stated before coral snakes are venomous and kingsnakes mimic their features.

Answer:

Mimicry is the similarity of one organism (the mimic) to another (the model) that enhances the mimic's fitness through its effect on the behavior of a third party, the operator.

Explanation:

a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

Humans have been applying the principles of heredity for millennia. They have been able to control the breeding of animals and plants since ancient times. They chose the best animals or plants to breed, ensuring that their offspring will have desirable traits or characteristics.

Over time, they were able to improve the yields of crops and the quality of livestock through selective breeding. In addition, people have also applied the principles of heredity to themselves through selective breeding in humans. They chose partners with desirable traits and characteristics to produce offspring with these same qualities.Long answer:Humans have applied the principles of heredity in several ways throughout history. One of the earliest examples is the domestication of animals, where humans selectively bred wild animals with desirable traits to create a new breed. This process has resulted in a wide variety of domesticated animals, such as dogs, cats, and horses. People also selectively bred plants for desirable traits, leading to the development of many new plant varieties.In addition, humans have used heredity principles to improve the quality of livestock. For example, farmers may breed cows with the best milk production or bulls with the best meat quality.

This selective breeding has resulted in increased yields and improved quality of livestock over time.Similarly, humans have applied heredity principles to themselves. In many cultures, people used to practice selective breeding by choosing partners with desirable traits to produce offspring with these same qualities. For example, ancient Egyptian pharaohs practiced sibling marriage to keep the royal bloodline pure. In some cultures, there were even laws that mandated the selection of marriage partners with specific traits, such as intelligence or physical strength.Today, humans continue to apply the principles of heredity in a variety of ways. Genetic engineering, for example, allows scientists to manipulate genes to produce desired traits in plants and animals. This has led to the development of new crop varieties that are resistant to pests or tolerant of drought conditions. It has also led to the creation of new breeds of animals with desirable traits, such as glow-in-the-dark fish.Overall, the principles of heredity have been applied by humans for thousands of years to improve the quality and productivity of crops and livestock and even to enhance human qualities Humans have been applying the principles of heredity for millennia. They have been able to control the breeding of animals and plants since ancient times. They chose the best animals or plants to breed, ensuring that their offspring will have desirable traits or characteristics Over time, they were able to improve the yields of crops and the quality of livestock through selective breeding. In addition, people have also applied the principles of heredity to themselves through selective breeding in humans. They chose partners with desirable traits and characteristics to produce offspring with these same qualities.

To know more about characteristics Visit;

https://brainly.com/question/22813270

#SPJ11

The cell membrane distinguishes between the internal and external components of the cell.

It protects a cell's integrity and regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell. For the required exchange, all components inside a cell must have access to the cell membrane (the cell's boundary). A double layer of phospholipid molecules makes up the cell membrane. The cell membrane's proteins serve as structural reinforcement, material-passage channels, receptor sites, transport molecules, and identification marks. The control centre of the cell is the nucleus, which is made up of a nuclear membrane enclosing fluid nucleoplasm. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the cell's genetic material, is found in chromatin threads in the nucleus.

Learn more about cell here-

https://brainly.com/question/30046049

#SPJ4