Q1. What is the enthalpy change during the process in which 100.g of water at 50.0°C is cooled
to ice at -30 °C? Show your work to receive full credit. Specific heat of fusion of water = 6.01
kj/mol. Specific heat of ice = 2.03 J/g c.
Answers
The following equation is used to calculate the change in enthalpy that occurs when 100 g of water at 50.0 °C is cooled to ice at -30 °C: First, using the equation q = mcT, it is determined how much heat energy is needed to cool the water from 50.0°C to 0°C. q = (100 g)(4.18 J/g°C)(50.0°C-0°C) = 20900 J in this scenario.
Then, using the equation q = mL, where q is the heat energy, m is the mass of the water, and L is the specific heat of fusion of water, it is determined how much heat energy is needed to turn the water into ice at 0°C. That is. q = (100 g)(6.01 kJ/mol) = 601 kJ in this instance.
The equation q = mcT, where q is the heat energy, m is the mass of the ice, c is the specific heat of ice, and T is the change in temperature, is used to determine the amount of heat energy needed to cool the ice from 0°C to -30°C. q = (100 g)(2.03 J/g°C)(0°C-30°C) = -6090 J in this scenario.
Therefore, the sum of the three heat energy calculations, i.e. 20900 J + 601 kJ - 6090 J = 54110 J, is used to compute the enthalpy change throughout the process in which 100 g of water at 50.0 °C is cooled to ice at -30 °C.
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Related Questions
What is the boiling point (in C) of a 1.58 m aqueous solution of CaCl2? (Amount to three decimal points)
Answers
The boiling point of a 1.58 m aqueous solution of CaCl2 is approximately 102.4352 °C.
The boiling point of a 1.58 m aqueous solution of CaCl2 can be calculated using the equation for boiling point elevation. The boiling point elevation is a colligative property, meaning it depends on the concentration of solute particles rather than the identity of the solute. In this case, the solute is CaCl2, which dissociates into three ions: one Ca2+ ion and two Cl- ions.
The boiling point elevation equation is ΔTb = Kb * m * i, where ΔTb is the boiling point elevation, Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van't Hoff factor, which represents the number of particles formed when the solute dissociates. For CaCl2, i = 3 because it dissociates into three ions. The molality of the solution is given as 1.58 m. The molal boiling point elevation constant for water is typically around 0.512 °C/m.
Plugging in the values, we can calculate the boiling point elevation: ΔTb = 0.512 °C/m * 1.58 m * 3 = 2.4352 °C. To find the boiling point of the solution, we add the boiling point elevation to the normal boiling point of water, which is 100 °C: Boiling point = 100 °C + 2.4352 °C = 102.4352 °C.
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The last point of comparison is to look at oxygen isotope data for this time interval. It is a tricky business to estimate temperature from isotope values from so long ago because quite a bit can change about both oceans and organisms over such a long time. People who study these super ancient isotope records feel that some corrections are needed to account for these changes. I am mostly (but not 100%) convinced that they are justified. If you want, I can give you the paper where they explain the basis for the corrections, but it involves some serious chemistry.
C) Chemical proxies for temperature
In the graph below, the uncorrected values are shown with the blue line. The corrected values are shown with either the red or the dashed black line (there are two different ways of doing the corrections). They are roughly the same, so let's use the dashed black line as it is a little easier to see. 5) How well do the uncorrected dOvalues correspond with CO, levels? What about the corrected dashed black line? Sometimes we are looking at whether something is increasing or decreasing. In this case I want you to also look at where the values lie relative to today (the horizontal dashed line at 0°C)
6) Does this argue for or against the notion that CO2 concentration is one of
Answers
We can analyze the relationship between the uncorrected dO (oxygen isotope) values and CO2 levels, as well as the corrected dashed black line values.
In terms of the uncorrected dO values, it is unclear how well they correspond with CO2 levels since the specific correlation or trend is not mentioned. Without further details or data, we cannot determine the exact relationship between the uncorrected dO values and CO2 levels.
However, regarding the corrected dashed black line values, we can observe their alignment with the horizontal dashed line at 0°C, which represents today's temperature. By assessing where the corrected values lie relative to this line, we can gain insights into temperature changes over time.
Based on the information provided, we cannot definitively conclude whether this argues for or against the notion that CO2 concentration is one of the main drivers of climate change. The given context focuses on comparing the dO values with CO2 levels and temperature, without explicitly addressing the relationship between CO2 concentration and climate change. To draw conclusions about the impact of CO2 concentration on climate change, further analysis and information about the specific trends and patterns are required.
Overall, without additional data and details, it is challenging to determine the exact correspondence between the uncorrected dO values and CO2 levels, as well as the implications for the role of CO2 concentration in climate change. Further examination of the provided paper and relevant scientific literature would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
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The internal structure of a satellite is composed of conductive materials such as aluminum alloy. Give reasons for this.
Answers
Aluminum alloy is used in the internal structure of satellites due to its conductivity, lightweight nature, and ability to withstand harsh space environments.
Aluminum alloy is chosen as a material for the internal structure of satellites for several reasons. Firstly, it possesses good electrical conductivity, allowing for efficient transmission of electrical signals and power throughout the satellite. This is crucial for the operation of various electronic components onboard.
Secondly, aluminum alloy is lightweight compared to many other metals, making it ideal for space applications where every kilogram of weight matters. By using aluminum alloy, the overall weight of the satellite can be minimized, enabling easier launch and reducing fuel consumption.
Lastly, the aluminum alloy exhibits excellent strength and durability, enabling it to withstand the harsh conditions of space, including extreme temperatures, vacuum, and radiation. These properties ensure that the satellite structure remains intact and reliable throughout its operational lifespan.
Considering its electrical conductivity, lightweight nature, and ability to withstand space environments, aluminum alloy proves to be a practical and reliable choice for the internal structure of satellites.
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The alloy bronze consists of mostly copper and approximately 12% of what other element?.
Answers
The answer is that bronze consists of mostly copper and approximately 12% tin.
Bronze is an alloy made up of two or more metals, with copper being the primary component. The addition of other metals to copper alters its properties, making it stronger, harder, and more durable.
Tin is the most common metal added to copper to create bronze, comprising approximately 12% of the alloy. Other metals, such as aluminum, nickel, or zinc, may also be added in varying amounts to create specific types of bronze for different purposes.
In summary, the answer to your question is that tin is the other element added to copper to create bronze, with approximately 12% of the alloy consisting of tin.
Bronze is an alloy primarily made up of copper and tin, with tin being the secondary element, usually present in about 12% of the composition. This combination of metals provides the alloy with improved strength, durability, and corrosion resistance compared to pure copper.
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What could J. J. Thomson conclude from his experiments?
Answers
Answer:
He concluded that atoms contain small negatively charged particles that are called electrons.
Is milk a solution, suspension, compound , colloid ?
Answers
Answer:
Colloids (heterogeneous)
The difference between a colloid and a suspension is that the particles will not settle to the bottom over a period of time, they will stay suspended or float. An example of a colloid is milk. Milk is a mixture of liquid butterfat globules dispersed and suspended in water.
New question, please helppp
In the last activity, you figured out that the evaporator and the condenser both worked by transferring thermal energy from one substance to another. However, you also noticed that the compressor did not function that way since it was not designed to transfer thermal energy to or from the refrigerant. However, you did notice that the compressor increased the pressure of the refrigerant. Could this increase in pressure be related to the increase in temperature?
Answers
Answer:
Yes, the increase in pressure of the refrigerant can be related to the increase in temperature. This is because when a gas is compressed, the molecules are forced closer together, which increases the temperature of the gas. This is known as the ideal gas law, which states that when pressure increases, temperature also increases.
Write copper (I) chlorate in a chemical formula.
Answers
The chemical formula for copper (I) chlorate is CuClO3. This is a compound of copper in the oxidation state +1 and chlorate, which is an ion with the formula ClO3^- and a charge of -1
Copper(I) chlorate is formed when copper(I) ions combine with chlorate ions. The copper(I) ion has a +1 charge, while the chlorate ion has a -1 charge. To balance the charges, one copper(I) ion combines with one chlorate ion. The chlorate ion is represented by the chemical formula ClO3 with a -1 charge. The copper(I) ion is represented by Cu with a +1 charge. Therefore, the chemical formula for copper(I) chlorate is CuClO3.
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The word “covalent” can be broken into two parts: “co” and “valent.” The “co” part means
“together.” To what does the “valent” part refer?
A. Outer electrons
B. Atoms
C. Protons
D. Nuclei
E. Inner electrons
Answers
Answer:
Outer electrons.
Explanation:
All bonds are localized bonds formed between two atoms by the donation of electrons from each atom.
A researcher is using 4.21 x 1023 molecules of chlorine gas (Cl2) in an experiment. How many grams of chlorine is the researcher using? Remember to include units (abbreviated appropriately) and the substance in your answer. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01.
Answers
The amount of chlorine gas released throughout the experiment weighs 49.70 g.
How many moles are there in total?A mole (mol) is the amount of a substance that has exactly as many particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12.
The number of moles is obtained by dividing the specified mass of a substance by its molar mass. The weight of one mole of a substance is its molar mass, which is expressed in grams per mole.
Having said that,
The number of molecules in 1 mole of chlorine gas would be 6.02 * 1023.
Chlorine gas would contain 4.21 * 1023 molecules per mole.
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which of the following has carboxylic acid derivatives listed in order of decreasing reactivity in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? (most reactive>least reactive)
Answers
acetyl chloride > acetic anhydride > methyl acetate > acetamide is the correct order of decreasing reactivity in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions.
Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction is the term used to describe this type of substitution reaction where the acyl molecule and nucleophilic acyl interact. The nucleophile and carbonyl molecules interact with one another in this reaction through an addition reaction. Based on the leaving group's state, which is influenced by the compounds' acidity, acyl compounds are reactive. Acetyl chloride > acetic anhydride > methyl acetate > acetamide is the decreasing order of reactivity for the acyl compounds.
The acyl chloride that comes from acetic acid is called acetyl chloride. This organic chemical is a member of the acid halide class. The liquid is volatile, colourless, and corrosive. Commonly abbreviated as AcCl, it has the following formula. A fuming liquid with a strong odour and a colourless to pale yellow hue is acetyl chloride. Both medications and insecticides are produced using it.
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what is conduction,convection,and radiation in science brainiest nice and great answer report wrong answer
Answers
Describe three characteristics of the outer core and explain why the outer core is so important to humans on earth.
Answers
Answer:
The outer core is the only layer that is liquid. It is also mainly made from nickel and iron. The main job of the outer core is that it's responsible for the Earth's magnetic field. As the earth spins, the liquid inside this layer spins aswell, keeping it balanced.
what is the molarity of a solution that was prepared by dissolving 82.0 g of CaCl2 in enough water to make 812 mL of solution
Answers
The molarity of a solution that was prepared by dissolving 82.0 g of calcium chloride in enough water to make 812 mL of solution is 0.91M.
How to calculate molarity?Molarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution
The Molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
Molarity = no of moles ÷ volume
According to this question, a solution was prepared by dissolving 82.0 g of calcium chloride in enough water to make 812 mL of solution. The molarity can be calculated as follows:
no of moles of Calcium chloride = 82.0g ÷ 110.98 g/mol = 0.74 mol
Molarity = 0.74 ÷ 0.812 = 0.91M
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What condition is characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration? (Module 16.18C)
Answers
The condition characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration is known as hypokalemia.
Hypokalemia refers to a low concentration of potassium (K+) in the blood. It occurs when there is an imbalance in the levels of potassium in the body.
In this condition, the body retains sodium (Na+) and water, leading to increased fluid volume in the body and subsequent weight gain.
The low blood K+ concentration is a result of excessive potassium loss or inadequate potassium intake.
Hypokalemia can have various causes, such as certain medications, excessive sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, kidney disorders, or hormonal imbalances.
Symptoms of hypokalemia may include muscle weakness, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, muscle cramps, and increased fluid retention.
Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and may include potassium supplementation, dietary changes, or medication adjustments.
It's important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment if you suspect you may have hypokalemia or any other medical condition.
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The Periodic Table is organized into or by _________________. A. All of these B. Groups C. Increasing atomic number D. Properties
Answers
Answer:
My best bet is to go with A. All of these
What kind of mixture is a Spaghetti with sauce and hotdog toppings. How can you tell?
Answers
Explanation:
Usually, Filipino-style spaghetti is adorned with ground beef (called 'Giniling' in Tagalog). This comes along with garlic and onion to complement its saltiness. It this unique mix of saltiness of the meat and sweetness of the sauce that gives the Filipino style spaghetti its unique taste.
How many liters are in 1576.94 mL?
Answers
Answer:
1.57694 L
Explanation:
To convert from mL to L, you simply divide the value by 1000.
What would be the complete ground-state electron configuration for aluminum? Express the complete electron configurations using the caret symbol prior to the superscript and 1 space between different orbitals (ex: Li would be entered as 1s^2 2s^1). Do not use any parentheses in your configuration. Enter your configuration in the proper order.
Answers
The complete ground state configuration for the aluminum is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹. The atomic number of the aluminum is 13.
The atomic number of the Aluminum is 13. For the neutral atom of the Aluminum , it contains the 13 protons and the 13 electrons. The ground state electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹. The noble has configuration for the aluminum is [Ne] 3s² 3p¹. The atom in the lower energy level is said to be in the ground state.
The electrons arranged according to their energy levels. The ground state electron configuration of the electrons around the nucleus with lower energy levels for the given atom.
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Rank the following species by radius, from largest to smallest:
cl−, k , ca2, ar, s2−.
Answers
The rank of the species by radius from largest to smallest: \(S^{2-} > Cl^{-} > Ar > K^{+} > Ca^{2+}\)
All Ions are isoelectronic, which means the elements can have the same number of electrons but, their radii would be different because they have different nuclear charges. Atomic radii can be predicted easily. The atomic radii in the periodic table increase from top to bottom coming from left to right.
The cation with a greater positive charge will have a small radius due to the great attraction of electrons. The Anion with a greater negative charge will have a large radius due to the less attraction of electrons. Therefore, the ion will expand in size due to the net repulsion of the electrons.
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A piece of block that measures 4.0 cm by 5.0 cm by 3.0 cm has a mass of 180.0 grams. What is the density of the block?
Answers
Answer:
d = 3 g/cm³
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of block = 180.0 g
Dimensions = 4.0 cm× 5.0 cm× 3,.0 cm
Density of block = ?
Solution:
Volume of block = length × width × height
Volume of block = 4.0 cm× 5.0 cm× 3.0 cm
Volume of block = 60 cm³
Density of block:
d = m/v
d = 180.0 g/ 60 cm³
d = 3 g/cm³
What are the features that allow you to identify an ionic compound based on its chemical formula
Answers
Answer:
first identify the cation and write down its symbol and charge. Then, identify the anion and write down its symbol and charge.
Explanation:
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Which technology has helped improve scientists' ability to gather scientific data about the movement of sea turtles?
O satellite tracking
O thermometers
O probeware
microscopes
Answers
the first one satellite tracking
Answer:
I believe the answer is A. Or the 1st dot.
Explanation:
Why might two objects be affected differently if the same strength force is exerted on them?
Answers
The two objects will be affected differently if if the same strength force is exerted on them as they will have different mass.
What is force?
Force is defined as a cause which is capable of changing the motion of an object. It can cause an object which has mass to change it's velocity. It is also simply a push or a pull . It has both magnitude as well as direction.Hence, it is a vector quantity.
It has SI units of Newton and is represented by'F'.Newton's second law states that force which acts on an object is equal to momentum which changes with time. If mass of object is constant, acceleration is directly proportional to net force acting on an object.
The concepts which related to force are thrust and torque .Thrust increases the velocity of an object and torque produces change in rotational speed of an object.
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in what ways does silica percentage affect the behavior of a magma?
Answers
The silica (SiO2) content in magma can affect its behavior in several ways: Viscosity, Explosive Eruptions, Cooling Rate, Composition of Rocks Formed.
Viscosity: Silica content has a significant impact on the viscosity of the magma, which refers to its resistance to flow. Magmas with higher silica content tend to have a higher viscosity, making them more resistant to flow and less likely to erupt.
Explosive Eruptions: Magmas with high silica content tend to be more explosive when they erupt, because the high viscosity prevents the release of trapped gas. When gas finally escapes, it creates a violent explosion.
Cooling Rate: Silica-rich magmas tend to cool more slowly than magmas with low silica content, allowing more time for mineral crystals to grow and form solid rock.
Composition of Rocks Formed: The silica content of magma affects the type of rocks that are formed when it cools and solidifies. Magmas with high silica content tend to form volcanic rocks such as rhyolites and granites, while magmas with low silica content tend to form basaltic rocks.
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What is the concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution if 28.1 cm^3 of it are exactly neutralized by 30.0 cm^3 of a 0.32 M hydrochloride acid solution
Answers
In order to find the concenctration of this base we will use the titration formula, which is:
Ma * Va = Mb * Vb
Where:
Ma = concentration of acid
Va = volume of acid
Mb = concentration of base
Vb = volume of base
0.32 * 30.0 = Mb * 28.1
9.6 = 28.1Mb
Mb = 0.34
Therefore the concentration of Sodium hydroxide is 0.34M
If the initial pressure of a gas in a container was 0.85 atm, what is the new pressure after the volume is reduced from 10 mL to 2 mL at constant temperature
Answers
Taking into account the Boyle's Law, the new pressure is 4.25 atm.
The gas laws are a set of chemical and physical laws that allow determining the behavior of gases in a closed system. The parameters evaluated in these laws are pressure, volume, temperature, and moles.
As the volume increases, the gas particles (atoms or molecules) take longer to reach the walls of the container and therefore collide with them less times per unit of time. This means that the pressure will be lower because it represents the frequency of collisions of the gas against the walls.
In this way pressure and volume are related, determining Boyle's law, one of the gas laws, which says:
"The volume occupied by a given gaseous mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure"
Boyle's law is expressed mathematically as:
Pressure * Volume = constant
or P×V = k
Studying two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is satisfied:
P1×V1= P2×V2
In this case, you know:
P1= 0.85 atmV1= 10 mLP2=?V2= 2 mLReplacing in Boyle's Law:
0.85 atm× 10 mL= P2× 2 mL
Solving:
P2= (0.85 atm× 10 mL)÷ 2 mL
P2= 4.25 atm
In summary, the new pressure is 4.25 atm.
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https://brainly.com/question/4147359?referrer=searchResultsDona is attempting to make an electromagnetic to pick up old nails in her driveway. Which of these materials would be best to us for the core to make the strongest electromagnetic to pick up the most nails?
Answers
Answer:
The materials would be best to us for the core to make the strongest electromagnetic to pick up the most nails is described below in detail.
Explanation:
Use a couple of wire strip-pers to exclude some centimeters of insulation from every end of the cable. Skillfully cover the cable around the nail. The more cable you enclose around the nail, the more effective your electromagnet will be. Compose certain that you leave sufficient of the cable unwrapped so that you can connect the battery.
Use the drop-down menus to complete each
phrase describing voltaic cells.
Redox reactions involve a transfer of
Voltaic cells are also known as
cells.
Voltaic cells are composed of two separate
cells.
The physical material where the redox reactions
occur is called the
Answers
Answer:
electrons
galvanic
half-
electrode
Explanation:
I got it right :)
The words that complete each of the blanks in the question are;
electronsgalvanichalf-electrodeWhat is a voltaic cell?A voltaic cell is one that produces energy by a sponteanous chemical reaction. A voltaic cell is a type of electrochemical cell.
The following are the words that complete the individual blanks';
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Select the true statements about the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Each turn of the citric acid cycle requires two molecules of acetyl-CoA NADH, GTP FADH2' and coenzyme A molecules are produced by the citric acid cycle: In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is degraded to produce NADH and FADH z The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process Inconrect
Answers
The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process. The major reactants in the citric acid cycle are acetyl-CoA, NAD+, GDP, and FAD. In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is cleaved to produce NADH and FADH2. This applies to the citric acid cycle.
The citric acid cycle serves as the mitochondrial hub for the final step of carbon-skeletal oxidative catabolism for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids. Each oxidation step in turn reduces coenzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). The enzyme rearranges the atoms of the citric acid molecule (6 carbons) into a new 6 carbon configuration. Energy is released when a six-carbon array is oxidized and one carbon is removed.
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